Raja Hussain, Ph.D.Author of Books: (The Dialogue Of Civilization Reality And Ambition) 2007, (El primer Contacto Entre Los Musulmanes y Los Cristianos En La Epoca Del Profeta Muhammed)2017, ( Monetary Reform During The Umayyed Caliphate And Its Influence On The State Of Economy And Administration) 2008 Articles: The Translation And Attraction Between The Islamic And Cristian Culture.(2018)2018 And a New Call For Islamic Cristian Dialogue.(2018) Multi-Culturism And Meeting Point.(2018)The Civil Dialogue In The Unified Islamic Arabic Media.(2018)The Vitality And The Unleash Freedom Of Thoughts.(2018) pre Islamic religions in the Arabian peninsula(2019)pre Islamic spread of Christian Arianism in Yemen, Najran and Hijaz.(2019) Address: Saudi Arabia
Abstract
This short paper deals with the rule of the Umayyad state over Khorasan, which was a ga... more Abstract
This short paper deals with the rule of the Umayyad state over Khorasan, which was a gateway to Muslim conquests towards the east. Khorasan is a large mountainous area, with many rivers and forests. After the Muslims conquered Khorasan, Arab tribes migrated to Khorasan and settled in it's cities. Such as: Balkh, Murr and Nishapur. Afterwards, Arab tribes mixed with the indigenous people. Resulting in the spread of Islam among believers of pagan religions, and Arabic and Islamic sciences. Also, the emergence of many scholars and public figures. Furthermore, the Umayyad state managed to make Khorasan a rich base to start the Islamic conquests to the Country Beyond the River. Nevertheless, this period in Khorasan was not easy. This is due to the fluctuations in political and military conditions, and the multiplicity of leaderships that depended on tribal loyalty. This matter helped create many revolts and opposition, which helped in the establishment of the Abbasid da`wa and elimination of the Umayyad state. We had relied on Arab and Islamic sources, especially books on history, biographies, dictionaries, literature, geography, and modern Arab foreign references. We ask God to benefit from this research the researchers, scholars in Arab and Islamic history.
It is no secret to scholars and researchers in Arab’s history before Islam that the religions in ... more It is no secret to scholars and researchers in Arab’s history before Islam that the religions in the Arabian Peninsula before Islam varied and differed. Some of them were the pre-Islamic religions, which included: Christianity, which was the last of the heavenly religions, before the Prophet's mission, which accounted for the largest number of followers when compared to other religions. And Judaism, which was almost confined to the Jewish people, as well as pagan religions, including: worship of idols and the worship of heavenly bodies and planets, which was spread throughout the Arabian Peninsula, as well as the worship of statues of some animals. Also, there are other acts of worship as a result of the mixing of Arabs with other peoples, such as the Persians, the Magi, the worshipers of fire. Among these religions and beliefs, the Arabs were influenced by Magusia and Muzdika. There was also mention of remnants of the Arabs who continued to worship the Hanafi religion of our master Abraham and his son Ismail peace be upon them. In this brief study, we have explained each religion on the basis of the importance of religions in the division, domination and start, not on the basis of how old these religions are. We relied heavily on Arabic and Islamic sources, especially history books, biographies, dictionaries, literature, geography and some modern Arab foreign references interested in this kind of research. We ask Allah to benefit with it the interested, researchers, scholars and readers in ancient Arab history.
This short research deals with information that may reveal some ambiguity about the spread of the... more This short research deals with information that may reveal some ambiguity about the spread of the Christian Arianism in Yemen and Najran and Hijaz in the fourth and fifth century AD. Although, the information is little about this doctrine and it’s spread in the Arabian Peninsula, no one denies that Christianity is one of the religions known in the peninsula and even taken by some as a faith, in addition to other religions: Judaism, Magusian, Mozdakia, the worship of planets, celestial bodies and idolatry, as documented in the Arabian and foreign sources and references that dealt with such kind of topics. We have relied heavily on Arabic and Islamic sources, especially history books, biographies, dictionaries, literature, geography and some modern Arabic foreign references interested in this kind of research. We ask Allah to benefit with this short research the interested, researchers, scholars and readers in Arab history in general and the history of the ancient Arabian Peninsula.
When will the Islamic Western dialogue succeed?
To answer that question, this book addresses the ... more When will the Islamic Western dialogue succeed? To answer that question, this book addresses the beginning of civilizational contact between Muslims and the West, the historical interpretation of civilizational dialogue in terms of its history, language, terminology, and derivations of its meanings in the Holy Quran, the vision of civilizational dialogue from an Islamic perspective, Western motives for conflict, obstacles facing civilizational dialogue, and factors that can contribute to the success of a Civilized dialogue between Muslims and the West.
This study entitled "Monetary Reform In The Umayyad Caliphate And its Influence On The State" Ec... more This study entitled "Monetary Reform In The Umayyad Caliphate And its Influence On The State" Economy And Administration During The Period ) 41-132H / 661-750AD( clarifies the historical and cultural importance of monitory reform in the Umayyad and the effect it left on the Umayyad State economically and administratively of which the most important effect was the State’s complete independence from foreign influences. The study also reveals the different meanings of the word “currency” in the Arabic language; the various kinds of monetary transactions and the kinds of currency that was rotated before the Umayyad era. In addition، it includes the explanation of the first attempts to mintage Islamic currencies in both the Umayyad and Rasheedy’s Era; the specification of the beginning of monetary reform; the discussion of the reasons that led Caliph Abdul-Malik Bin Marwan to take the decision to reform and the challenges which encountered him during this process. The study also illustrates the efforts made by his successors to secure the safety of the new Islamic and Arabic monitory basis، both gold and silver; investigates the forms of monetary reform by pointing out the original sources of the material of which the Arabic Islamic money was made of whether gold، silver or copper; and explains the methods by which the money was mintaged which also gave the currency its Arabic Islamic identification by adding Quranic verses، the Higra calendar and the name of the city where the money was mintaged. Models of the final forms and shapes of the Arabic Islamic currency that was rotated in the Islamic States is also given in the study ، with a follow up on the effects of the monetary reform on the economic progress in the Umyyad State agriculturally، industrially، commercially and administratively. The researcher followed the historical research method that depends greatly on collecting academic data from its original sources، in addition to using recent references that deal with the subject of the study with comparison and contrast based on neutrality and objectivity to achieve the academic goals of the study.
تناقش هذه الورقة الأهداف التي كانت وراء دعوة الرسول محمد الملوك والزعماء المسيحيين خارج الجزيرة و... more تناقش هذه الورقة الأهداف التي كانت وراء دعوة الرسول محمد الملوك والزعماء المسيحيين خارج الجزيرة وداخلها إلى الإسلام وردة فعلهم.
The paper discusses the Messages that were found and attributed to the Prophet Mohammed, Peace be... more The paper discusses the Messages that were found and attributed to the Prophet Mohammed, Peace be Upon Him, which he sent sent to the Christian kings which raised a lot of interest for researchers among them the Orientalists.......
This article deals with the relationship of the Prophet Muhammad with the Christian community wit... more This article deals with the relationship of the Prophet Muhammad with the Christian community with whom he lived during his lifetime, in part on the personal level before the prophecy and the other part on the diplomatic level after the prophecy.....
The subject of this research is "The Role of the People of the Book in the Murder of Caliph Umar ... more The subject of this research is "The Role of the People of the Book in the Murder of Caliph Umar Bin Al-Khattab" to search for the truth behind the assassination of Caliph Al-Faruq. The remaining mysterious and Unknown truth, even though some people tried to pick some of its strands and weave them together to reach it. It was not easy to find out the reasons that led the conspiratorial parties from the People of the Book to undermine Islam and Muslims as an expression of their hatred. Especially after the growth of the Islamic expansions and the fall of the Persian and Roman kingdoms during Caliph Umar's reign. The study relied on the events mentioned in the original sources of the Islamic history and civilization such as: books of the Islamic expansions, biographies and translations, etc. Also recent references offered the opinions of modern thinkers, such as the Orientalists, who cast their votes on the ambiguous events taking place before and after, the killing of Caliph Umar. The study also depended on the method of collecting, analyzing and comparing information to reach more details on the subject of the study. I hope to God that the results of the research benefit those interested in historical and civilizational studies.
Abstract
This short paper deals with the rule of the Umayyad state over Khorasan, which was a ga... more Abstract
This short paper deals with the rule of the Umayyad state over Khorasan, which was a gateway to Muslim conquests towards the east. Khorasan is a large mountainous area, with many rivers and forests. After the Muslims conquered Khorasan, Arab tribes migrated to Khorasan and settled in it's cities. Such as: Balkh, Murr and Nishapur. Afterwards, Arab tribes mixed with the indigenous people. Resulting in the spread of Islam among believers of pagan religions, and Arabic and Islamic sciences. Also, the emergence of many scholars and public figures. Furthermore, the Umayyad state managed to make Khorasan a rich base to start the Islamic conquests to the Country Beyond the River. Nevertheless, this period in Khorasan was not easy. This is due to the fluctuations in political and military conditions, and the multiplicity of leaderships that depended on tribal loyalty. This matter helped create many revolts and opposition, which helped in the establishment of the Abbasid da`wa and elimination of the Umayyad state. We had relied on Arab and Islamic sources, especially books on history, biographies, dictionaries, literature, geography, and modern Arab foreign references. We ask God to benefit from this research the researchers, scholars in Arab and Islamic history.
It is no secret to scholars and researchers in Arab’s history before Islam that the religions in ... more It is no secret to scholars and researchers in Arab’s history before Islam that the religions in the Arabian Peninsula before Islam varied and differed. Some of them were the pre-Islamic religions, which included: Christianity, which was the last of the heavenly religions, before the Prophet's mission, which accounted for the largest number of followers when compared to other religions. And Judaism, which was almost confined to the Jewish people, as well as pagan religions, including: worship of idols and the worship of heavenly bodies and planets, which was spread throughout the Arabian Peninsula, as well as the worship of statues of some animals. Also, there are other acts of worship as a result of the mixing of Arabs with other peoples, such as the Persians, the Magi, the worshipers of fire. Among these religions and beliefs, the Arabs were influenced by Magusia and Muzdika. There was also mention of remnants of the Arabs who continued to worship the Hanafi religion of our master Abraham and his son Ismail peace be upon them. In this brief study, we have explained each religion on the basis of the importance of religions in the division, domination and start, not on the basis of how old these religions are. We relied heavily on Arabic and Islamic sources, especially history books, biographies, dictionaries, literature, geography and some modern Arab foreign references interested in this kind of research. We ask Allah to benefit with it the interested, researchers, scholars and readers in ancient Arab history.
This short research deals with information that may reveal some ambiguity about the spread of the... more This short research deals with information that may reveal some ambiguity about the spread of the Christian Arianism in Yemen and Najran and Hijaz in the fourth and fifth century AD. Although, the information is little about this doctrine and it’s spread in the Arabian Peninsula, no one denies that Christianity is one of the religions known in the peninsula and even taken by some as a faith, in addition to other religions: Judaism, Magusian, Mozdakia, the worship of planets, celestial bodies and idolatry, as documented in the Arabian and foreign sources and references that dealt with such kind of topics. We have relied heavily on Arabic and Islamic sources, especially history books, biographies, dictionaries, literature, geography and some modern Arabic foreign references interested in this kind of research. We ask Allah to benefit with this short research the interested, researchers, scholars and readers in Arab history in general and the history of the ancient Arabian Peninsula.
When will the Islamic Western dialogue succeed?
To answer that question, this book addresses the ... more When will the Islamic Western dialogue succeed? To answer that question, this book addresses the beginning of civilizational contact between Muslims and the West, the historical interpretation of civilizational dialogue in terms of its history, language, terminology, and derivations of its meanings in the Holy Quran, the vision of civilizational dialogue from an Islamic perspective, Western motives for conflict, obstacles facing civilizational dialogue, and factors that can contribute to the success of a Civilized dialogue between Muslims and the West.
This study entitled "Monetary Reform In The Umayyad Caliphate And its Influence On The State" Ec... more This study entitled "Monetary Reform In The Umayyad Caliphate And its Influence On The State" Economy And Administration During The Period ) 41-132H / 661-750AD( clarifies the historical and cultural importance of monitory reform in the Umayyad and the effect it left on the Umayyad State economically and administratively of which the most important effect was the State’s complete independence from foreign influences. The study also reveals the different meanings of the word “currency” in the Arabic language; the various kinds of monetary transactions and the kinds of currency that was rotated before the Umayyad era. In addition، it includes the explanation of the first attempts to mintage Islamic currencies in both the Umayyad and Rasheedy’s Era; the specification of the beginning of monetary reform; the discussion of the reasons that led Caliph Abdul-Malik Bin Marwan to take the decision to reform and the challenges which encountered him during this process. The study also illustrates the efforts made by his successors to secure the safety of the new Islamic and Arabic monitory basis، both gold and silver; investigates the forms of monetary reform by pointing out the original sources of the material of which the Arabic Islamic money was made of whether gold، silver or copper; and explains the methods by which the money was mintaged which also gave the currency its Arabic Islamic identification by adding Quranic verses، the Higra calendar and the name of the city where the money was mintaged. Models of the final forms and shapes of the Arabic Islamic currency that was rotated in the Islamic States is also given in the study ، with a follow up on the effects of the monetary reform on the economic progress in the Umyyad State agriculturally، industrially، commercially and administratively. The researcher followed the historical research method that depends greatly on collecting academic data from its original sources، in addition to using recent references that deal with the subject of the study with comparison and contrast based on neutrality and objectivity to achieve the academic goals of the study.
تناقش هذه الورقة الأهداف التي كانت وراء دعوة الرسول محمد الملوك والزعماء المسيحيين خارج الجزيرة و... more تناقش هذه الورقة الأهداف التي كانت وراء دعوة الرسول محمد الملوك والزعماء المسيحيين خارج الجزيرة وداخلها إلى الإسلام وردة فعلهم.
The paper discusses the Messages that were found and attributed to the Prophet Mohammed, Peace be... more The paper discusses the Messages that were found and attributed to the Prophet Mohammed, Peace be Upon Him, which he sent sent to the Christian kings which raised a lot of interest for researchers among them the Orientalists.......
This article deals with the relationship of the Prophet Muhammad with the Christian community wit... more This article deals with the relationship of the Prophet Muhammad with the Christian community with whom he lived during his lifetime, in part on the personal level before the prophecy and the other part on the diplomatic level after the prophecy.....
The subject of this research is "The Role of the People of the Book in the Murder of Caliph Umar ... more The subject of this research is "The Role of the People of the Book in the Murder of Caliph Umar Bin Al-Khattab" to search for the truth behind the assassination of Caliph Al-Faruq. The remaining mysterious and Unknown truth, even though some people tried to pick some of its strands and weave them together to reach it. It was not easy to find out the reasons that led the conspiratorial parties from the People of the Book to undermine Islam and Muslims as an expression of their hatred. Especially after the growth of the Islamic expansions and the fall of the Persian and Roman kingdoms during Caliph Umar's reign. The study relied on the events mentioned in the original sources of the Islamic history and civilization such as: books of the Islamic expansions, biographies and translations, etc. Also recent references offered the opinions of modern thinkers, such as the Orientalists, who cast their votes on the ambiguous events taking place before and after, the killing of Caliph Umar. The study also depended on the method of collecting, analyzing and comparing information to reach more details on the subject of the study. I hope to God that the results of the research benefit those interested in historical and civilizational studies.
This study by the name of "Abdullah bin Saba, Real or Fiction" is based on the investigation and ... more This study by the name of "Abdullah bin Saba, Real or Fiction" is based on the investigation and comparison of texts to extract the truth of this mysterious historical figure and to answer the question of its origin, upbringing and the reason for the disagreement about its identity. Especially that some researchers considered it a figment of fiction due to need to do a thorough research in the Islamic sources. Also, the paper reviews the opinions of diverse group of provers of the existence of the character, among these provers were Sunnis, Shiites, and some Orientalists. The study also dealt with the timing of Ibn Saba's appearance among Muslims and the opinions of some contemporary Arab researchers on the reality of Abdullah bin Saba's existence. Furthermore, the sources and references used in this research have varied between authentic sources and modern Arab and foreign references that discussed the topic and expressed the writers' opinions regarding Ibn Saba existence, where he plotted and fabricated lies to overthrow the companions and plant conflict among them. All this to distort the heritage of our Islamic history.
It is no secret to scholars and researchers in Arab’s history before Islam that the religions in ... more It is no secret to scholars and researchers in Arab’s history before Islam that the religions in the Arabian Peninsula before Islam varied and differed. Some of them were the pre-Islamic religions, which included: Christianity, which was the last of the heavenly religions, before the Prophet's mission, which accounted for the largest number of followers when compared to other religions. And Judaism, which was almost confined to the Jewish people, as well as pagan religions, including: worship of idols and the worship of heavenly bodies and planets, which was spread throughout the Arabian Peninsula, as well as the worship of statues of some animals. Also, there are other acts of worship as a result of the mixing of Arabs with other peoples, such as the Persians, the Magi, the worshipers of fire. Among these religions and beliefs, the Arabs were influenced by Magusia and Muzdika. There was also mention of remnants of the Arabs who continued to worship the Hanafi religion of our master Abraham and his son Ismail peace be upon them. In this brief study, we have explained each religion on the basis of the importance of religions in the division, domination and start, not on the basis of how old these religions are. We relied heavily on Arabic and Islamic sources, especially history books, biographies, dictionaries, literature, geography and some modern Arab foreign references interested in this kind of research. We ask Allah to benefit with it the interested, researchers, scholars and readers in ancient Arab history.
Syriac - Christianity - Arianism - Arab Peninsula before Islam - Yemen - Hijaz - Arabs - Theophilus Christian - Jewish - Magusian - Mozdakia - Bartolomos - worship idols - statues - planets - celestial bodies - Christian chapels.
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This short paper deals with the rule of the Umayyad state over Khorasan, which was a gateway to Muslim conquests towards the east. Khorasan is a large mountainous area, with many rivers and forests. After the Muslims conquered Khorasan, Arab tribes migrated to Khorasan and settled in it's cities. Such as: Balkh, Murr and Nishapur. Afterwards, Arab tribes mixed with the indigenous people. Resulting in the spread of Islam among believers of pagan religions, and Arabic and Islamic sciences. Also, the emergence of many scholars and public figures. Furthermore, the Umayyad state managed to make Khorasan a rich base to start the Islamic conquests to the Country Beyond the River. Nevertheless, this period in Khorasan was not easy. This is due to the fluctuations in political and military conditions, and the multiplicity of leaderships that depended on tribal loyalty. This matter helped create many revolts and opposition, which helped in the establishment of the Abbasid da`wa and elimination of the Umayyad state. We had relied on Arab and Islamic sources, especially books on history, biographies, dictionaries, literature, geography, and modern Arab foreign references. We ask God to benefit from this research the researchers, scholars in Arab and Islamic history.
To answer that question, this book addresses the beginning of civilizational contact between Muslims and the West, the historical interpretation of civilizational dialogue in terms of its history, language, terminology, and derivations of its meanings in the Holy Quran, the vision of civilizational dialogue from an Islamic perspective, Western motives for conflict, obstacles facing civilizational dialogue, and factors that can contribute to the success of a Civilized dialogue between Muslims and the West.
وردة فعلهم.
among them the Orientalists.......
This short paper deals with the rule of the Umayyad state over Khorasan, which was a gateway to Muslim conquests towards the east. Khorasan is a large mountainous area, with many rivers and forests. After the Muslims conquered Khorasan, Arab tribes migrated to Khorasan and settled in it's cities. Such as: Balkh, Murr and Nishapur. Afterwards, Arab tribes mixed with the indigenous people. Resulting in the spread of Islam among believers of pagan religions, and Arabic and Islamic sciences. Also, the emergence of many scholars and public figures. Furthermore, the Umayyad state managed to make Khorasan a rich base to start the Islamic conquests to the Country Beyond the River. Nevertheless, this period in Khorasan was not easy. This is due to the fluctuations in political and military conditions, and the multiplicity of leaderships that depended on tribal loyalty. This matter helped create many revolts and opposition, which helped in the establishment of the Abbasid da`wa and elimination of the Umayyad state. We had relied on Arab and Islamic sources, especially books on history, biographies, dictionaries, literature, geography, and modern Arab foreign references. We ask God to benefit from this research the researchers, scholars in Arab and Islamic history.
To answer that question, this book addresses the beginning of civilizational contact between Muslims and the West, the historical interpretation of civilizational dialogue in terms of its history, language, terminology, and derivations of its meanings in the Holy Quran, the vision of civilizational dialogue from an Islamic perspective, Western motives for conflict, obstacles facing civilizational dialogue, and factors that can contribute to the success of a Civilized dialogue between Muslims and the West.
وردة فعلهم.
among them the Orientalists.......
Syriac - Christianity - Arianism - Arab Peninsula before Islam - Yemen - Hijaz - Arabs - Theophilus Christian - Jewish - Magusian - Mozdakia - Bartolomos - worship idols - statues - planets - celestial bodies - Christian chapels.