Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Aug 19, 2014
ABSTRACT Genome scan was done with 439 dominant marker loci to identify outlier loci in three pop... more ABSTRACT Genome scan was done with 439 dominant marker loci to identify outlier loci in three populations of Morus alba from the trans-Himalayan region. Employing finite and hierarchical island population genetic models, we detected 30 (6.85%) loci under selection, of which 3.64% were under directional selection and 3.19% under balancing selection. The hierarchical island model was efficient in detecting signatures of natural selection with low occurrence of false positives. Data showed significant spatial genetic structure (SGS), especially in population from Nubra valley with significantly high SGS. Bayesian approach revealed high genetic differentiation and inbreeding in Nubra population. Indus and Suru valleys populations showed comparatively low SGS, genetic differentiation and inbreeding. The study showed that M. alba falls in the range of mixed mating and outcrossing species. However, the population of Nubra valley showed selfing with high SGS. Significant SGS strengthens the presence of natural selection in M. alba natural populations.
Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie, Dec 1, 2014
ABSTRACT Thirty seven genotypes of Morus alba L. from the trans-Himalaya with white, pink and bla... more ABSTRACT Thirty seven genotypes of Morus alba L. from the trans-Himalaya with white, pink and black fruit were studied to find out variability and relationship of fruit color and sampling location with total antioxidant capacity, total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total anthocyanin content (TAC) in fruit. The ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) ranged from 34.2 to 46.2 μmol Fe(II)/g DW. TPC ranged from 1.8 to 8.3 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW. The TFC ranged from 0.4 to 0.9 mg quercetin equivalent/g DW. Two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that fruit color has no significant relationship with TPC and TAC. However, fruit color showed inconsistent effect on antioxidant capacity as determined by different methods. Sampling location has significant effect on antioxidant capacity, TPC, TFC and TAC. Interaction between fruit color and sampling location showed significant effect on antioxidant capacity and TAC. The study therefore showed that source of genotypes from different sampling location is more important as compare to fruit color in determining antioxidant capacity, TPC, TFC and TAC in M. alba fruit from the trans-Himalaya.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Nov 1, 2006
In order to utilize the psyllium husk, a medicinally important natural polysaccharide, for develo... more In order to utilize the psyllium husk, a medicinally important natural polysaccharide, for developing the novel hydrogels for the controlled drug delivery device, we have prepared psyllium and N-hydroxymethylacrylamide based polymeric networks by using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (N,N'-MBAAm) as crosslinker. The polymeric networks thus formed were characterized with scanning electron micrography (SEM), FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques to study various structural aspects of the networks and also with the swelling response of the polymeric networks as a function of time, temperature, pH and [NaCl]. Equilibrium swelling has been observed to depend on both structural aspects of the polymers and environmental factors. Maximum P(s) 748.3 was observed at 13.0 x 10(-3)mol/L of [N,N'-MBAAm] in 0.5M NaOH solution. The release dynamics of model drugs (salicylic acid and tetracycline hydrochloride) from hydrogels has also been discussed, for the evaluation of the release mechanism and diffusion coefficients. The effect of pH on the release pattern of tetracycline has been studied by varying the pH of the release medium. In release medium of pH 7.4 buffer the release pattern of tetracycline drastically changes to the extent that mechanism of drug diffusion shifted from non-Fickian diffusion to Fickian diffusion. It has been observed that diffusion exponent "n" have 0.71, 0.67 and 0.52 values and gel characteristic constant 'k' have 1.552 x 10(-2), 2.291 x 10(-2) and 5.309 x 10(-2) values in distilled water, pH 2.2 buffer and pH 7.4 buffer, respectively, for tetracycline release. In solution of pH 7.4 buffer, the rate of polymer chain relaxation was more as compare to the rate of drug diffusion from these hydrogels and it follows Fick's law of diffusion. The value of the initial diffusion coefficient for the release of tetracycline hydrochloride was higher than the value of late time diffusion coefficient in each release medium indicating that in the start, the diffusion of drug from the polymeric matrix was fast as compare to the latter stages.
ABSTRACT Early sex determination of dioecious plants is essential for successful genetic improvem... more ABSTRACT Early sex determination of dioecious plants is essential for successful genetic improvement and commercial cultivation. Male and female seabuckthorn plants are morphologically similar and cannot be distinguished prior to 3–4 years of growth, i.e., at the time of flowering. India has three species of seabuckthorn namely Hippophae rhamnoides, Hippophae salicifolia and Hippophae tibetana. Applicability of sex linked SCAR markers HrX1 and HrX2 developed for H. rhamnoides were tested in H. salicifolia and H. tibetana using H. rhamnoides as control. HrX1 produced female specific amplification in both H. salicifolia and H. tibetana while HrX2 did not amplify except for H. rhamnoides. Sequence based analysis of amplified SCAR marker products HrX1, HsX1 and HtX1 has shown homology with known plant acyl CoA ligases.
Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Aug 19, 2014
ABSTRACT Genome scan was done with 439 dominant marker loci to identify outlier loci in three pop... more ABSTRACT Genome scan was done with 439 dominant marker loci to identify outlier loci in three populations of Morus alba from the trans-Himalayan region. Employing finite and hierarchical island population genetic models, we detected 30 (6.85%) loci under selection, of which 3.64% were under directional selection and 3.19% under balancing selection. The hierarchical island model was efficient in detecting signatures of natural selection with low occurrence of false positives. Data showed significant spatial genetic structure (SGS), especially in population from Nubra valley with significantly high SGS. Bayesian approach revealed high genetic differentiation and inbreeding in Nubra population. Indus and Suru valleys populations showed comparatively low SGS, genetic differentiation and inbreeding. The study showed that M. alba falls in the range of mixed mating and outcrossing species. However, the population of Nubra valley showed selfing with high SGS. Significant SGS strengthens the presence of natural selection in M. alba natural populations.
Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie, Dec 1, 2014
ABSTRACT Thirty seven genotypes of Morus alba L. from the trans-Himalaya with white, pink and bla... more ABSTRACT Thirty seven genotypes of Morus alba L. from the trans-Himalaya with white, pink and black fruit were studied to find out variability and relationship of fruit color and sampling location with total antioxidant capacity, total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total anthocyanin content (TAC) in fruit. The ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) ranged from 34.2 to 46.2 μmol Fe(II)/g DW. TPC ranged from 1.8 to 8.3 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW. The TFC ranged from 0.4 to 0.9 mg quercetin equivalent/g DW. Two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that fruit color has no significant relationship with TPC and TAC. However, fruit color showed inconsistent effect on antioxidant capacity as determined by different methods. Sampling location has significant effect on antioxidant capacity, TPC, TFC and TAC. Interaction between fruit color and sampling location showed significant effect on antioxidant capacity and TAC. The study therefore showed that source of genotypes from different sampling location is more important as compare to fruit color in determining antioxidant capacity, TPC, TFC and TAC in M. alba fruit from the trans-Himalaya.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Nov 1, 2006
In order to utilize the psyllium husk, a medicinally important natural polysaccharide, for develo... more In order to utilize the psyllium husk, a medicinally important natural polysaccharide, for developing the novel hydrogels for the controlled drug delivery device, we have prepared psyllium and N-hydroxymethylacrylamide based polymeric networks by using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (N,N'-MBAAm) as crosslinker. The polymeric networks thus formed were characterized with scanning electron micrography (SEM), FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques to study various structural aspects of the networks and also with the swelling response of the polymeric networks as a function of time, temperature, pH and [NaCl]. Equilibrium swelling has been observed to depend on both structural aspects of the polymers and environmental factors. Maximum P(s) 748.3 was observed at 13.0 x 10(-3)mol/L of [N,N'-MBAAm] in 0.5M NaOH solution. The release dynamics of model drugs (salicylic acid and tetracycline hydrochloride) from hydrogels has also been discussed, for the evaluation of the release mechanism and diffusion coefficients. The effect of pH on the release pattern of tetracycline has been studied by varying the pH of the release medium. In release medium of pH 7.4 buffer the release pattern of tetracycline drastically changes to the extent that mechanism of drug diffusion shifted from non-Fickian diffusion to Fickian diffusion. It has been observed that diffusion exponent "n" have 0.71, 0.67 and 0.52 values and gel characteristic constant 'k' have 1.552 x 10(-2), 2.291 x 10(-2) and 5.309 x 10(-2) values in distilled water, pH 2.2 buffer and pH 7.4 buffer, respectively, for tetracycline release. In solution of pH 7.4 buffer, the rate of polymer chain relaxation was more as compare to the rate of drug diffusion from these hydrogels and it follows Fick's law of diffusion. The value of the initial diffusion coefficient for the release of tetracycline hydrochloride was higher than the value of late time diffusion coefficient in each release medium indicating that in the start, the diffusion of drug from the polymeric matrix was fast as compare to the latter stages.
ABSTRACT Early sex determination of dioecious plants is essential for successful genetic improvem... more ABSTRACT Early sex determination of dioecious plants is essential for successful genetic improvement and commercial cultivation. Male and female seabuckthorn plants are morphologically similar and cannot be distinguished prior to 3–4 years of growth, i.e., at the time of flowering. India has three species of seabuckthorn namely Hippophae rhamnoides, Hippophae salicifolia and Hippophae tibetana. Applicability of sex linked SCAR markers HrX1 and HrX2 developed for H. rhamnoides were tested in H. salicifolia and H. tibetana using H. rhamnoides as control. HrX1 produced female specific amplification in both H. salicifolia and H. tibetana while HrX2 did not amplify except for H. rhamnoides. Sequence based analysis of amplified SCAR marker products HrX1, HsX1 and HtX1 has shown homology with known plant acyl CoA ligases.
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