PurposeAlthough the extant literature has already recognised the negative impact of homebound res... more PurposeAlthough the extant literature has already recognised the negative impact of homebound responsibilities on women's entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is yet to know whether and how the family has any other role in women's businesses during this critical period. This research aims to explore the patronising and patriarchal roles of the family regarding women's small businesses in a developing nation during the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThis feminist study is based on the interviews of women business-owners of a highly patriarchal developing nation, Bangladesh. During the period of the interview, Bangladesh was one of the top ten regions of the world in terms of the identified coronavirus cases.FindingsThe research unveils work-family enrichment by illustrating the help of family members in meeting the challenges of the pandemic period regarding women's certain business activities, such as the innovative production process. Besides, the ...
There is growing attention to analyse the influence of gender upon women’s entrepreneurship. None... more There is growing attention to analyse the influence of gender upon women’s entrepreneurship. Nonetheless, the body of literature almost entirely concentrates on developed nations, specifically on the USA and Europe. The research context for the thesis is Bangladesh, a South Asian developing nation, where there was a government initiative to support small businesses of women through bank loans. Recognising that entrepreneurship is a social phenomenon, it is important to explore how gender subordination is articulated in the experiences of women business-owners in developing countries. Placing women at the centre of the study, this feminist standpoint research undertook interviews with 21 Bangladeshi women business-owners. Considering finance as a major area of entrepreneurship, this thesis analyses the influence of gender upon women business-owners’ access to debt finance in the context of a patriarchal developing nation. To address this aim, the study investigates the family as well...
This research critically analyses patriarchal practices of male family members in terms of social... more This research critically analyses patriarchal practices of male family members in terms of social relationships in businesses of women. The extant literature, which seeks to explore the negative influences of the family on women’s entrepreneurship, mostly revolves around the impact of patriarchal segregation of work on businesses. As such, it concentrates almost exclusively on the aspect of material gains through domestic responsibilities and childcare of women at the household sphere. This feminist study takes the debate forward with novel insights on how menfolk of the family dominate, oppress and exploit women by directly getting involved in small businesses of women in a highly patriarchal developing nation, Bangladesh. From the interviews of the women business-owners, it is established that businesses of some women are adversely affected by male relatives’ social practices that are not tied to the domestic modes of production. Thus, the article significantly contributes to the understanding on gender subordination in women’s entrepreneurship from the narrow concentration on material gains of male family members to a more nuanced view of social practices.
While networking is crucial for accessing information of women entrepreneurs, this issue has been... more While networking is crucial for accessing information of women entrepreneurs, this issue has been overlooked in developing nations. Exploring women business‐owners' networks for gathering bank loans related information is particularly significant for those developing countries where the government has taken an initiative to financially support women for their empowerment. Based on the interviews of women business‐owners in Bangladesh, this study explores their access to information concerning the development programme in terms of special bank loans. This research yields valuable insights concerning the nature and dynamics of informal and formal networks of women in gathering bank loans related information. Thus, within the context of development programmes, this research substantially contributes to the understanding of women's networking in developing nations. It also provides valuable suggestions for policy practitioners to empower women through development programmes.
AbstractWithin the unique context of COVID-19, this feminist research provides novel insights on ... more AbstractWithin the unique context of COVID-19, this feminist research provides novel insights on how gender-specific issues are articulated in the experiences of women concerning their small businesses in a patriarchal developing nation Based on the interviews of women business-owners in Bangladesh, this research reveals diversified gendered experiences of women at the private and public spheres in continuing the business operation during the pandemic period It also unveils patriarchal practices regarding women's discontinuing or closing down the ventures due to the COVID-19 crisis Thus, the research substantially advances the understanding on the influence of gender on women's continuing or discontinuing or even closing down their businesses in a highly patriarchal developing nation during the pandemic period It further offers important suggestions for policy practitioners in supporting women business-owners of the patriarchal developing nation during the COVID-19 pandemic This article is protected by copyright All rights reserved
In Bangladesh the majority of the population, particularly the rural people are poverty stricken.... more In Bangladesh the majority of the population, particularly the rural people are poverty stricken. This study assesses the possibility of addressing poverty through an advanced technology of broiler rearing model which ensures high participation of rural women, protects the environment and secures from harmful or unnecessary residual effects on human health. Bangladesh Rural Enterprise and Agricultural Project-II (BREAD-II) of Winrock International, a non-profit organization has introduced this model. The present study focuses on the impact of this model on rural household income through comparing profitability of broiler farms adopting this model compared to those of non-adopters. This comparative study confirmed higher profit of BREAD-II Model of broiler rearing which eventually indicates that it can be considered as an effective tool for poverty alleviation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.17365 Progress. Agric. 19(1): 143 - 153, 2008
PurposeWhereas the extant literature on women's entrepreneurship is almost exclusively focuse... more PurposeWhereas the extant literature on women's entrepreneurship is almost exclusively focused on developed nations, the effect of many context-specific issues of other countries on ventures of women has been overlooked. The study aims to reveal how political unrest, a common feature of the developing nation, can significantly affect the experiences of women in small businesses of that region.Design/methodology/approachThis feminist research is conducted on Bangladesh, which is one of the most politically unstable countries in the world. The study conducts interviews with women to explore the adverse effect of political unrest on their small firms.FindingsThe feminist research reveals some problems of women business-owners concerning political unrest in this highly patriarchal context. It also discloses how political chaos challenges the government initiative in financially supporting women business-owners.Practical implicationsPolicymakers of developing nations can be benefitte...
This research explores how a financing practice of the dominant society is contested in an indige... more This research explores how a financing practice of the dominant society is contested in an indigenous context. Considering a traditional handloom business of indigenous women in a South Asian country, Bangladesh, this article investigates into the collateral practices in accessing bank loans. Based on an extensive literature review, it reveals that the normal practice of providing collateral places constraints for accessing loans and provides a scope for conflicts with dominant society. In so doing, it significantly extends the view beyond the issue of discrimination for the non-dominant society. The broader contribution of the paper is to underscore the impact of historical, traditional and cultural aspects on debt financing for small businesses.
Research in entrepreneurship is mostly concentrated on two specific developed areas – Europe and ... more Research in entrepreneurship is mostly concentrated on two specific developed areas – Europe and North America. Investigation in other parts of the world is extremely limited, whereas entrepreneurship is potentially contributing to these economies. To comprehend entrepreneurship in a more nuanced way, researchers have already made calls to incorporate context specific aspects of comparatively under explored regions, that can be absent in or substantially different from the western developed economies. Yet to date, there is no systematic analysis to explore how context specificities of these regions are contributing to the extant literature by providing insightful findings. With a notion to advance the understanding of entrepreneurship research, based on a comprehensive literature review, this article identifies the key contextual features of the existing studies, and building upon the critical analysis, it demonstrate a way forward. Literature review Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Smal...
Concerning the income generation of children, studies on developing nations are almost exclusivel... more Concerning the income generation of children, studies on developing nations are almost exclusively concentrated on child labor. Nonetheless, this research extends the view by revealing how a number of poor children were engaged in businesses to maintain their subsistence in the context of Bangladesh. Thus, it introduces ‘Child Entrepreneurs’ in the extant literature with the diversities and complexities of their ventures. Further, it discloses the reasons for and the consequences of entrepreneurial efforts in the personal lives of the children. It should be highlighted that these children were less than 12 years old, when they were not legally allowed to be engaged in any form of employment. Nevertheless, whilst apparently, the entrepreneurs are essentially adults, this study potentially contributes to the prevailing knowledge by introducing these children as entrepreneurs. Key w ords: Child Entrepreneurs, Entrepreneurship, Child Labor, Developing Nations, Bangladesh.
This research explores how a financing practice of the dominant society is contested in an indige... more This research explores how a financing practice of the dominant society is contested in an indigenous context. Considering a traditional handloom business of indigenous women in a South Asian country, Bangladesh, this article investigates into the collateral practices in accessing bank loans. Based on an extensive literature review, it reveals that the normal practice of providing collateral places constraints for accessing loans and provides a scope for conflicts with dominant society. In so doing, it significantly extends the view beyond the issue of discrimination for the non-dominant society. The broader contribution of the paper is to underscore the impact of historical, traditional and cultural aspects on debt financing for small businesses.
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship (Emerald), 2021
Purpose-Whereas the extant literature on women's entrepreneurship is almost exclusively focused o... more Purpose-Whereas the extant literature on women's entrepreneurship is almost exclusively focused on developed nations, the effect of many context-specific issues of other countries on ventures of women has been overlooked. The study aims to reveal how political unrest, a common feature of the developing nation, can significantly affect the experiences of women in small businesses of that region. Design/methodology/approach-This feminist research is conducted on Bangladesh, which is one of the most politically unstable countries in the world. The study conducts interviews with women to explore the adverse effect of political unrest on their small firms. Findings-The feminist research reveals some problems of women business-owners concerning political unrest in this highly patriarchal context. It also discloses how political chaos challenges the government initiative in financially supporting women business-owners. Practical implications-Policymakers of developing nations can be benefitted by taking into account the problems of women business-owners concerning political unrest, specifically the access to debt financing issues while designing policies for women's empowerment. Originality/value-The article contributes to the women's entrepreneurship scholarship with reference to political unrest, a contextual issue of developing nations. Whereas the existing studies mostly concentrate on holding women individually liable for the limited scale of their business operation, this research potentially challenges the view by drawing upon political unrest as an external factor that negatively affects their ventures. The study further advances the prevailing knowledge by critically unveiling some gender-specific problems of women business-owners regarding political unrest.
Within the unique context of COVID‐19, this feminist research provides novel insights on how gend... more Within the unique context of COVID‐19, this feminist research provides novel insights on how gender‐specific issues are articulated in the experiences of women concerning their small businesses in a patriarchal developing nation. Based on the interviews of women business‐owners in Bangladesh, this research reveals the diversified gendered experiences of women in private and public spheres in continuing their business operations during the pandemic period. It also unveils patriarchal practices regarding women's discontinuing or closing down ventures due to the COVID‐19 crisis. Thus, the research substantially advances the understanding on the influence of gender on women's continuing or discontinuing or even closing down their businesses in a highly patriarchal developing nation during the pandemic period. It further offers important suggestions for policy practitioners in supporting women business‐owners of patriarchal developing nations during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
PurposeAlthough the extant literature has already recognised the negative impact of homebound res... more PurposeAlthough the extant literature has already recognised the negative impact of homebound responsibilities on women's entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is yet to know whether and how the family has any other role in women's businesses during this critical period. This research aims to explore the patronising and patriarchal roles of the family regarding women's small businesses in a developing nation during the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThis feminist study is based on the interviews of women business-owners of a highly patriarchal developing nation, Bangladesh. During the period of the interview, Bangladesh was one of the top ten regions of the world in terms of the identified coronavirus cases.FindingsThe research unveils work-family enrichment by illustrating the help of family members in meeting the challenges of the pandemic period regarding women's certain business activities, such as the innovative production process. Besides, the ...
There is growing attention to analyse the influence of gender upon women’s entrepreneurship. None... more There is growing attention to analyse the influence of gender upon women’s entrepreneurship. Nonetheless, the body of literature almost entirely concentrates on developed nations, specifically on the USA and Europe. The research context for the thesis is Bangladesh, a South Asian developing nation, where there was a government initiative to support small businesses of women through bank loans. Recognising that entrepreneurship is a social phenomenon, it is important to explore how gender subordination is articulated in the experiences of women business-owners in developing countries. Placing women at the centre of the study, this feminist standpoint research undertook interviews with 21 Bangladeshi women business-owners. Considering finance as a major area of entrepreneurship, this thesis analyses the influence of gender upon women business-owners’ access to debt finance in the context of a patriarchal developing nation. To address this aim, the study investigates the family as well...
This research critically analyses patriarchal practices of male family members in terms of social... more This research critically analyses patriarchal practices of male family members in terms of social relationships in businesses of women. The extant literature, which seeks to explore the negative influences of the family on women’s entrepreneurship, mostly revolves around the impact of patriarchal segregation of work on businesses. As such, it concentrates almost exclusively on the aspect of material gains through domestic responsibilities and childcare of women at the household sphere. This feminist study takes the debate forward with novel insights on how menfolk of the family dominate, oppress and exploit women by directly getting involved in small businesses of women in a highly patriarchal developing nation, Bangladesh. From the interviews of the women business-owners, it is established that businesses of some women are adversely affected by male relatives’ social practices that are not tied to the domestic modes of production. Thus, the article significantly contributes to the understanding on gender subordination in women’s entrepreneurship from the narrow concentration on material gains of male family members to a more nuanced view of social practices.
While networking is crucial for accessing information of women entrepreneurs, this issue has been... more While networking is crucial for accessing information of women entrepreneurs, this issue has been overlooked in developing nations. Exploring women business‐owners' networks for gathering bank loans related information is particularly significant for those developing countries where the government has taken an initiative to financially support women for their empowerment. Based on the interviews of women business‐owners in Bangladesh, this study explores their access to information concerning the development programme in terms of special bank loans. This research yields valuable insights concerning the nature and dynamics of informal and formal networks of women in gathering bank loans related information. Thus, within the context of development programmes, this research substantially contributes to the understanding of women's networking in developing nations. It also provides valuable suggestions for policy practitioners to empower women through development programmes.
AbstractWithin the unique context of COVID-19, this feminist research provides novel insights on ... more AbstractWithin the unique context of COVID-19, this feminist research provides novel insights on how gender-specific issues are articulated in the experiences of women concerning their small businesses in a patriarchal developing nation Based on the interviews of women business-owners in Bangladesh, this research reveals diversified gendered experiences of women at the private and public spheres in continuing the business operation during the pandemic period It also unveils patriarchal practices regarding women's discontinuing or closing down the ventures due to the COVID-19 crisis Thus, the research substantially advances the understanding on the influence of gender on women's continuing or discontinuing or even closing down their businesses in a highly patriarchal developing nation during the pandemic period It further offers important suggestions for policy practitioners in supporting women business-owners of the patriarchal developing nation during the COVID-19 pandemic This article is protected by copyright All rights reserved
In Bangladesh the majority of the population, particularly the rural people are poverty stricken.... more In Bangladesh the majority of the population, particularly the rural people are poverty stricken. This study assesses the possibility of addressing poverty through an advanced technology of broiler rearing model which ensures high participation of rural women, protects the environment and secures from harmful or unnecessary residual effects on human health. Bangladesh Rural Enterprise and Agricultural Project-II (BREAD-II) of Winrock International, a non-profit organization has introduced this model. The present study focuses on the impact of this model on rural household income through comparing profitability of broiler farms adopting this model compared to those of non-adopters. This comparative study confirmed higher profit of BREAD-II Model of broiler rearing which eventually indicates that it can be considered as an effective tool for poverty alleviation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.17365 Progress. Agric. 19(1): 143 - 153, 2008
PurposeWhereas the extant literature on women's entrepreneurship is almost exclusively focuse... more PurposeWhereas the extant literature on women's entrepreneurship is almost exclusively focused on developed nations, the effect of many context-specific issues of other countries on ventures of women has been overlooked. The study aims to reveal how political unrest, a common feature of the developing nation, can significantly affect the experiences of women in small businesses of that region.Design/methodology/approachThis feminist research is conducted on Bangladesh, which is one of the most politically unstable countries in the world. The study conducts interviews with women to explore the adverse effect of political unrest on their small firms.FindingsThe feminist research reveals some problems of women business-owners concerning political unrest in this highly patriarchal context. It also discloses how political chaos challenges the government initiative in financially supporting women business-owners.Practical implicationsPolicymakers of developing nations can be benefitte...
This research explores how a financing practice of the dominant society is contested in an indige... more This research explores how a financing practice of the dominant society is contested in an indigenous context. Considering a traditional handloom business of indigenous women in a South Asian country, Bangladesh, this article investigates into the collateral practices in accessing bank loans. Based on an extensive literature review, it reveals that the normal practice of providing collateral places constraints for accessing loans and provides a scope for conflicts with dominant society. In so doing, it significantly extends the view beyond the issue of discrimination for the non-dominant society. The broader contribution of the paper is to underscore the impact of historical, traditional and cultural aspects on debt financing for small businesses.
Research in entrepreneurship is mostly concentrated on two specific developed areas – Europe and ... more Research in entrepreneurship is mostly concentrated on two specific developed areas – Europe and North America. Investigation in other parts of the world is extremely limited, whereas entrepreneurship is potentially contributing to these economies. To comprehend entrepreneurship in a more nuanced way, researchers have already made calls to incorporate context specific aspects of comparatively under explored regions, that can be absent in or substantially different from the western developed economies. Yet to date, there is no systematic analysis to explore how context specificities of these regions are contributing to the extant literature by providing insightful findings. With a notion to advance the understanding of entrepreneurship research, based on a comprehensive literature review, this article identifies the key contextual features of the existing studies, and building upon the critical analysis, it demonstrate a way forward. Literature review Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Smal...
Concerning the income generation of children, studies on developing nations are almost exclusivel... more Concerning the income generation of children, studies on developing nations are almost exclusively concentrated on child labor. Nonetheless, this research extends the view by revealing how a number of poor children were engaged in businesses to maintain their subsistence in the context of Bangladesh. Thus, it introduces ‘Child Entrepreneurs’ in the extant literature with the diversities and complexities of their ventures. Further, it discloses the reasons for and the consequences of entrepreneurial efforts in the personal lives of the children. It should be highlighted that these children were less than 12 years old, when they were not legally allowed to be engaged in any form of employment. Nevertheless, whilst apparently, the entrepreneurs are essentially adults, this study potentially contributes to the prevailing knowledge by introducing these children as entrepreneurs. Key w ords: Child Entrepreneurs, Entrepreneurship, Child Labor, Developing Nations, Bangladesh.
This research explores how a financing practice of the dominant society is contested in an indige... more This research explores how a financing practice of the dominant society is contested in an indigenous context. Considering a traditional handloom business of indigenous women in a South Asian country, Bangladesh, this article investigates into the collateral practices in accessing bank loans. Based on an extensive literature review, it reveals that the normal practice of providing collateral places constraints for accessing loans and provides a scope for conflicts with dominant society. In so doing, it significantly extends the view beyond the issue of discrimination for the non-dominant society. The broader contribution of the paper is to underscore the impact of historical, traditional and cultural aspects on debt financing for small businesses.
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship (Emerald), 2021
Purpose-Whereas the extant literature on women's entrepreneurship is almost exclusively focused o... more Purpose-Whereas the extant literature on women's entrepreneurship is almost exclusively focused on developed nations, the effect of many context-specific issues of other countries on ventures of women has been overlooked. The study aims to reveal how political unrest, a common feature of the developing nation, can significantly affect the experiences of women in small businesses of that region. Design/methodology/approach-This feminist research is conducted on Bangladesh, which is one of the most politically unstable countries in the world. The study conducts interviews with women to explore the adverse effect of political unrest on their small firms. Findings-The feminist research reveals some problems of women business-owners concerning political unrest in this highly patriarchal context. It also discloses how political chaos challenges the government initiative in financially supporting women business-owners. Practical implications-Policymakers of developing nations can be benefitted by taking into account the problems of women business-owners concerning political unrest, specifically the access to debt financing issues while designing policies for women's empowerment. Originality/value-The article contributes to the women's entrepreneurship scholarship with reference to political unrest, a contextual issue of developing nations. Whereas the existing studies mostly concentrate on holding women individually liable for the limited scale of their business operation, this research potentially challenges the view by drawing upon political unrest as an external factor that negatively affects their ventures. The study further advances the prevailing knowledge by critically unveiling some gender-specific problems of women business-owners regarding political unrest.
Within the unique context of COVID‐19, this feminist research provides novel insights on how gend... more Within the unique context of COVID‐19, this feminist research provides novel insights on how gender‐specific issues are articulated in the experiences of women concerning their small businesses in a patriarchal developing nation. Based on the interviews of women business‐owners in Bangladesh, this research reveals the diversified gendered experiences of women in private and public spheres in continuing their business operations during the pandemic period. It also unveils patriarchal practices regarding women's discontinuing or closing down ventures due to the COVID‐19 crisis. Thus, the research substantially advances the understanding on the influence of gender on women's continuing or discontinuing or even closing down their businesses in a highly patriarchal developing nation during the pandemic period. It further offers important suggestions for policy practitioners in supporting women business‐owners of patriarchal developing nations during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
The study critically analyses patriarchal practices of male family members of women business-owne... more The study critically analyses patriarchal practices of male family members of women business-owners of a highly patriarchal developing context of Bangladesh. The extant literature on gender subordination is mostly concentrated on developed nations. The literature, that seeks to explore the negative roles of family, is almost exclusively focused on the adverse impact of domestic responsibility and childcare of women on their businesses. Nevertheless, this feminist study on Bangladesh provides novel insights on how menfolk of the family exercise patriarchy by directly getting involved in the businesses of women. The interviews of women business-owners unveils that, in many cases, the patriarchal issues of male relatives are not related to the demand of the marital or maternal roles of women; the negative practices are executed because of the deep rooted patriarchal norms. Thus, this study significantly contributes to the field of women’s entrepreneurship by advancing the understanding on patriarchal practices of male family members within the context of a highly patriarchal developing nation.
British Academy of Management at: Portsmouth, The UK, 2015
The research on experiences of women business-owners remains concentrated mostly upon developed n... more The research on experiences of women business-owners remains concentrated mostly upon developed nations rather than upon developing nations. However, the literature grounded on western context regarding debt finance of women business-owners is focused on a debate around whether there exists any discrimination from the part of the bank or other factors are liable for the differential behaviour of bank towards women business-owners but it does not consider the role of family in this lending process. Nonetheless, in a highly patriarchal developing nation, like Bangladesh, where family is regarded as a major source of oppression, in accessing bank loans family members needs to be investigated. This study, therefore, explores the patriarchal experiences of women in relation to family members and analyzes how these experiences are produced or reproduced through access to debt finance at the growth stage of businesses from the context of a developing nation.
Inner resources: the roles of reflexivity, self-awareness and emotional responses in the work of the academic researcher at: Birkbeck, University of London, The UK, 2015
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Papers by Jasmine Jaim
developing nation, like Bangladesh, where family is regarded as a major source of oppression, in accessing bank loans family members needs to be investigated. This study, therefore, explores the patriarchal experiences of women in relation to family members and
analyzes how these experiences are produced or reproduced through access to debt finance at the growth stage of businesses from the context of a developing nation.