The motorcycle has become one of the most common type of vehicles used on the road, particularly ... more The motorcycle has become one of the most common type of vehicles used on the road, particularly in the Asia region, including Malaysia, due to its size-convenience and affordable price. This study focuses only on crashes involving motorcycles with passenger cars consisting 43 real world crashes obtained from in-depth crash investigation process from June 2016 till July 2017. The study collected and analyzed vehicle and site parameters obtained during crash investigation and injury information acquired from the patient-treating hospital. The investigation team, consisting of two personnel, is stationed at the Emergency Department of the treatment facility, and was dispatched to the crash scene once receiving notification of the related crashes. The injury information retrieved was coded according to the level of severity using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and classified into different body regions. The data revealed that weekend crashes were significantly higher for the night ...
Road safety analysis can be used to understand what has been successful in the past and what need... more Road safety analysis can be used to understand what has been successful in the past and what needs to be changed in order to be successful to reduce severe road trauma going forward and ultimately what’s needed to achieve zero. This chapter covers some of the tools used to retrospectively evaluate real-life benefits of road safety measures and methods used to predict the combined effects of interventions in a road safety action plan as well as to estimate if they are sufficient to achieve targets near-term and long-term. Included are also a brief overview of methods to develop boundary conditions on what constitutes a Safe System for different road users. Further to that, the chapter lists some arguments for the need of high-quality mass and in-depth data to ensure confidence in the results and conclusions from road safety analysis. Finally, a few key messages are summarized.
The present invention is to provide a helmet having satisfactory compatibility between its shock ... more The present invention is to provide a helmet having satisfactory compatibility between its shock absorbing capacity, comfortable and satisfying users demand in view of the cost. The invention consist of a motocycle helmet, which uses resilient polymer foam such as expanded polypropylene (EPP). This type of foam recovers its shapes after first impact; therefore provide a protection of head against multi impact hits usually encountered in motocycle crashes. The density configuration to enhance ventilation. The new design shell, which may be of the conventional type or of a new bio-composite material. The said bio-composite shell can be made of reinforced natural fibers such as oil palm, or coca nut, or a combination of one of these fibers with common fibers such as glass, carbon, or polypropylene or the like. The said fiber are impregnanted in either thermoplastics such as polyester or thermoset such as epoxy resins. Therefore this invention relates to a new design of safety helmet, p...
Road safety has come a long way in our lifetimes, and there are steps in this progress that mark ... more Road safety has come a long way in our lifetimes, and there are steps in this progress that mark their place in history. Many of these were technical innovations, such as seat belts, electronic stability control, and geofencing for vehicle speed control. Also important, though perhaps fewer in number, were innovations in strategies to achieve change. These include the public health model of Dr. William Haddon, the introduction of Vision Zero, the World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention from WHO and the World Bank, and more recently, the Decade of Action 2011–2020. I am sure that the work and recommendations presented in this report will deserve their place in a “Hall of Fame” for strategic innovation in saving lives across the globe.
The existing literature in road safety revealed that the relationship between motorcycle deaths a... more The existing literature in road safety revealed that the relationship between motorcycle deaths and per-head income follows a Kuznets or reverse U-curve pattern, whereby motorcycle deaths incline at lower income levels but decline once the per-head income has exceeded a threshold level. The same reverse U-curve relationship was also observed between per-head income and other road injury-related variables, including road deaths, road injuries, as well as road deaths to road injuries ratio. Evidence showed that motorcycles and passenger cars are the dominant vehicle modes and contributed significantly to global road deaths. The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between the motorcycle deaths to passenger car deaths (MDC) ratio and per-head Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Examining the relationship between the MDC ratio and GDP per capita can be effective in understanding the relative change between motorcycle and passenger car deaths at different economic development stages, as well as identifying appropriate preventive measures. We apply a panel linear regression analysis on a panel of 38 countries over the period 1965-2013. Result demonstrated that there is a reverse U-curve relationship between the MDC ratio and the logarithm of GDP per capita. This implies that, at lower levels of GDP per capita, motorcycle deaths were more prevalent than passenger car deaths, whereas as the level of GDP per capita rises, passenger car deaths became relatively prevalent than motorcycle deaths. Moreover, there is a reverse U-shaped relationship between motorcycle ownership to passenger car ownership ratio (MPC) and the MDC ratio, while a U-shaped relationship exists between relative growth in higher mobility roads as compared to higher accessibility roads (MPA) and the MDC ratio. Based on our results, policies and interventions to reduce motorcycle and passenger car deaths were suggested in the conclusion of the paper.
This paper presents the application of non-contact digitizing method for reverse engineering purp... more This paper presents the application of non-contact digitizing method for reverse engineering purposes. The 3D scanner with Cyberware CyDir scanning software was used in this research. Five modules are proposed namely i) linear scan mode and angle ii) scanning methods with proper orientation iii) scanning through surfaces iv) cloud points merge and polygonal mesh and v) editing. The output results of data scanned are also discussed. The advantages of this method are also highlighted.
Bone is a living tissue. It continuously reproduces its structure and its growth depends partly u... more Bone is a living tissue. It continuously reproduces its structure and its growth depends partly upon the applied mechanical load. After an implant is inserted, the load equilibrium is disturbed, leading to bone resorption and the stress shielding phenomena. Aseptic loosening is the main contributor for hip prosthesis failure. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of bone resorption on the stress values and hence obtain a better understanding of the behavior of the stress adaptive bone-remodeling. The bone material used for the analysis was assumed to be isotropic and linearly elastic, and the external loads applied comprised of a femoral head load and an abductor load. A Finite element computer program for evaluating the changes in bone's density and modulus was developed. The values of stress for bone, cement mantle in medial, and lateral positions of Total Hip Replacement (THR) are presented. The failure mechanisms of THR with bone resorption observed the implant...
Behavior and thinking of the people, with their differences on emotions and intuitions, produce t... more Behavior and thinking of the people, with their differences on emotions and intuitions, produce the ambiguity in social studies. Fuzzy logic is an approach to computing based on "degrees of truth" rather than the usual "true or false" (1 or 0) Boolean logic on which the modern computer is based. The fuzzy sets theory, described by the membership function (Zadeh, 1965), is suggested as an alternative approach to deal with the vagueness of planning goals and the uncertainties in the number of researches and papers (Jowitt, 1984; Koo et al, 1991; Julien, 1994; Chang and Wang, 1996). Fuzzy sets are a communication medium that speaks to both the logical nature of the science and the complexity of the humanities and social sciences. Instead of using point estimation in conventional probability theory, fuzzy set theory can be used to granulate a concept into a set with membership function and uses the range of input data. With fuzzy logic propositions can be represented...
An apparatus 1 includes a static supporting structure 2, and a dynamic functional unit 3. The dyn... more An apparatus 1 includes a static supporting structure 2, and a dynamic functional unit 3. The dynamic functional unit 3 generally includes a shaft system 23 and a plurality of arms 24. The static supporting structure 2 generally includes a pair of main frames. The pair of main frames includes a first main frame 4 and a second main frame 5 respectively constitute an upright rectangular frame that are formed by fastening four members of channel structural steel 6, 7, 8, 9; and 10, 11, 12, 13. The frames 4, 5 are separated at a distance and are connected via I-beam 14 at the mid span of the top horizontal members 9 and 13 of the main frames. To provide lateral stability to the overall supporting structure of the apparatus 1, the frames are also connected to each other at both lateral sides respectively by a pair of cross-connected equal-leg angle steel members 15, 16 and 17, 18.
2008 33rd IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Conference (IEMT), 2008
... portion. Finally yet importantly, our gratitude goes out to Gaurang Choksi, Loh Wei Keat, San... more ... portion. Finally yet importantly, our gratitude goes out to Gaurang Choksi, Loh Wei Keat, Sandeep Sane, Rick Williams, Luke Garner, Tan Chew Hong and Phua Chiew Seng for their mentoring, support and encouragement. ...
The aim of this study was to investigate single vehicle collisions involving trees in Malaysia by... more The aim of this study was to investigate single vehicle collisions involving trees in Malaysia by using the police national database though (Pol 27) as the data source. From the Pol 27, information on tree-related traffic collisions in year 2006 and 2007 was gathered. The accumulation of cases in both years proved fatal tree-related cases as the highest (38%) compared to non fatal tree cases. Factors which were analyzed from the Pol 27, viz., day,time, area type, road geometry, numbers of carriageway, pavement quality and road shoulderwidth. A Mann-Whitney U Test was performed to identify pattern variation on seven contributing factors between the two years data from Pol 27. From the comparison done, numbers of carriageway and pavement quality factors displayed significant variation between the two years information that was revealed from the Asymp. Sig. value. Cross tabulation analysis and chi-square test were also performed to determine the odds ratio value and chisquare value, respectively. From the chi-square test, only time and road shoulder width factors were found to be associated to injury severity level in tree related collisions. Odds ratio value revealed only time, number of carriageways, pavement condition and road shoulder width recorded significant values. Nighttime (time), dual carriageways roads (number of carriageway), wavy and holed condition roads (pavement quality) and roads with road shoulder width below 2.5 m (road shoulder width) were identified as the more influential variables in fatal tree related collision cases. The findings from this study highlight the crucial variables to be focused on during future interventions to cater tree related collisions.
ABSTRACT Machinability data selection is a crucial step in a manufacturing environment. It plays ... more ABSTRACT Machinability data selection is a crucial step in a manufacturing environment. It plays an important role in efficient utilization of machine tools and significantly influences the overall manufacturing cost. This paper is devoted to studying the feasibility of using neural network in representing machinability data. The feed-forward neural network is used to predict optimum machining parameters under different machining conditions. The back propagation (BP) method is used to optimize the network component representation. An object-oriented neural network-handling library is developed and implemented in the turning process. The authors introduce a new type of artificial neuron in the design of neural network for turning process, namely the Product neuron, which has multiplication instead of summation. The characteristics and applications of the new neuron are explained in this paper. The proposed network unveils the possibility of developing an expert system for machinability data selection based on neural networks. Comparisons with fuzzy logic representation in the literatures are made.
The motorcycle has become one of the most common type of vehicles used on the road, particularly ... more The motorcycle has become one of the most common type of vehicles used on the road, particularly in the Asia region, including Malaysia, due to its size-convenience and affordable price. This study focuses only on crashes involving motorcycles with passenger cars consisting 43 real world crashes obtained from in-depth crash investigation process from June 2016 till July 2017. The study collected and analyzed vehicle and site parameters obtained during crash investigation and injury information acquired from the patient-treating hospital. The investigation team, consisting of two personnel, is stationed at the Emergency Department of the treatment facility, and was dispatched to the crash scene once receiving notification of the related crashes. The injury information retrieved was coded according to the level of severity using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and classified into different body regions. The data revealed that weekend crashes were significantly higher for the night ...
Road safety analysis can be used to understand what has been successful in the past and what need... more Road safety analysis can be used to understand what has been successful in the past and what needs to be changed in order to be successful to reduce severe road trauma going forward and ultimately what’s needed to achieve zero. This chapter covers some of the tools used to retrospectively evaluate real-life benefits of road safety measures and methods used to predict the combined effects of interventions in a road safety action plan as well as to estimate if they are sufficient to achieve targets near-term and long-term. Included are also a brief overview of methods to develop boundary conditions on what constitutes a Safe System for different road users. Further to that, the chapter lists some arguments for the need of high-quality mass and in-depth data to ensure confidence in the results and conclusions from road safety analysis. Finally, a few key messages are summarized.
The present invention is to provide a helmet having satisfactory compatibility between its shock ... more The present invention is to provide a helmet having satisfactory compatibility between its shock absorbing capacity, comfortable and satisfying users demand in view of the cost. The invention consist of a motocycle helmet, which uses resilient polymer foam such as expanded polypropylene (EPP). This type of foam recovers its shapes after first impact; therefore provide a protection of head against multi impact hits usually encountered in motocycle crashes. The density configuration to enhance ventilation. The new design shell, which may be of the conventional type or of a new bio-composite material. The said bio-composite shell can be made of reinforced natural fibers such as oil palm, or coca nut, or a combination of one of these fibers with common fibers such as glass, carbon, or polypropylene or the like. The said fiber are impregnanted in either thermoplastics such as polyester or thermoset such as epoxy resins. Therefore this invention relates to a new design of safety helmet, p...
Road safety has come a long way in our lifetimes, and there are steps in this progress that mark ... more Road safety has come a long way in our lifetimes, and there are steps in this progress that mark their place in history. Many of these were technical innovations, such as seat belts, electronic stability control, and geofencing for vehicle speed control. Also important, though perhaps fewer in number, were innovations in strategies to achieve change. These include the public health model of Dr. William Haddon, the introduction of Vision Zero, the World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention from WHO and the World Bank, and more recently, the Decade of Action 2011–2020. I am sure that the work and recommendations presented in this report will deserve their place in a “Hall of Fame” for strategic innovation in saving lives across the globe.
The existing literature in road safety revealed that the relationship between motorcycle deaths a... more The existing literature in road safety revealed that the relationship between motorcycle deaths and per-head income follows a Kuznets or reverse U-curve pattern, whereby motorcycle deaths incline at lower income levels but decline once the per-head income has exceeded a threshold level. The same reverse U-curve relationship was also observed between per-head income and other road injury-related variables, including road deaths, road injuries, as well as road deaths to road injuries ratio. Evidence showed that motorcycles and passenger cars are the dominant vehicle modes and contributed significantly to global road deaths. The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between the motorcycle deaths to passenger car deaths (MDC) ratio and per-head Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Examining the relationship between the MDC ratio and GDP per capita can be effective in understanding the relative change between motorcycle and passenger car deaths at different economic development stages, as well as identifying appropriate preventive measures. We apply a panel linear regression analysis on a panel of 38 countries over the period 1965-2013. Result demonstrated that there is a reverse U-curve relationship between the MDC ratio and the logarithm of GDP per capita. This implies that, at lower levels of GDP per capita, motorcycle deaths were more prevalent than passenger car deaths, whereas as the level of GDP per capita rises, passenger car deaths became relatively prevalent than motorcycle deaths. Moreover, there is a reverse U-shaped relationship between motorcycle ownership to passenger car ownership ratio (MPC) and the MDC ratio, while a U-shaped relationship exists between relative growth in higher mobility roads as compared to higher accessibility roads (MPA) and the MDC ratio. Based on our results, policies and interventions to reduce motorcycle and passenger car deaths were suggested in the conclusion of the paper.
This paper presents the application of non-contact digitizing method for reverse engineering purp... more This paper presents the application of non-contact digitizing method for reverse engineering purposes. The 3D scanner with Cyberware CyDir scanning software was used in this research. Five modules are proposed namely i) linear scan mode and angle ii) scanning methods with proper orientation iii) scanning through surfaces iv) cloud points merge and polygonal mesh and v) editing. The output results of data scanned are also discussed. The advantages of this method are also highlighted.
Bone is a living tissue. It continuously reproduces its structure and its growth depends partly u... more Bone is a living tissue. It continuously reproduces its structure and its growth depends partly upon the applied mechanical load. After an implant is inserted, the load equilibrium is disturbed, leading to bone resorption and the stress shielding phenomena. Aseptic loosening is the main contributor for hip prosthesis failure. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of bone resorption on the stress values and hence obtain a better understanding of the behavior of the stress adaptive bone-remodeling. The bone material used for the analysis was assumed to be isotropic and linearly elastic, and the external loads applied comprised of a femoral head load and an abductor load. A Finite element computer program for evaluating the changes in bone's density and modulus was developed. The values of stress for bone, cement mantle in medial, and lateral positions of Total Hip Replacement (THR) are presented. The failure mechanisms of THR with bone resorption observed the implant...
Behavior and thinking of the people, with their differences on emotions and intuitions, produce t... more Behavior and thinking of the people, with their differences on emotions and intuitions, produce the ambiguity in social studies. Fuzzy logic is an approach to computing based on "degrees of truth" rather than the usual "true or false" (1 or 0) Boolean logic on which the modern computer is based. The fuzzy sets theory, described by the membership function (Zadeh, 1965), is suggested as an alternative approach to deal with the vagueness of planning goals and the uncertainties in the number of researches and papers (Jowitt, 1984; Koo et al, 1991; Julien, 1994; Chang and Wang, 1996). Fuzzy sets are a communication medium that speaks to both the logical nature of the science and the complexity of the humanities and social sciences. Instead of using point estimation in conventional probability theory, fuzzy set theory can be used to granulate a concept into a set with membership function and uses the range of input data. With fuzzy logic propositions can be represented...
An apparatus 1 includes a static supporting structure 2, and a dynamic functional unit 3. The dyn... more An apparatus 1 includes a static supporting structure 2, and a dynamic functional unit 3. The dynamic functional unit 3 generally includes a shaft system 23 and a plurality of arms 24. The static supporting structure 2 generally includes a pair of main frames. The pair of main frames includes a first main frame 4 and a second main frame 5 respectively constitute an upright rectangular frame that are formed by fastening four members of channel structural steel 6, 7, 8, 9; and 10, 11, 12, 13. The frames 4, 5 are separated at a distance and are connected via I-beam 14 at the mid span of the top horizontal members 9 and 13 of the main frames. To provide lateral stability to the overall supporting structure of the apparatus 1, the frames are also connected to each other at both lateral sides respectively by a pair of cross-connected equal-leg angle steel members 15, 16 and 17, 18.
2008 33rd IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Conference (IEMT), 2008
... portion. Finally yet importantly, our gratitude goes out to Gaurang Choksi, Loh Wei Keat, San... more ... portion. Finally yet importantly, our gratitude goes out to Gaurang Choksi, Loh Wei Keat, Sandeep Sane, Rick Williams, Luke Garner, Tan Chew Hong and Phua Chiew Seng for their mentoring, support and encouragement. ...
The aim of this study was to investigate single vehicle collisions involving trees in Malaysia by... more The aim of this study was to investigate single vehicle collisions involving trees in Malaysia by using the police national database though (Pol 27) as the data source. From the Pol 27, information on tree-related traffic collisions in year 2006 and 2007 was gathered. The accumulation of cases in both years proved fatal tree-related cases as the highest (38%) compared to non fatal tree cases. Factors which were analyzed from the Pol 27, viz., day,time, area type, road geometry, numbers of carriageway, pavement quality and road shoulderwidth. A Mann-Whitney U Test was performed to identify pattern variation on seven contributing factors between the two years data from Pol 27. From the comparison done, numbers of carriageway and pavement quality factors displayed significant variation between the two years information that was revealed from the Asymp. Sig. value. Cross tabulation analysis and chi-square test were also performed to determine the odds ratio value and chisquare value, respectively. From the chi-square test, only time and road shoulder width factors were found to be associated to injury severity level in tree related collisions. Odds ratio value revealed only time, number of carriageways, pavement condition and road shoulder width recorded significant values. Nighttime (time), dual carriageways roads (number of carriageway), wavy and holed condition roads (pavement quality) and roads with road shoulder width below 2.5 m (road shoulder width) were identified as the more influential variables in fatal tree related collision cases. The findings from this study highlight the crucial variables to be focused on during future interventions to cater tree related collisions.
ABSTRACT Machinability data selection is a crucial step in a manufacturing environment. It plays ... more ABSTRACT Machinability data selection is a crucial step in a manufacturing environment. It plays an important role in efficient utilization of machine tools and significantly influences the overall manufacturing cost. This paper is devoted to studying the feasibility of using neural network in representing machinability data. The feed-forward neural network is used to predict optimum machining parameters under different machining conditions. The back propagation (BP) method is used to optimize the network component representation. An object-oriented neural network-handling library is developed and implemented in the turning process. The authors introduce a new type of artificial neuron in the design of neural network for turning process, namely the Product neuron, which has multiplication instead of summation. The characteristics and applications of the new neuron are explained in this paper. The proposed network unveils the possibility of developing an expert system for machinability data selection based on neural networks. Comparisons with fuzzy logic representation in the literatures are made.
Uploads
Papers by Prof. Dr. Shaw Voon Wong