Zakaria Virk is a Canadian historian of history of science as developed in the Muslim world during medieval times. He has authored/translated 20 books in English and Urdu, five of which are on the life of Nobel Laureate Dr Abdus Salam. Many of his books are available online @ apnaorg.com . He is blessed with two sons and eight grandchildren. He lives in Toronto (Maple) with his wife of 47 years. He loves to travel, bike ride and walking. Address: Maple, Ontario, Canada
... 956) visited India and wrote about Hindu beliefs, their history from legends, and complimente... more ... 956) visited India and wrote about Hindu beliefs, their history from legends, and complimented ... This compendium asserted great influence in India from 12th to the 15th century. ... on medicine 4. Bahr-ul-Manafia: 1794 by Maulood Muhammad, dedicated to Tipu Sultan, treatise on ...
This chapter discusses how the Amish have been a part of the New York scene for nearly two hundre... more This chapter discusses how the Amish have been a part of the New York scene for nearly two hundred years. The first Amish settlers to the Empire State came from the French province of Lorraine. In several ways, these first settlers set the pattern for Amish settlement in New York. First, they were fleeing troubles in their homeland—due to Napoleon's military exploits, the pacifist French Amish had lost their military exemption. Moreover, like many who have come since, the French Amish came to New York to obtain cheap, available land. Finally, in making New York State their home, these Amish settlers and their descendants demonstrated how a group's response to particular events, social developments, personalities, and faith uniquely shapes its practices and its interaction with the surrounding society.
This book consists of 64 articles about Nobel Laureate Dr Abdus Salam (1979 in Physics). Some of ... more This book consists of 64 articles about Nobel Laureate Dr Abdus Salam (1979 in Physics). Some of the writers are his colleagues, friends, students, journalists and historians.
This articles looks at libraries of the Muslim world over a period of 1000 years. Books publishin... more This articles looks at libraries of the Muslim world over a period of 1000 years. Books publishing, book trade, and associated trades are described. Muslim Kings and Queens and Sultans were great bibliophiles.
This paper traces the history of Islamic renaissance that took place in Baghdad in the 8th centur... more This paper traces the history of Islamic renaissance that took place in Baghdad in the 8th century and lasted for well over 500 years. Life and achievements of Muslim scholars are provided who contributed in 7 branches of knowledge.
In this paper life of India's eminent astronomer of 20th century has been detailed. Dr. Saleh All... more In this paper life of India's eminent astronomer of 20th century has been detailed. Dr. Saleh Alladin was leading astronomer of India who earned his P.hd from Chicago. Besides books he authored hundreds of articles, both on science and religious subjects. His specialized in galaxies.
Muslim contributions to six branches of knowledge have been presented in this paper. Later on var... more Muslim contributions to six branches of knowledge have been presented in this paper. Later on various reasons have been discussed for the decline of sciences in the Muslim World.
Between 800-1300 Islamic World produced over 60 eye doctors, and surgeons. These scholars produce... more Between 800-1300 Islamic World produced over 60 eye doctors, and surgeons. These scholars produced remarkable books on ophthalmology which will be considered to encyclopedias today. They invented new techniques, operated on eyes, introduced new drugs, described various eye ailments, their treatments. Their books are still being translated into European languages which speaks for their usefulness and immortality. This is one field of medicine in which Muslim scholars made most of the contributions.
Dr. Abdus Salam was the first Muslim scientist who won the Nobel prize in 1979 for his unificatio... more Dr. Abdus Salam was the first Muslim scientist who won the Nobel prize in 1979 for his unification of electromagnetic force with weak nuclear force. Besides being a scientist of highest caliber, he was passionate advocate of popularization of science in third world, in particular in Islamic countries. This article examines his efforts in this regard, while looking at benefits of science to developing countries. He was founder of a world class scientific institute in Trieste, Italy which has trained thousands of scientists. He was notable Muslim physicist after Ibn al-Haitham who lived 1000 years ago.
For 700 years Muslims were at the forefront of knowledge, scientific discoveries, inventions and ... more For 700 years Muslims were at the forefront of knowledge, scientific discoveries, inventions and writing scientific treatises. Many of the ideas presented or discoveries made by Muslim scholars came to Europe via Spain and Sicily, later they were attributed to European scholars. This article look at some of these ideas, inventions and discoveries.
This is a biography of Muslim world's first Nobel Laureate Dr. Prof Abdus Salam, composed by a Pa... more This is a biography of Muslim world's first Nobel Laureate Dr. Prof Abdus Salam, composed by a Pakistani physicist Dr Mujahid Kamran.
This is biography of renowned Muslim physician of Iran during the middle ages. His magnum opus Ki... more This is biography of renowned Muslim physician of Iran during the middle ages. His magnum opus Kitab al-Hawi was used as a text book in European Universities for centuries. He was the first one to compose a treatise on diseases of the children. His early life, his works, his students, his methods of treatment, his views on treatment, and his famous sayings have been discussed in the article.
during the Muslim rule in India which lasted around 850 years, science was not ingored, it was de... more during the Muslim rule in India which lasted around 850 years, science was not ingored, it was developed to the full extent by local scientists, as well as those who migrated from Iran, Samarkand and Afghanistan. Science was patronized by Kings, rulers and Sultans. Books on science were written, inventions were made which were helpful in the uplift of the society.
Discoveries, theories, ideas presented by Muslim scientists were later employed by European scien... more Discoveries, theories, ideas presented by Muslim scientists were later employed by European scientists for the advancement of science. This paper highlights such discoveries, theories that impacted European science
... 956) visited India and wrote about Hindu beliefs, their history from legends, and complimente... more ... 956) visited India and wrote about Hindu beliefs, their history from legends, and complimented ... This compendium asserted great influence in India from 12th to the 15th century. ... on medicine 4. Bahr-ul-Manafia: 1794 by Maulood Muhammad, dedicated to Tipu Sultan, treatise on ...
This chapter discusses how the Amish have been a part of the New York scene for nearly two hundre... more This chapter discusses how the Amish have been a part of the New York scene for nearly two hundred years. The first Amish settlers to the Empire State came from the French province of Lorraine. In several ways, these first settlers set the pattern for Amish settlement in New York. First, they were fleeing troubles in their homeland—due to Napoleon's military exploits, the pacifist French Amish had lost their military exemption. Moreover, like many who have come since, the French Amish came to New York to obtain cheap, available land. Finally, in making New York State their home, these Amish settlers and their descendants demonstrated how a group's response to particular events, social developments, personalities, and faith uniquely shapes its practices and its interaction with the surrounding society.
This book consists of 64 articles about Nobel Laureate Dr Abdus Salam (1979 in Physics). Some of ... more This book consists of 64 articles about Nobel Laureate Dr Abdus Salam (1979 in Physics). Some of the writers are his colleagues, friends, students, journalists and historians.
This articles looks at libraries of the Muslim world over a period of 1000 years. Books publishin... more This articles looks at libraries of the Muslim world over a period of 1000 years. Books publishing, book trade, and associated trades are described. Muslim Kings and Queens and Sultans were great bibliophiles.
This paper traces the history of Islamic renaissance that took place in Baghdad in the 8th centur... more This paper traces the history of Islamic renaissance that took place in Baghdad in the 8th century and lasted for well over 500 years. Life and achievements of Muslim scholars are provided who contributed in 7 branches of knowledge.
In this paper life of India's eminent astronomer of 20th century has been detailed. Dr. Saleh All... more In this paper life of India's eminent astronomer of 20th century has been detailed. Dr. Saleh Alladin was leading astronomer of India who earned his P.hd from Chicago. Besides books he authored hundreds of articles, both on science and religious subjects. His specialized in galaxies.
Muslim contributions to six branches of knowledge have been presented in this paper. Later on var... more Muslim contributions to six branches of knowledge have been presented in this paper. Later on various reasons have been discussed for the decline of sciences in the Muslim World.
Between 800-1300 Islamic World produced over 60 eye doctors, and surgeons. These scholars produce... more Between 800-1300 Islamic World produced over 60 eye doctors, and surgeons. These scholars produced remarkable books on ophthalmology which will be considered to encyclopedias today. They invented new techniques, operated on eyes, introduced new drugs, described various eye ailments, their treatments. Their books are still being translated into European languages which speaks for their usefulness and immortality. This is one field of medicine in which Muslim scholars made most of the contributions.
Dr. Abdus Salam was the first Muslim scientist who won the Nobel prize in 1979 for his unificatio... more Dr. Abdus Salam was the first Muslim scientist who won the Nobel prize in 1979 for his unification of electromagnetic force with weak nuclear force. Besides being a scientist of highest caliber, he was passionate advocate of popularization of science in third world, in particular in Islamic countries. This article examines his efforts in this regard, while looking at benefits of science to developing countries. He was founder of a world class scientific institute in Trieste, Italy which has trained thousands of scientists. He was notable Muslim physicist after Ibn al-Haitham who lived 1000 years ago.
For 700 years Muslims were at the forefront of knowledge, scientific discoveries, inventions and ... more For 700 years Muslims were at the forefront of knowledge, scientific discoveries, inventions and writing scientific treatises. Many of the ideas presented or discoveries made by Muslim scholars came to Europe via Spain and Sicily, later they were attributed to European scholars. This article look at some of these ideas, inventions and discoveries.
This is a biography of Muslim world's first Nobel Laureate Dr. Prof Abdus Salam, composed by a Pa... more This is a biography of Muslim world's first Nobel Laureate Dr. Prof Abdus Salam, composed by a Pakistani physicist Dr Mujahid Kamran.
This is biography of renowned Muslim physician of Iran during the middle ages. His magnum opus Ki... more This is biography of renowned Muslim physician of Iran during the middle ages. His magnum opus Kitab al-Hawi was used as a text book in European Universities for centuries. He was the first one to compose a treatise on diseases of the children. His early life, his works, his students, his methods of treatment, his views on treatment, and his famous sayings have been discussed in the article.
during the Muslim rule in India which lasted around 850 years, science was not ingored, it was de... more during the Muslim rule in India which lasted around 850 years, science was not ingored, it was developed to the full extent by local scientists, as well as those who migrated from Iran, Samarkand and Afghanistan. Science was patronized by Kings, rulers and Sultans. Books on science were written, inventions were made which were helpful in the uplift of the society.
Discoveries, theories, ideas presented by Muslim scientists were later employed by European scien... more Discoveries, theories, ideas presented by Muslim scientists were later employed by European scientists for the advancement of science. This paper highlights such discoveries, theories that impacted European science
This paper looks at the biographies of 261 Unani physicians of Dehli between 17th to 20th Century... more This paper looks at the biographies of 261 Unani physicians of Dehli between 17th to 20th Century. There are ample photographs. Original book was in Urdu, it has now been translated into English and published from Aligarh in July 2021. Author Prof Zillur Rahman is the Director Ibn Sina Academy, Aligarh, author of more than 50 books, recipient of many awards. Translated into English by Zakaria Virk, Toronto.
Muslim achievements in surgery are all the more remarkable in view of the general religious disap... more Muslim achievements in surgery are all the more remarkable in view of the general religious disapproval of the dissection of the human body. The most important surgical texts were Written by a 10 th to 11 th century Andulasian, Abul Qasim al-Zahrawi, known in the West as Abulcasis. His Kitab al-Tasrif, a medical encyclopedia contained three major surgical treatises which translated into Latin, were used in Muslim and European medical schools for several centuries. The texts included al-Zahrawi's designs for about two hundred instruments, in addition to original and useful observations concerning topics ranging from surgical manipulations and technologies to cauterization, treatment of wounds, obstetrics, fracture, dislocation, paralysis, artificial teeth, and mouth hygiene. Al-Zahrawi's 12 th century fellow Andalusian, Ibn Zuhr, known as Avenzoar, was another of great physicians… his works especially those on anatomy had considerable influence on medical practice in medieval Europe. " (Turner, Science in Medieval Islam, page 138) Surgeons:
First Islamic hospital was established in the Muslim World in Syria in the 8th century. Later on ... more First Islamic hospital was established in the Muslim World in Syria in the 8th century. Later on hospitals were built in Damascus, Baghdad, Cairo, Tunis, India, Morocco & Turkey. These hospital were teaching institutions as well where eminent Muslim physicians were trained. These hospitals had their pharmacies, separate ward for men and women, lepers, and mental patients. Administration of these hospitals is discussed. Islamic hospitals influence on European medicine.
Brief history of translations of Arabic scientific works from 12th to 14th centuries which brough... more Brief history of translations of Arabic scientific works from 12th to 14th centuries which brought about renaissance in Europe.
This is a biography of India's outstanding politician, author, freedom fighter, political activis... more This is a biography of India's outstanding politician, author, freedom fighter, political activist, practitioner of Unani medicine, and builder of schools and colleges in India.
This articles traces the history of libraries in the Muslim World from spanning over a 1000 years... more This articles traces the history of libraries in the Muslim World from spanning over a 1000 years. It also looks at the books trade, book publishing, authors, Kings and Queens who sponsored libraries or who were bibliophiles in their own right. Book trade in the golden period of Islam (850-1250) was a profitable business. Muslim scholars, scientists loved writing and collecting books. Manuscripts in various European and Eastern libraries are a testimony to this.
al-Biruni an eminent scientist from Afghanistan was founder of many disciplines and fields of kno... more al-Biruni an eminent scientist from Afghanistan was founder of many disciplines and fields of knowledge. He was an empirical scientist, this is what has been discussed in this paper. Opinions of various distinguished authors have given to prove our point.
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