The Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Tinospora cordifolia (giloy) are rich sources of antioxidant... more The Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Tinospora cordifolia (giloy) are rich sources of antioxidant compounds and have been used for several decades to improve human health with relatively low side effects. The present research attempted to carry out the sensory and antioxidant activity evaluation of dried mixed paste powder of Z. officinale and T. cordifolia by establishing fuzzy logic, the newly proposed General Mathematical Formula (GMF) and the radical scavenging assay. Antioxidant activity was higher in the powder obtained in combinatorial process than the powders obtained in the separate processing of ginger or giloy. The sample containing powder, sugar and salt at 5, 5 and 1 % were more acceptable (good) and attributes generally fell under ‘important’ by both methods. Fuzzy logic and GMF results were matched perfectly for the category of samples, and quality attributes in general, and GMF method is simple and accurate for sensory evaluation.
Microgreens are a new type of edible fresh vegetable salad which are harvested before the cotyled... more Microgreens are a new type of edible fresh vegetable salad which are harvested before the cotyledons have fully developed but before the real leaves have entirely emerged. Being new to the market, appropriate substrates which are economical have yet to be established in order to increase production. In order to increase the yields of beet microgreens, this study tested natural synedrella residues (aerial parts) as a growing media component. This investigation was carried out in 2022 at the Prayoga campus in Bengaluru to assess the effects of synedrella residues combined with growth substrates on the yield and quality of beet microgreens grown in a greenhouse. The growth parameters analysed were germination rate, height, fresh and dried weight, and quality of beet microgreens (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, microbial safety) grown on substrates of synedrella residues, vermicompost, red soil and coco peat in different combinations. Results showed that the presence of Synedrella nod...
Antiviral Effects of Probiotic Metabolic Products and Herbal Extracts Against Coronavirus<br&g... more Antiviral Effects of Probiotic Metabolic Products and Herbal Extracts Against Coronavirus<br>The spread of Covid-19 disease due to lack of proper medication has turned into a pandemic demanding new antiviral medications for prevention of disease. Natural products have been playing an important role in the development of drugs for various diseases. Furthermore, the growing insight about promotion of health and disease prevention by gut microbiota has opened a new field for disease prevention. The traditional medicinal herbal extracts and some probiotic strains have shown potential effects against various coronavirus strains. In this regard, we have reviewed various non-specific treatment methods based on utilization of natural herbal extracts and some potential probiotics. The study revealed that natural compounds may prove useful in fighting COVID-19. We suggest that each infected patient should be evaluated for their nutritional status before the administration of these non-s...
Croatian journal of food science and technology, 2021
The present study analyses the drying kinetics and changes in qualities during hot air drying of ... more The present study analyses the drying kinetics and changes in qualities during hot air drying of betel leaf paste for the manufacturing of betel leaf paste powder. A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the changes in different properties, including physico-chemical properties, proximate composition and other functional properties. The betel leaf paste dried powders have longer shelf life than raw leaves. Drying of betel leaf paste was conducted in three different levels, i.e., 50, 70 and 80 °C, till the samples reached a constant weight. The samples dried at 80 °C and 70 °C, showed the lowest water activity 0.1, whereas the sample dried at 50 °C, showed the highest water activity of 0.15. The values of protein, fat, crude fibre and ash were observed a little higher in betel leaf powder dried at 70 °C, than in other drying temperatures. This increase in the composition may be the result of higher dry matter in dried powder and less drying time of paste and minimum degradation...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2019
Objectives: The present study was undertaken to screen pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of c... more Objectives: The present study was undertaken to screen pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of crude extracts of actinomycetes species isolated from the soil sediments of Periyar Tiger Reserve, Kerala. The identified lipase inhibitory activity was partially purified, and the selected isolate was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Methods: The preliminary screening for the extracellular lipase inhibitory activities of actinomycetes isolates was performed by inoculating the culture to the test tubes containing inoculation media in submerged condition. The lipase inhibitory activities were again evaluated based on secondary screening on the production media and the strain which produced consistent highest lipase inhibitory activity was selected for further studies. The crude extract from the selected strain was subjected to solvent extraction and partially purified by plain silica gel column (mesh size 100–200 μm; column 300 mm×18 mm) and eluted with different solvents in the increasi...
The Journal of general and applied microbiology, Jan 27, 2018
Bilirubin oxidase has applications in the health and environmental sectors. Hence, several attemp... more Bilirubin oxidase has applications in the health and environmental sectors. Hence, several attempts have been made to increase enzyme yields. However, improvements were not very high. We report here the development of a mutant strain of Myrothecium verrucaria by using UV-rays, which produced 28.8 times more enzyme compared with the parent and was higher than the yields reported in earlier submerged cultures. The mutant strain produced 35.6 times more enzyme than the parent in solid-state fermentation, which is better than that previously reported for a solid-state fermentation process. The specific activity of the enzyme produced by the mutant was higher than that of the parental enzyme. Bilirubin oxidase from both strains showed an optimum activity at pH 7 and 40°C. However, the time required to inactivate half of the initial enzyme activity at 60°C was much higher in the case of the enzyme obtained from the mutant compared with the parental enzyme. The improved thermostability of ...
International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2017
The Streptomyces tendae was grown in the submerged cultures and the lipase inhibitory activity wa... more The Streptomyces tendae was grown in the submerged cultures and the lipase inhibitory activity was assyed by using porcine pancreatic lipase. The inhibitory activity was extracted with ethyl acetate and purified by using HPLC. The inhibitory activity was characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and LCMS and its kinetic studies were done with Lineweaver-Burk plots. Lipase inhibitory activity was identified in the submerged cultures of S. tendae and its productivity was higher on the 7 th day of fermentation. This inhibitory activity was eluted into the diethyl ether fraction while purifying on silica gel chromatogram and purified compound showed a single peak on HPLC. The compound showed the λmax of 254 nm, IC50 of 147.58 μg/ml and mass of 254 amu. Mass suggested it as a small molecule. Kinetic studies suggested that this molecule inhibits the porcine pancreatic lipase in a competitive manner.
Abstract An amperometric ammonium biosensor based on alanine dehydrogenase of Bacillus subtilis a... more Abstract An amperometric ammonium biosensor based on alanine dehydrogenase of Bacillus subtilis and functionalized multiwalled carbonnanotubes was developed by using screen printed electrodes. The output current of the biosensor was increased around 2.4 times at 100 mM NH 4 + after the addition of functionalized multiwalled carbonnanotubes at the concentration of 0.1 μg/ml along with the enzyme. The biosensor showed much broader linearity range (0.05–500 mM NH 4 + ), better detection limit (0.001 mM NH 4 + ) and response time (30 s) due to the incorporation of the functionalized multiwalled carbonnanotubes. The cyclic voltammogram of enzyme-carbonnanotubes/carbon working electrode showed the output current at the oxidation peak, which was > 2 times higher compared to that of enzyme/carbon working electrode. This suggests the promotion of electron transfer from the enzyme to the working electrode by carbonnanotubes, which may act as electron transducers and rapidly transfer the electrons from the redox centre of the enzyme to the electrode, thereby improving the signal, response time and sensitivity. The sensor retained 89.93% of its initial output current after 119 days. The concentrations of NH 4 + detected by the biosensor were in close agreement with that of standard Nessler's reagent method suggesting the suitability of the present biosensor for the testing of water samples.
Methotrexate degrading enzymes are required to overcome the toxicity of the methotrexate while tr... more Methotrexate degrading enzymes are required to overcome the toxicity of the methotrexate while treating the cancer. The enzyme from Variovorax paradoxus converts the methotrexate in to non toxic products. Methotrexate degrading enzyme from V. paradoxus is a dimeric protein with a molecular mass of 46kDa and it acts on casein and gelatin. This enzyme is optimally active at pH 7.5 and 40°C and nanoparticles of this enzyme were prepared by desolvation-crosslinking method. Enzyme nanoparticles could degrade methotrexate faster than the native enzyme and they show lower Km compare to the native enzyme. Enzyme nanoparticles show better thermostability and they were stable for much longer time in the serum compare to the native enzyme. Enzyme nanoparticles show better functionality than the native enzyme while clearing the methotrexate added to the serum suggesting their advantage over the native enzyme for the therapeutic and biotechnological applications.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Jan 31, 2014
An autobiographic method based on the thin layer chromatogram was developed by using the chemical... more An autobiographic method based on the thin layer chromatogram was developed by using the chemical system that comprises p-Nitrophenyl butyrate and bromothymol blue for detecting the lipase inhibitor. Lipase inhibitory zones were visualized as blue spots against the greenish yellow background. This method could able to detect the well known lipase inhibitor, orlistat up to the concentration of 1ng which is better than the earlier method. This method could also able to detect the lipase inhibition activities from the un-explored species of Streptomyces. The developed method can be used not only for the screening of unknown samples for the lipase inhibitors but also for the purification of the lipase inhibitors from the unknown samples.
International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2017
Lipase inhibitory activity was confirmed in the submerged cultures of Streptomyces coelicolor dur... more Lipase inhibitory activity was confirmed in the submerged cultures of Streptomyces coelicolor during time course studies and addition of glycerol increased the production of this activity. Lipase inhibitory activity was increased with the increasing concentration of glycerol up to 2 %. There was a dramatic increase of the inhibitory activity on the 7 th day of the submerged batch fermentation. However, there was no significant increase in the biomass suggesting the secondary metabolite characteristic of the inhibitory activity. The presence of glycerol in the submerged cultures increased the inhibitory activity by 3.4 times compared to the control on the 7 th day. During fed-batch fermentation, feeding of glycerol to the submerged culture led to the increase of inhibitory activity by 9.7 times. These results suggest that glycerol can activate the pathways responsible for the production of the inhibitory activity. Improving the productivity of this lipase inhibitor will benefit the biotech and pharma sectors since this inhibitor can be a candidate for treating obesity due to its ability to inhibit lipase.
The degradation of the mixture of azo dyes by the developed bacterial consortium, photocatalytic ... more The degradation of the mixture of azo dyes by the developed bacterial consortium, photocatalytic process (TiO2/UV) and their combined effects were investigated in this study. The bacteria consortium was developed from waste disposal drains in the local textile dyeing industry. The consortium consists of two different bacteria which were identified as Stenotrophomonas pavanii and Bacillus licheniformis through 16S rDNA sequence alignment. The decolorization efficiency was estimated by spectrophotometry and it was observed that biological and photochemical methods alone could not effectively remove the dyes as the decolorization efficiency was low and the absorption peak in the UV region was not completely removed. After 5 days of incubation at 37°C, pH 7 and a dye concentration of 150 mg/L, the microbial dye degradation reached a decolorization efficiency of more than 55%. Additionally, the UV treatment alone was also able to decolorize the dye less than 20% at 45°C, pH 9 at 150 mg/L...
Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2021
Plants are the source of different lipase inhibitors and have complex matrices. Lipase inhibitors... more Plants are the source of different lipase inhibitors and have complex matrices. Lipase inhibitors from plant matrices can be directly detected on Bioautograms. In this study, a p-Nitrophenyl butyrate based bioautography was evaluated for the identification of lipase inhibitors from unexplored plants. Most of the unexplored plants were found to be positive for the lipase inhibitory activity. Leaf extracts of Lantana camara and Sorghum bicolor showed dark blue spots, whereas the floral extract of Lantana camara and seed extract of Areca catechu showed faint blue spots on the bioautogram suggesting the presence of higher or lower levels of lipase inhibitory activities respectively. Floral extract of Delonix regia showed the lipase inhibitory activity as a faint blue spot on the bioautogram which was not detected by the spectrophotometry. Hence, false negatives and false positives can be avoided with bioautography. Bioautographic assay was successfully validated by checking the lipase i...
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
Objective: To improve the parent strain of Variovorax paradoxus for the production of methotrexat... more Objective: To improve the parent strain of Variovorax paradoxus for the production of methotrexate (MTX) degrading enzyme and to study the serum stability, release kinetics and functionality of the nano complexes of the enzyme with human serum albumin (HSA) Methods: The activity of the enzyme was quantified by using the extinction coefficient of 8300 for the substrate, MTX. The mutant strain of V. paradoxus was isolated by exposing the cells to the UV light (302 nm) so that 50 % of the cells were killed. The enzyme was purified on DEAE-cellulose, and sephadex-G-100 columns and the purity of the enzyme was checked on 10 % SDS-polyacrylamide gel. The enzyme-HSA nano complexes were prepared by adopting desolvation-crosslinking method and their size was determined by using transmission electron microscope. Results: MTX degrading enzymes are required to avoid the toxicity of the MTX during the treatment of cancer. The enzyme from V. paradoxus converts the MTX into non-toxic glutamate and...
Obesity and its related disorders have become a major concern across the world. However, there ar... more Obesity and its related disorders have become a major concern across the world. However, there are only few medications for treating obesity. Reducing the fat absorption through the inhibition of pancreatic lipase has become most favorable strategy for treating obesity since pancreatic lipase is a safe target and its inhibition does not alter the central pathways. However, the only available pancreatic lipase inhibitor for the treatment of obesity is orlistat and it is derived from lipstatin which is produced by a microbe, Streptomyces toxytricini . Many pancreatic lipase inhibitors are reported from the plant sources and they can be classified in to saponins, phenols, terpenes, glycosides, alkaloids, carotenoids and polysaccharides. Plant pancreatic lipase inhibitors are reported to show the antiobesity effects in the animal models. However, there is no plant inhibitor in the clinical use. This review describes the different lipase inhibitors from plant sources and their effects on...
The Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Tinospora cordifolia (giloy) are rich sources of antioxidant... more The Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Tinospora cordifolia (giloy) are rich sources of antioxidant compounds and have been used for several decades to improve human health with relatively low side effects. The present research attempted to carry out the sensory and antioxidant activity evaluation of dried mixed paste powder of Z. officinale and T. cordifolia by establishing fuzzy logic, the newly proposed General Mathematical Formula (GMF) and the radical scavenging assay. Antioxidant activity was higher in the powder obtained in combinatorial process than the powders obtained in the separate processing of ginger or giloy. The sample containing powder, sugar and salt at 5, 5 and 1 % were more acceptable (good) and attributes generally fell under ‘important’ by both methods. Fuzzy logic and GMF results were matched perfectly for the category of samples, and quality attributes in general, and GMF method is simple and accurate for sensory evaluation.
Microgreens are a new type of edible fresh vegetable salad which are harvested before the cotyled... more Microgreens are a new type of edible fresh vegetable salad which are harvested before the cotyledons have fully developed but before the real leaves have entirely emerged. Being new to the market, appropriate substrates which are economical have yet to be established in order to increase production. In order to increase the yields of beet microgreens, this study tested natural synedrella residues (aerial parts) as a growing media component. This investigation was carried out in 2022 at the Prayoga campus in Bengaluru to assess the effects of synedrella residues combined with growth substrates on the yield and quality of beet microgreens grown in a greenhouse. The growth parameters analysed were germination rate, height, fresh and dried weight, and quality of beet microgreens (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, microbial safety) grown on substrates of synedrella residues, vermicompost, red soil and coco peat in different combinations. Results showed that the presence of Synedrella nod...
Antiviral Effects of Probiotic Metabolic Products and Herbal Extracts Against Coronavirus<br&g... more Antiviral Effects of Probiotic Metabolic Products and Herbal Extracts Against Coronavirus<br>The spread of Covid-19 disease due to lack of proper medication has turned into a pandemic demanding new antiviral medications for prevention of disease. Natural products have been playing an important role in the development of drugs for various diseases. Furthermore, the growing insight about promotion of health and disease prevention by gut microbiota has opened a new field for disease prevention. The traditional medicinal herbal extracts and some probiotic strains have shown potential effects against various coronavirus strains. In this regard, we have reviewed various non-specific treatment methods based on utilization of natural herbal extracts and some potential probiotics. The study revealed that natural compounds may prove useful in fighting COVID-19. We suggest that each infected patient should be evaluated for their nutritional status before the administration of these non-s...
Croatian journal of food science and technology, 2021
The present study analyses the drying kinetics and changes in qualities during hot air drying of ... more The present study analyses the drying kinetics and changes in qualities during hot air drying of betel leaf paste for the manufacturing of betel leaf paste powder. A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the changes in different properties, including physico-chemical properties, proximate composition and other functional properties. The betel leaf paste dried powders have longer shelf life than raw leaves. Drying of betel leaf paste was conducted in three different levels, i.e., 50, 70 and 80 °C, till the samples reached a constant weight. The samples dried at 80 °C and 70 °C, showed the lowest water activity 0.1, whereas the sample dried at 50 °C, showed the highest water activity of 0.15. The values of protein, fat, crude fibre and ash were observed a little higher in betel leaf powder dried at 70 °C, than in other drying temperatures. This increase in the composition may be the result of higher dry matter in dried powder and less drying time of paste and minimum degradation...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2019
Objectives: The present study was undertaken to screen pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of c... more Objectives: The present study was undertaken to screen pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of crude extracts of actinomycetes species isolated from the soil sediments of Periyar Tiger Reserve, Kerala. The identified lipase inhibitory activity was partially purified, and the selected isolate was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Methods: The preliminary screening for the extracellular lipase inhibitory activities of actinomycetes isolates was performed by inoculating the culture to the test tubes containing inoculation media in submerged condition. The lipase inhibitory activities were again evaluated based on secondary screening on the production media and the strain which produced consistent highest lipase inhibitory activity was selected for further studies. The crude extract from the selected strain was subjected to solvent extraction and partially purified by plain silica gel column (mesh size 100–200 μm; column 300 mm×18 mm) and eluted with different solvents in the increasi...
The Journal of general and applied microbiology, Jan 27, 2018
Bilirubin oxidase has applications in the health and environmental sectors. Hence, several attemp... more Bilirubin oxidase has applications in the health and environmental sectors. Hence, several attempts have been made to increase enzyme yields. However, improvements were not very high. We report here the development of a mutant strain of Myrothecium verrucaria by using UV-rays, which produced 28.8 times more enzyme compared with the parent and was higher than the yields reported in earlier submerged cultures. The mutant strain produced 35.6 times more enzyme than the parent in solid-state fermentation, which is better than that previously reported for a solid-state fermentation process. The specific activity of the enzyme produced by the mutant was higher than that of the parental enzyme. Bilirubin oxidase from both strains showed an optimum activity at pH 7 and 40°C. However, the time required to inactivate half of the initial enzyme activity at 60°C was much higher in the case of the enzyme obtained from the mutant compared with the parental enzyme. The improved thermostability of ...
International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2017
The Streptomyces tendae was grown in the submerged cultures and the lipase inhibitory activity wa... more The Streptomyces tendae was grown in the submerged cultures and the lipase inhibitory activity was assyed by using porcine pancreatic lipase. The inhibitory activity was extracted with ethyl acetate and purified by using HPLC. The inhibitory activity was characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and LCMS and its kinetic studies were done with Lineweaver-Burk plots. Lipase inhibitory activity was identified in the submerged cultures of S. tendae and its productivity was higher on the 7 th day of fermentation. This inhibitory activity was eluted into the diethyl ether fraction while purifying on silica gel chromatogram and purified compound showed a single peak on HPLC. The compound showed the λmax of 254 nm, IC50 of 147.58 μg/ml and mass of 254 amu. Mass suggested it as a small molecule. Kinetic studies suggested that this molecule inhibits the porcine pancreatic lipase in a competitive manner.
Abstract An amperometric ammonium biosensor based on alanine dehydrogenase of Bacillus subtilis a... more Abstract An amperometric ammonium biosensor based on alanine dehydrogenase of Bacillus subtilis and functionalized multiwalled carbonnanotubes was developed by using screen printed electrodes. The output current of the biosensor was increased around 2.4 times at 100 mM NH 4 + after the addition of functionalized multiwalled carbonnanotubes at the concentration of 0.1 μg/ml along with the enzyme. The biosensor showed much broader linearity range (0.05–500 mM NH 4 + ), better detection limit (0.001 mM NH 4 + ) and response time (30 s) due to the incorporation of the functionalized multiwalled carbonnanotubes. The cyclic voltammogram of enzyme-carbonnanotubes/carbon working electrode showed the output current at the oxidation peak, which was > 2 times higher compared to that of enzyme/carbon working electrode. This suggests the promotion of electron transfer from the enzyme to the working electrode by carbonnanotubes, which may act as electron transducers and rapidly transfer the electrons from the redox centre of the enzyme to the electrode, thereby improving the signal, response time and sensitivity. The sensor retained 89.93% of its initial output current after 119 days. The concentrations of NH 4 + detected by the biosensor were in close agreement with that of standard Nessler's reagent method suggesting the suitability of the present biosensor for the testing of water samples.
Methotrexate degrading enzymes are required to overcome the toxicity of the methotrexate while tr... more Methotrexate degrading enzymes are required to overcome the toxicity of the methotrexate while treating the cancer. The enzyme from Variovorax paradoxus converts the methotrexate in to non toxic products. Methotrexate degrading enzyme from V. paradoxus is a dimeric protein with a molecular mass of 46kDa and it acts on casein and gelatin. This enzyme is optimally active at pH 7.5 and 40°C and nanoparticles of this enzyme were prepared by desolvation-crosslinking method. Enzyme nanoparticles could degrade methotrexate faster than the native enzyme and they show lower Km compare to the native enzyme. Enzyme nanoparticles show better thermostability and they were stable for much longer time in the serum compare to the native enzyme. Enzyme nanoparticles show better functionality than the native enzyme while clearing the methotrexate added to the serum suggesting their advantage over the native enzyme for the therapeutic and biotechnological applications.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Jan 31, 2014
An autobiographic method based on the thin layer chromatogram was developed by using the chemical... more An autobiographic method based on the thin layer chromatogram was developed by using the chemical system that comprises p-Nitrophenyl butyrate and bromothymol blue for detecting the lipase inhibitor. Lipase inhibitory zones were visualized as blue spots against the greenish yellow background. This method could able to detect the well known lipase inhibitor, orlistat up to the concentration of 1ng which is better than the earlier method. This method could also able to detect the lipase inhibition activities from the un-explored species of Streptomyces. The developed method can be used not only for the screening of unknown samples for the lipase inhibitors but also for the purification of the lipase inhibitors from the unknown samples.
International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2017
Lipase inhibitory activity was confirmed in the submerged cultures of Streptomyces coelicolor dur... more Lipase inhibitory activity was confirmed in the submerged cultures of Streptomyces coelicolor during time course studies and addition of glycerol increased the production of this activity. Lipase inhibitory activity was increased with the increasing concentration of glycerol up to 2 %. There was a dramatic increase of the inhibitory activity on the 7 th day of the submerged batch fermentation. However, there was no significant increase in the biomass suggesting the secondary metabolite characteristic of the inhibitory activity. The presence of glycerol in the submerged cultures increased the inhibitory activity by 3.4 times compared to the control on the 7 th day. During fed-batch fermentation, feeding of glycerol to the submerged culture led to the increase of inhibitory activity by 9.7 times. These results suggest that glycerol can activate the pathways responsible for the production of the inhibitory activity. Improving the productivity of this lipase inhibitor will benefit the biotech and pharma sectors since this inhibitor can be a candidate for treating obesity due to its ability to inhibit lipase.
The degradation of the mixture of azo dyes by the developed bacterial consortium, photocatalytic ... more The degradation of the mixture of azo dyes by the developed bacterial consortium, photocatalytic process (TiO2/UV) and their combined effects were investigated in this study. The bacteria consortium was developed from waste disposal drains in the local textile dyeing industry. The consortium consists of two different bacteria which were identified as Stenotrophomonas pavanii and Bacillus licheniformis through 16S rDNA sequence alignment. The decolorization efficiency was estimated by spectrophotometry and it was observed that biological and photochemical methods alone could not effectively remove the dyes as the decolorization efficiency was low and the absorption peak in the UV region was not completely removed. After 5 days of incubation at 37°C, pH 7 and a dye concentration of 150 mg/L, the microbial dye degradation reached a decolorization efficiency of more than 55%. Additionally, the UV treatment alone was also able to decolorize the dye less than 20% at 45°C, pH 9 at 150 mg/L...
Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2021
Plants are the source of different lipase inhibitors and have complex matrices. Lipase inhibitors... more Plants are the source of different lipase inhibitors and have complex matrices. Lipase inhibitors from plant matrices can be directly detected on Bioautograms. In this study, a p-Nitrophenyl butyrate based bioautography was evaluated for the identification of lipase inhibitors from unexplored plants. Most of the unexplored plants were found to be positive for the lipase inhibitory activity. Leaf extracts of Lantana camara and Sorghum bicolor showed dark blue spots, whereas the floral extract of Lantana camara and seed extract of Areca catechu showed faint blue spots on the bioautogram suggesting the presence of higher or lower levels of lipase inhibitory activities respectively. Floral extract of Delonix regia showed the lipase inhibitory activity as a faint blue spot on the bioautogram which was not detected by the spectrophotometry. Hence, false negatives and false positives can be avoided with bioautography. Bioautographic assay was successfully validated by checking the lipase i...
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
Objective: To improve the parent strain of Variovorax paradoxus for the production of methotrexat... more Objective: To improve the parent strain of Variovorax paradoxus for the production of methotrexate (MTX) degrading enzyme and to study the serum stability, release kinetics and functionality of the nano complexes of the enzyme with human serum albumin (HSA) Methods: The activity of the enzyme was quantified by using the extinction coefficient of 8300 for the substrate, MTX. The mutant strain of V. paradoxus was isolated by exposing the cells to the UV light (302 nm) so that 50 % of the cells were killed. The enzyme was purified on DEAE-cellulose, and sephadex-G-100 columns and the purity of the enzyme was checked on 10 % SDS-polyacrylamide gel. The enzyme-HSA nano complexes were prepared by adopting desolvation-crosslinking method and their size was determined by using transmission electron microscope. Results: MTX degrading enzymes are required to avoid the toxicity of the MTX during the treatment of cancer. The enzyme from V. paradoxus converts the MTX into non-toxic glutamate and...
Obesity and its related disorders have become a major concern across the world. However, there ar... more Obesity and its related disorders have become a major concern across the world. However, there are only few medications for treating obesity. Reducing the fat absorption through the inhibition of pancreatic lipase has become most favorable strategy for treating obesity since pancreatic lipase is a safe target and its inhibition does not alter the central pathways. However, the only available pancreatic lipase inhibitor for the treatment of obesity is orlistat and it is derived from lipstatin which is produced by a microbe, Streptomyces toxytricini . Many pancreatic lipase inhibitors are reported from the plant sources and they can be classified in to saponins, phenols, terpenes, glycosides, alkaloids, carotenoids and polysaccharides. Plant pancreatic lipase inhibitors are reported to show the antiobesity effects in the animal models. However, there is no plant inhibitor in the clinical use. This review describes the different lipase inhibitors from plant sources and their effects on...
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