As a result of the rapid growth in wireless communications and the increase in the number of user... more As a result of the rapid growth in wireless communications and the increase in the number of users of cellular phones around the world, massive multi-output, and multi-input (massive MIMO) systems have been used. The main drawback of such a system is the increase in the number of antennas and the amount of energy consumed. To mitigate that the number of active antennas can be reduced to save some energy. In this paper, we will study different algorithms for choosing the suitable antennas in MIMO systems, subject to keeping an acceptable level of bit rate and energy efficiency in the system. The study will also consider the amount of complexity for each algorithm based on the consumed time to perform each algorithm in MATLAB.
In this paper, we provide a comprehensive study and comparison of the energy consumption and bit-... more In this paper, we provide a comprehensive study and comparison of the energy consumption and bit-rate of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless devices using multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM). Both spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing (SM) are examined and compared under the assumption of perfect channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. The transmit energy is derived under a target probability of error ${p_{eb}}$ at the receiver. The transmit energy and transceiver circuit energy are then utilized to study energy tradeoffs for MIMO diversity and SM. We observe that the amount of energy savings for diversity orders two and three is steeper than that of higher diversity orders. On the other hand, SM provides a linear increase in the overall bit rate along with receiver diversity due to maximum likelihood detection. Using these results, we create a diversity-SM tradeoff for energy consumption vs. bit-rate. Using these results our proposed scheme can save around $ 4 $ dB in energy consumption while achieving the highest bit rate after full SM at ${{p_{eb}}} =10^{-3}$.
2018 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)
The growing demand for high spectral efficiency in 5G communication systems imposes greater energ... more The growing demand for high spectral efficiency in 5G communication systems imposes greater energy consumption requirements in wireless handsets. Using spectrally efficient modulations such as multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) introduces challenging requirements for the power amplifier (PA), which consumes the most energy in a wireless handset, and degrades the PA efficiency because of a higher peak-to-average ratio (PAR). In this paper, the impact of using MQAM on the energy dissipation of the PA is examined by capturing the impact of modulation order, PA type, and roll-off factor, along with all corresponding parameters such as PA drain efficiency, the modulation PAR, and the PAR due to the roll-off factor of the transmission pulse. We then investigate different methods for reducing the impact of PAR on PA efficiency. Our results also show that a roll-off factor of 0.42 for a square-root raised cosine (SRRC) pulse can be considered as the optimum choice for wireless communication systems in terms of energy and spectral efficiency. Further, our results show that the linearity and efficiency of class AB PAs can be maintained for very high modulation orders in 5G systems.
2018 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), 2018
In this paper, we provide a comprehensive study and comparison of the impact of both multiple-inp... more In this paper, we provide a comprehensive study and comparison of the impact of both multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and massive MIMO techniques, at the base station (BS), on the energy consumption versus bit rate performance of a multi-antenna wireless handset. Both spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing (SM) are examined and compared for both known and unknown channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. For the diversity case, our results show that for a BS with four or more receive antennas, there is little to be gained in terms of energy efficiency at the wireless handset by having more than one transmit antenna. For the SMcase with conventional MIMO, the bit rate increases linearly with Nt at the cost of additional energy consumption at the handset due to the absence of diversity gain. For massive MIMO, however, the excess receive antennas provide a diversity gain in a SM scheme thus allowing a high bit rate without sacrificing energy efficiency at the handset and even with no needs of CSI knowledge.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021
As a result of the rapid growth in wireless communications and the increase in the number of user... more As a result of the rapid growth in wireless communications and the increase in the number of users of cellular phones around the world, massive multi-output, and multi-input (massive MIMO) systems have been used. The main drawback of such a system is the increase in the number of antennas and the amount of energy consumed. To mitigate that the number of active antennas can be reduced to save some energy. In this paper, we will study different algorithms for choosing the suitable antennas in MIMO systems, subject to keeping an acceptable level of bit rate and energy efficiency in the system. The study will also consider the amount of complexity for each algorithm based on the consumed time to perform each algorithm in MATLAB.
2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2015
In this paper, a comprehensive model has been provided to study the energy consumption of wireles... more In this paper, a comprehensive model has been provided to study the energy consumption of wireless cellular devices, by analyzing the relationship between the modulation order and energy consumption of the power amplifier (PA) and other circuits in radio frequency transceivers. Two types of energy consumption for PAs are studied in detail: transmitted energy, which is provided to the antenna to transmit data, and energy dissipated as a heat. First, the transmitted energy is studied along with different modulation orders for different distances between the transmitter and receiver. Next, the dissipated energy with all corresponding parameters such as peak to average ratio (PAR) and the drain efficiency of the PA is discussed. Other circuits are examined to show that the energy of these circuits--unlike other models in the literature--change with modulation order. The results reinforce the idea that increasing the modulation order leads to higher energy consumption in the RF transceiver for large distance. The results also show that the energy dissipated due to PAR and drain efficiency is larger than the transmitted energy.
ABSTRACT In this paper, a compact band-notch UWB antenna with CPW-fed is presented. A band notch ... more ABSTRACT In this paper, a compact band-notch UWB antenna with CPW-fed is presented. A band notch antenna is designed by etching a band resonance hexagonal shape in the radiation element of the conventional UWB antenna. This antenna is capable of reducing the interference at the WLAN bands by eliminating the 5 -5.7 GHz band. The proposed antenna has compact size of 16 x 26 mm'. This miniature size provides a good radiation patterns with mono-polar characteristics. In this designed antenna, the gain is suppressed very well in the desired WLANbands.
Iraqi Journal for Electrical And Electronic Engineering
In this paper two theoretical models have been considered for the prediction of path loss for two... more In this paper two theoretical models have been considered for the prediction of path loss for two different districts in Mosul city, using MATLAB 7.4 program. The Walfisch-Ikegami (W-I) model for uniform heights and similar buildings in the Karama district. The other model is Okumura-Hata (OH) model applied for irregular and dissimilar buildings in the Almajmoa'a district. The information buildings heights are obtained from the civil Eng. Depart. in Mosul university. In this paper it can be shown that The effect of distance in regular area (karama) on path loss is about 10 dB larger than irregular area (Almajmoa'a), and The effect of varying antenna height in regular area (karama) on path loss is about 7 dB greater than irregular area (Almajmoa'a) for 40 meter variation.
Abstract The term fading, in the context of mobile communications, refers to the interference cau... more Abstract The term fading, in the context of mobile communications, refers to the interference caused by the reception of numerous scattered copies of a given signal at an antenna. Fading can produce significant random variations of signal power—in the scale of 10s of ...
As a result of the rapid growth in wireless communications and the increase in the number of user... more As a result of the rapid growth in wireless communications and the increase in the number of users of cellular phones around the world, massive multi-output, and multi-input (massive MIMO) systems have been used. The main drawback of such a system is the increase in the number of antennas and the amount of energy consumed. To mitigate that the number of active antennas can be reduced to save some energy. In this paper, we will study different algorithms for choosing the suitable antennas in MIMO systems, subject to keeping an acceptable level of bit rate and energy efficiency in the system. The study will also consider the amount of complexity for each algorithm based on the consumed time to perform each algorithm in MATLAB.
In this paper, we provide a comprehensive study and comparison of the energy consumption and bit-... more In this paper, we provide a comprehensive study and comparison of the energy consumption and bit-rate of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless devices using multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM). Both spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing (SM) are examined and compared under the assumption of perfect channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. The transmit energy is derived under a target probability of error ${p_{eb}}$ at the receiver. The transmit energy and transceiver circuit energy are then utilized to study energy tradeoffs for MIMO diversity and SM. We observe that the amount of energy savings for diversity orders two and three is steeper than that of higher diversity orders. On the other hand, SM provides a linear increase in the overall bit rate along with receiver diversity due to maximum likelihood detection. Using these results, we create a diversity-SM tradeoff for energy consumption vs. bit-rate. Using these results our proposed scheme can save around $ 4 $ dB in energy consumption while achieving the highest bit rate after full SM at ${{p_{eb}}} =10^{-3}$.
2018 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)
The growing demand for high spectral efficiency in 5G communication systems imposes greater energ... more The growing demand for high spectral efficiency in 5G communication systems imposes greater energy consumption requirements in wireless handsets. Using spectrally efficient modulations such as multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) introduces challenging requirements for the power amplifier (PA), which consumes the most energy in a wireless handset, and degrades the PA efficiency because of a higher peak-to-average ratio (PAR). In this paper, the impact of using MQAM on the energy dissipation of the PA is examined by capturing the impact of modulation order, PA type, and roll-off factor, along with all corresponding parameters such as PA drain efficiency, the modulation PAR, and the PAR due to the roll-off factor of the transmission pulse. We then investigate different methods for reducing the impact of PAR on PA efficiency. Our results also show that a roll-off factor of 0.42 for a square-root raised cosine (SRRC) pulse can be considered as the optimum choice for wireless communication systems in terms of energy and spectral efficiency. Further, our results show that the linearity and efficiency of class AB PAs can be maintained for very high modulation orders in 5G systems.
2018 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), 2018
In this paper, we provide a comprehensive study and comparison of the impact of both multiple-inp... more In this paper, we provide a comprehensive study and comparison of the impact of both multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and massive MIMO techniques, at the base station (BS), on the energy consumption versus bit rate performance of a multi-antenna wireless handset. Both spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing (SM) are examined and compared for both known and unknown channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. For the diversity case, our results show that for a BS with four or more receive antennas, there is little to be gained in terms of energy efficiency at the wireless handset by having more than one transmit antenna. For the SMcase with conventional MIMO, the bit rate increases linearly with Nt at the cost of additional energy consumption at the handset due to the absence of diversity gain. For massive MIMO, however, the excess receive antennas provide a diversity gain in a SM scheme thus allowing a high bit rate without sacrificing energy efficiency at the handset and even with no needs of CSI knowledge.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021
As a result of the rapid growth in wireless communications and the increase in the number of user... more As a result of the rapid growth in wireless communications and the increase in the number of users of cellular phones around the world, massive multi-output, and multi-input (massive MIMO) systems have been used. The main drawback of such a system is the increase in the number of antennas and the amount of energy consumed. To mitigate that the number of active antennas can be reduced to save some energy. In this paper, we will study different algorithms for choosing the suitable antennas in MIMO systems, subject to keeping an acceptable level of bit rate and energy efficiency in the system. The study will also consider the amount of complexity for each algorithm based on the consumed time to perform each algorithm in MATLAB.
2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2015
In this paper, a comprehensive model has been provided to study the energy consumption of wireles... more In this paper, a comprehensive model has been provided to study the energy consumption of wireless cellular devices, by analyzing the relationship between the modulation order and energy consumption of the power amplifier (PA) and other circuits in radio frequency transceivers. Two types of energy consumption for PAs are studied in detail: transmitted energy, which is provided to the antenna to transmit data, and energy dissipated as a heat. First, the transmitted energy is studied along with different modulation orders for different distances between the transmitter and receiver. Next, the dissipated energy with all corresponding parameters such as peak to average ratio (PAR) and the drain efficiency of the PA is discussed. Other circuits are examined to show that the energy of these circuits--unlike other models in the literature--change with modulation order. The results reinforce the idea that increasing the modulation order leads to higher energy consumption in the RF transceiver for large distance. The results also show that the energy dissipated due to PAR and drain efficiency is larger than the transmitted energy.
ABSTRACT In this paper, a compact band-notch UWB antenna with CPW-fed is presented. A band notch ... more ABSTRACT In this paper, a compact band-notch UWB antenna with CPW-fed is presented. A band notch antenna is designed by etching a band resonance hexagonal shape in the radiation element of the conventional UWB antenna. This antenna is capable of reducing the interference at the WLAN bands by eliminating the 5 -5.7 GHz band. The proposed antenna has compact size of 16 x 26 mm'. This miniature size provides a good radiation patterns with mono-polar characteristics. In this designed antenna, the gain is suppressed very well in the desired WLANbands.
Iraqi Journal for Electrical And Electronic Engineering
In this paper two theoretical models have been considered for the prediction of path loss for two... more In this paper two theoretical models have been considered for the prediction of path loss for two different districts in Mosul city, using MATLAB 7.4 program. The Walfisch-Ikegami (W-I) model for uniform heights and similar buildings in the Karama district. The other model is Okumura-Hata (OH) model applied for irregular and dissimilar buildings in the Almajmoa'a district. The information buildings heights are obtained from the civil Eng. Depart. in Mosul university. In this paper it can be shown that The effect of distance in regular area (karama) on path loss is about 10 dB larger than irregular area (Almajmoa'a), and The effect of varying antenna height in regular area (karama) on path loss is about 7 dB greater than irregular area (Almajmoa'a) for 40 meter variation.
Abstract The term fading, in the context of mobile communications, refers to the interference cau... more Abstract The term fading, in the context of mobile communications, refers to the interference caused by the reception of numerous scattered copies of a given signal at an antenna. Fading can produce significant random variations of signal power—in the scale of 10s of ...
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