This datasheet on Tomato brown rugose fruit virus covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Disper... more This datasheet on Tomato brown rugose fruit virus covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Seedborne Aspects, Impacts, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
Summary Plant virus movement proteins (MPs) facilitate virus spread in their plant hosts, and som... more Summary Plant virus movement proteins (MPs) facilitate virus spread in their plant hosts, and some of them are known to target plasmodesmata (PD). However, how the MPs target PD is still largely unknown. Carrot mottle virus (CMoV) encodes the ORF3 and ORF4 proteins, which are involved in CMoV movement. In this study, we used CMoV as a model to study the PD targeting of a plant virus MP. We showed that the CMoV ORF4 protein, but not the ORF3 protein, modified PD and led to the virus movement. We found that the CMoV ORF4 protein interacts with the host cell small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) 1, 2 and the SUMO‐conjugating enzyme SCE1, resulting in the ORF4 protein SUMOylation. Downregulation of mRNAs for NbSCE1 and NbSUMO impaired CMoV infection. The SUMO‐interacting motifs (SIMs) LVIVF, VIWV, and a lysine residue at position 78 (K78) are required for the ORF4 protein SUMOylation. The mutation of these motifs prevented the protein to efficiently target PD, and further slowed or compl...
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), belonging to the genus Tobamovirus, is a highly virulen... more Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), belonging to the genus Tobamovirus, is a highly virulent emerging virus, causing disease outbreaks and significant crop losses worldwide. The growing number of ToBRFV epidemic episodes prompted the investigation of the role of seeds in the dissemination of the virus as an important aspect in the overall disease management. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the localization of ToBRFV within tomato seeds and to evaluate its seed transmission characteristics. Seeds extracted from naturally ToBRFV-infected tomato fruits were tested for the presence of the virus using serological, molecular, and biological assays. Three immunolocalization techniques were used to determine the localization and distribution of ToBRFV within the different tissues and parts of tomato seeds. To evaluate seed transmission of ToBRFV, two grow-out experiments were conducted to assess the rate of both vertical (seeds to progeny seedlings) and possi...
In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized using Punica granatum peel extr... more In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized using Punica granatum peel extract in one–step reaction at room temperature. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The UV-vis absorption spectrum shows an absorption band at 278 nm due to ZnO nanoparticles. XRD characterized the final product as highly crystalline ZnO with sizes in the range 10-40 nm. The SEM results reveal a presence of network of randomly oriented ZnO nanoplatelets with an average size of 40 nm and thicknesses of about 8 nm. This study determined the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on green peach aphid and antibacterial activity.
The present study investigated the effectiveness of an inexpensive and ecofriendly loquat bark as... more The present study investigated the effectiveness of an inexpensive and ecofriendly loquat bark as a biosorbent for the possible removal of toxic chromium ions from aqueous solution. In this study, the effects of biosorbent dose, pH, initial concentration, contact time, and temperature were examined. The biosorption data were fitted well by Langmuir isotherms. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption behavior of Cr(VI) onto loquat bark biosorbent was an endothermic process, resulting in higher biosorption capacities at higher temperatures. The negative values of G and positive values of H revealed that the biosorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The mean free energy (E) for the biosorption of Cr(VI) was determined from the Dubinin-Radushkevick equation indicated that the biosorption of chromium species onto loquat bark mainly proceeds through binding surface functional groups.
ABSTRACT The present study investigated the effectiveness of an inexpensive and eco-friendly loqu... more ABSTRACT The present study investigated the effectiveness of an inexpensive and eco-friendly loquat bark as a biosorbent for the possible removal of toxic lead, zinc, and cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. In this study, the effects of biosorbent dose, pH, initial concentration, contact time, and temperature were examined. The linear Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms, and both models fitted well. The monolayer adsorption capacity of of Pb(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) on loquat bark was found as 55.770, 29.447 and 28.802 mg g-1, respectively, at pH 4 and 30oC. Dubinin-Radush Kerich (D-R) isotherm model was also applied to equilibrium data. The mean free energy of adsorption of Pb(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) (5.596, 3.748 and 3.549 kJ/mol) onto loquat bark, respectively, may be carried out via physisorption mechanism. Loquat bark (LB) was found to remove Pb(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) ions efficiently from aqueous solutions with selectivity in the order of Pb(II) > Zn(II) > Cd(II). Keywords- Metal Ions; Biosorption; Loquat Bark; Aqueous Solutions; Isotherms I. INTRODUCTION Heavy metals are recognized as long-term hazardous contaminants because of their high toxicity, accumulation and retention in human body. Lead ranks second in the list of prioritized hazardous materials issued by US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Lead poisoning in human beings causes severe damage to the kidney, nervous system, liver and brain [1]. Major sources of lead, zinc, cadmium in environment are battery manufacturing, dyeing, plastic, metal plating, oil refining, melting of sulfides ore, and fossil fuels. The conventional methods for the removal of lead, zinc, and cadmium from water and wastewater include reverse osmosis, ion exchange, chemical precipitation electro dialysis, chemical oxidation and reduction, and filtration. All these methods are in this case either economically unfavorable or technically complicated and thus used only in special cases. Each of these methods has some limitations in practice. Problems with the aforementioned methods make it necessary to develop easily available inexpensive, ecofriendly, and equally effective alternatives for water and wastewater treatment. It has been reported that some agrowastes such as rice husk [2], wheat bran [3], lignite [4], and barley straws [5], have the capacity to adsorb and accumulate toxic heavy metals. Biosorption of heavy metals by bark samples, which are produced in large quantities as a solid waste is one of these alternative treatment methods. The use of different barks as biosorbents [6-13], has also been reported
The present paper is focused on green synthesis of high purity sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) and it... more The present paper is focused on green synthesis of high purity sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) and its effect on seed germination and seedling growth of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Synthesized SNPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The crystalline size of synthesized SNPs as calculated by Scherer equation was 40 nm. SEM analysis of the SNPs is in spherical shape and with a diameter size between 5-80 nm. In the present study, different concentrations of SNPs were used for the treatment of cucumber seeds to study the effect on bioavailability of seed germination and seedling growth of cucumber. The results of this experiment showed that an increase in concentrations of SNPs had significantly increased seed germination and seedling growth of cucumber.
In summer 2009, a survey for virus diseases in cucurbits was conducted in open fields and plastic... more In summer 2009, a survey for virus diseases in cucurbits was conducted in open fields and plastichouses in Khartoum State, the most important growing area for cucurbits in Sudan. Chlorosis and yellowing symptoms on middle and lower leaves were observed on many muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) plants grown in open fields in the Assilat agricultural scheme and on approximately 80% of the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants grown in plastichouses in Khartoum North. Large populations of whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci L.) were present in both locations. Leaf symptoms that were observed were similar to those caused by Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV), a recently described new Crinivirus species infecting cucurbits in Japan (4), indicating presence of this virus previously only reported from Japan, Taiwan (2), and China (1). Samples from seven symptomatic muskmelon leaves were collected from individual plants grown in different open fields in Assilat and from a symptomatic cucumber plant gr...
In view of promising adsorption efficiency of clay based materials, a modified iron-kaolin clay w... more In view of promising adsorption efficiency of clay based materials, a modified iron-kaolin clay was used as an adsorbent of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The effects of various experimental parameters, such as initial metal ions concentration, contact time, temperature and pH were investigated. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were applied to the experimental equilibrium data at different temperatures. The maximum adsorption capacities of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions were 76.92 and 75.19 (mg/g), respectively. Thermodynamic parameters such as the change of Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy of adsorption were also calculated and it was found that the lead and cadmium ions uptake by modified kaolin clay is endothermic and spontaneous in nature.
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was isolated from naturally infected lettuce grown in Jordan. Th... more Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was isolated from naturally infected lettuce grown in Jordan. This virus isolate (TSWV-J) was identified based on transmission studies, host range reaction, and serological tests. RTPCR was used for the detection of TSWV in infected plant tissues. Total RNA isolated from infected lettuce plants was subjected to RT-PCR using primers specific to the nucleocapsid (N) gene of TSWV and the amplified 620 bp product was cloned and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the RTPCR amplicon confirmed the Jordanian virus as an isolate of TSWV. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of TSWV in Jordan was investigated. The TSWV isolates shared high nucleotide sequence identity (93-99%) with those from other countries. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TSWV infection on lettuce in Jordan.
This datasheet on Tomato brown rugose fruit virus covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Disper... more This datasheet on Tomato brown rugose fruit virus covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Seedborne Aspects, Impacts, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
Summary Plant virus movement proteins (MPs) facilitate virus spread in their plant hosts, and som... more Summary Plant virus movement proteins (MPs) facilitate virus spread in their plant hosts, and some of them are known to target plasmodesmata (PD). However, how the MPs target PD is still largely unknown. Carrot mottle virus (CMoV) encodes the ORF3 and ORF4 proteins, which are involved in CMoV movement. In this study, we used CMoV as a model to study the PD targeting of a plant virus MP. We showed that the CMoV ORF4 protein, but not the ORF3 protein, modified PD and led to the virus movement. We found that the CMoV ORF4 protein interacts with the host cell small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) 1, 2 and the SUMO‐conjugating enzyme SCE1, resulting in the ORF4 protein SUMOylation. Downregulation of mRNAs for NbSCE1 and NbSUMO impaired CMoV infection. The SUMO‐interacting motifs (SIMs) LVIVF, VIWV, and a lysine residue at position 78 (K78) are required for the ORF4 protein SUMOylation. The mutation of these motifs prevented the protein to efficiently target PD, and further slowed or compl...
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), belonging to the genus Tobamovirus, is a highly virulen... more Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), belonging to the genus Tobamovirus, is a highly virulent emerging virus, causing disease outbreaks and significant crop losses worldwide. The growing number of ToBRFV epidemic episodes prompted the investigation of the role of seeds in the dissemination of the virus as an important aspect in the overall disease management. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the localization of ToBRFV within tomato seeds and to evaluate its seed transmission characteristics. Seeds extracted from naturally ToBRFV-infected tomato fruits were tested for the presence of the virus using serological, molecular, and biological assays. Three immunolocalization techniques were used to determine the localization and distribution of ToBRFV within the different tissues and parts of tomato seeds. To evaluate seed transmission of ToBRFV, two grow-out experiments were conducted to assess the rate of both vertical (seeds to progeny seedlings) and possi...
In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized using Punica granatum peel extr... more In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized using Punica granatum peel extract in one–step reaction at room temperature. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The UV-vis absorption spectrum shows an absorption band at 278 nm due to ZnO nanoparticles. XRD characterized the final product as highly crystalline ZnO with sizes in the range 10-40 nm. The SEM results reveal a presence of network of randomly oriented ZnO nanoplatelets with an average size of 40 nm and thicknesses of about 8 nm. This study determined the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on green peach aphid and antibacterial activity.
The present study investigated the effectiveness of an inexpensive and ecofriendly loquat bark as... more The present study investigated the effectiveness of an inexpensive and ecofriendly loquat bark as a biosorbent for the possible removal of toxic chromium ions from aqueous solution. In this study, the effects of biosorbent dose, pH, initial concentration, contact time, and temperature were examined. The biosorption data were fitted well by Langmuir isotherms. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption behavior of Cr(VI) onto loquat bark biosorbent was an endothermic process, resulting in higher biosorption capacities at higher temperatures. The negative values of G and positive values of H revealed that the biosorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The mean free energy (E) for the biosorption of Cr(VI) was determined from the Dubinin-Radushkevick equation indicated that the biosorption of chromium species onto loquat bark mainly proceeds through binding surface functional groups.
ABSTRACT The present study investigated the effectiveness of an inexpensive and eco-friendly loqu... more ABSTRACT The present study investigated the effectiveness of an inexpensive and eco-friendly loquat bark as a biosorbent for the possible removal of toxic lead, zinc, and cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. In this study, the effects of biosorbent dose, pH, initial concentration, contact time, and temperature were examined. The linear Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms, and both models fitted well. The monolayer adsorption capacity of of Pb(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) on loquat bark was found as 55.770, 29.447 and 28.802 mg g-1, respectively, at pH 4 and 30oC. Dubinin-Radush Kerich (D-R) isotherm model was also applied to equilibrium data. The mean free energy of adsorption of Pb(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) (5.596, 3.748 and 3.549 kJ/mol) onto loquat bark, respectively, may be carried out via physisorption mechanism. Loquat bark (LB) was found to remove Pb(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) ions efficiently from aqueous solutions with selectivity in the order of Pb(II) > Zn(II) > Cd(II). Keywords- Metal Ions; Biosorption; Loquat Bark; Aqueous Solutions; Isotherms I. INTRODUCTION Heavy metals are recognized as long-term hazardous contaminants because of their high toxicity, accumulation and retention in human body. Lead ranks second in the list of prioritized hazardous materials issued by US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Lead poisoning in human beings causes severe damage to the kidney, nervous system, liver and brain [1]. Major sources of lead, zinc, cadmium in environment are battery manufacturing, dyeing, plastic, metal plating, oil refining, melting of sulfides ore, and fossil fuels. The conventional methods for the removal of lead, zinc, and cadmium from water and wastewater include reverse osmosis, ion exchange, chemical precipitation electro dialysis, chemical oxidation and reduction, and filtration. All these methods are in this case either economically unfavorable or technically complicated and thus used only in special cases. Each of these methods has some limitations in practice. Problems with the aforementioned methods make it necessary to develop easily available inexpensive, ecofriendly, and equally effective alternatives for water and wastewater treatment. It has been reported that some agrowastes such as rice husk [2], wheat bran [3], lignite [4], and barley straws [5], have the capacity to adsorb and accumulate toxic heavy metals. Biosorption of heavy metals by bark samples, which are produced in large quantities as a solid waste is one of these alternative treatment methods. The use of different barks as biosorbents [6-13], has also been reported
The present paper is focused on green synthesis of high purity sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) and it... more The present paper is focused on green synthesis of high purity sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) and its effect on seed germination and seedling growth of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Synthesized SNPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The crystalline size of synthesized SNPs as calculated by Scherer equation was 40 nm. SEM analysis of the SNPs is in spherical shape and with a diameter size between 5-80 nm. In the present study, different concentrations of SNPs were used for the treatment of cucumber seeds to study the effect on bioavailability of seed germination and seedling growth of cucumber. The results of this experiment showed that an increase in concentrations of SNPs had significantly increased seed germination and seedling growth of cucumber.
In summer 2009, a survey for virus diseases in cucurbits was conducted in open fields and plastic... more In summer 2009, a survey for virus diseases in cucurbits was conducted in open fields and plastichouses in Khartoum State, the most important growing area for cucurbits in Sudan. Chlorosis and yellowing symptoms on middle and lower leaves were observed on many muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) plants grown in open fields in the Assilat agricultural scheme and on approximately 80% of the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants grown in plastichouses in Khartoum North. Large populations of whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci L.) were present in both locations. Leaf symptoms that were observed were similar to those caused by Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV), a recently described new Crinivirus species infecting cucurbits in Japan (4), indicating presence of this virus previously only reported from Japan, Taiwan (2), and China (1). Samples from seven symptomatic muskmelon leaves were collected from individual plants grown in different open fields in Assilat and from a symptomatic cucumber plant gr...
In view of promising adsorption efficiency of clay based materials, a modified iron-kaolin clay w... more In view of promising adsorption efficiency of clay based materials, a modified iron-kaolin clay was used as an adsorbent of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The effects of various experimental parameters, such as initial metal ions concentration, contact time, temperature and pH were investigated. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were applied to the experimental equilibrium data at different temperatures. The maximum adsorption capacities of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions were 76.92 and 75.19 (mg/g), respectively. Thermodynamic parameters such as the change of Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy of adsorption were also calculated and it was found that the lead and cadmium ions uptake by modified kaolin clay is endothermic and spontaneous in nature.
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was isolated from naturally infected lettuce grown in Jordan. Th... more Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was isolated from naturally infected lettuce grown in Jordan. This virus isolate (TSWV-J) was identified based on transmission studies, host range reaction, and serological tests. RTPCR was used for the detection of TSWV in infected plant tissues. Total RNA isolated from infected lettuce plants was subjected to RT-PCR using primers specific to the nucleocapsid (N) gene of TSWV and the amplified 620 bp product was cloned and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the RTPCR amplicon confirmed the Jordanian virus as an isolate of TSWV. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of TSWV in Jordan was investigated. The TSWV isolates shared high nucleotide sequence identity (93-99%) with those from other countries. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TSWV infection on lettuce in Jordan.
Uploads
Papers by Nida Salem