Review of fossil records of prehistoric reptiles, their distribution, and paleobiogeographic evol... more Review of fossil records of prehistoric reptiles, their distribution, and paleobiogeographic evolution in Pakistan, Scientific Reports in Life Sciences 5(3),
In every part of, human beings have experienced uncomfortable courting with serpent. Serpents are... more In every part of, human beings have experienced uncomfortable courting with serpent. Serpents are reptiles that bewitch a lot of person and frighten else, for better or for worse. Almost all person have powerful affections towards serpent, even so not many carry on impartial. Nearly all interactivity between humans and snakes has resulted in the snake's destruction caused by humans' incapacity to capacity fright and nervousness. The non selective homicide of serpent to protect people’sprotection has extremely made less the populations of numerous serpent types to extinction levels. However, the aim is to study snake-human interactions in Karachi's Port Qasim industrial area. Urban residents of Karachi need to be educated about snake behavior, toxic and non-toxic verity in the locality, as well as the environmentally and medicinal value of serpents.
Actinomycetes are Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria that cause disease in cattle and sometimes oth... more Actinomycetes are Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria that cause disease in cattle and sometimes other animals. Mandibular abscess is a localized, chronic, progressive granulomatous abscess that often involves the mandible, maxilla, or other bones of the head. When an infection occurs, byproducts of the infection begin to break down bones. This article aims to determine the possibility of disease in the medieval bones of these animals, to identify and analyze their macro-structural features and their diagnostic potential value in the archaeological skeletal material of studied animals. This late medieval (13th-14th century) document was found in Wysburg, near Weisbach in the Saale-Holzland-County in the central German state of Thuringia. Macroscopic and histopathological examination of the bone revealed a lesion in the lower jaw, suggesting that it may result from actinomycosis (Mostly in the jaw). Descriptions of jaw bones are rare in the paleo-pathological literature. Analysis is limited by the absence of other anatomical elements of the affected animals, which affects the interpretation of the paleo-pathological skeleton. For further research, it is recommended that similar studies be conducted on better-preserved animals.
Switzerland is home to many archaeological sites in Central Europe, many of which are found in we... more Switzerland is home to many archaeological sites in Central Europe, many of which are found in wetlands, resulting in well-preserved macrofauna that can be labeled with precision using dendrochronology. This region is important for our knowledge of the spread of culture and innovation through Central Europe during the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, its topography results in a natural corridor through which influences traveled from both the East and West. Cattle were the most common livestock in central Europe since the Neolithic Age. The historical records of the past are well preserved in the Lake Murten sediments. Although Pile dwellers populated the region for several thousand years, the Celtic-Latians and Romans left the first traces in the sedimentary record, starting in 400 BCE. This study is the first to combine and focus on NISP% (Number of Identified Specimens) and biometric data to investigate how cattle farming began in the region and how it has changed over time. We have studied and identified an unprecedented wealth of evidence in the form of bones and horns of early livestock and some wild animals from the prehistoric records of pile-dwelling settlements from the Neolithic to Bronze Age from the Loewenberg in Lake Murten, Switzerland, which was recorded in the 19th century and is presented in this article. The recorded number of individual bones fell in percentage as follows; the domestic dog with (20%), followed by the domestic cattle with (14%), sheep/goats, red deer, roe deer, and brown bear each provide (12%). Domestic pigs (9%), domestic horses (6%), and the lynx (3%) were recorded.
Globally, population of marine turtles has been affecting due to an array of some natural and ant... more Globally, population of marine turtles has been affecting due to an array of some natural and anthropogenic threats. Seven marine turtle species viz. Hawksbill, Olive ridley, Kemp's ridley, Loggerhead, Leatherback, Flatback and Green turtle have been distributed throughout the world. Six species spend life in Indian Ocean South East Asian region except Kemp's ridley, found in Gulf of Mexico. Nesting of Olive ridley is largely reported in mainland of Indian coastal areas, while Hawksbill in Iran; Islands of Persian Gulf and Oman coast. Pakistan coast provides nesting sites to Green turtle, however Hawksbill and Olive ridley have not been reported since 2003 and 2004 respectively. Loggerhead and Leatherback were reported by fishermen in rookeries but further study is required to identify these species in Pakistan. Currently, Olive ridley nesting is not reported in Karachi coast. Bycatch and gill netting are common threats to marine turtles. Disturbance due to tourism is another issue needs to be addressed. Habitat alteration, harvesting of eggs, pollution, development and anthropogenic activities cause non-nesting behaviour in some marine turtle species previously reported for nesting. Climate change impact on nesting is not drastic but sex ratio is affected. National and international laws have been playing significant role for the conservation of marine turtle species. Research studies about marine turtle has relatively been advanced in Thailand, India, Malaysia and Sultanate of Oman among Asian countries, meanwhile regular monitoring program to provide accurate population trends throughout nesting points but has not been conducted in many countries. IUCN and WWF have also been playing important role in conservation of marine turtles in our region.
Fossil remains of turtles were discovered in various localities of Lower to Upper Miocene within ... more Fossil remains of turtles were discovered in various localities of Lower to Upper Miocene within the western part of Turkey. We revised the taxonomic position and describe the systematic paleontology, distribution, phylogeny and palaeo-environments of two Neogene taxa Titanochelon kayadibiensis sp. nov. and Protestudo bessarabica (Testudinidae) of Western Turkey and give an updated list of fossil turtles of Turkey which include Trionyx triunguis (Forskal, 1775), Mauremys aristotelica Vlachos et al, 2019, Testudo marmorum Gaudry, 1862, Protestudo bessarabica Riabinin, 1918 and Titanochelon kayadibiensis sp.nov.
The San Marcos River arises in a series of springs in Hays County, Texas. This is the second larg... more The San Marcos River arises in a series of springs in Hays County, Texas. This is the second largest and important spring system in Texas, which has more environmental stability and a diverse known biotic diversity of any other ecosystems in the southwestern United States of America. The upper San Marcos River contains a relatively larger number of protected biota, including the vertebrate fauna like San Marcos salamander ( Eurycea nana ) and the fountain darter ( Etheostoma fonticola ). Many environmental hazards are increasing day by day due to human’s development and groundwater extraction. This area receives a great deal of conservation efforts to protect/ enhance habitats, protect biodiversity and ecological condition of the river but still much more priority actions are needed.
In morphometry of Pomadasys maculatus, the total length was recorded as 79 mm to 220 mm while mea... more In morphometry of Pomadasys maculatus, the total length was recorded as 79 mm to 220 mm while mean total length was 162.72 mm in male, whereas total body length in female recorded as 82 mm to 219 mm while mean total length was 173.36. Mean body weight in male was 69.88g, while mean body weight in female was 84.52g. Mean value of Head length in percentage of total body length was found to be 25.32 and snout length was found to be 7.92, Mean value of eye diameter was found as 7.51 and mean value of caudal peduncle length was recorded as 10.07 in male. In female specimens the mean value of Head length in percentage of total body length was found to be 25.87 and snout length was found to be 8.26, mean eye diameter was found as 7.94 and mean value of caudal peduncle length was recorded as 10.49. The meristic characters like dorsal fin rays, anal fin rays, Lateral line scales, gill rakers on lower arm and scales in transversal line were counted. No sexual dimorphism was found in Pomadasys...
The sex ratio, gonadosomatic index, stages of gonadal development and fecundity of saddle grunt f... more The sex ratio, gonadosomatic index, stages of gonadal development and fecundity of saddle grunt fish, Pomadasys maculatum (Block, 1793) of the Karachi coast were investigated. Pomadasys maculatum had a sex ratio of 1: 1.36 (male to female). The difference in sex ratio was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from the expected theoretically 1: 1 distribution except June, September and December. Gonadosomatic index value in males during August – November were 3.109 to 5.630, while in females the high values during August – December were found to be 3.542 to 6.679, which suggested the spawning period. The highest GSI value in males was 5.967 in stage VI and the lowest GSI value was 1.256 recorded during VII stage. GSI values in males increased slowly reaching for maximum in 5.967 in (stage VI), while in females at high value was 6.630 during stage VI and the lowest GSI values were 1.625 and 1.124 during stages I & II respectively. Seven stages of gonadal development were observed ...
ABSTRACT In the present work, studies on the distribution and status of freshwater turtles were c... more ABSTRACT In the present work, studies on the distribution and status of freshwater turtles were conducted in Charsadda, Peshawar, Nowshera and Dera Ismail Khan Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province, and Thatta, Badin, Sanghar and Sukkur districts of Sindh province. Eight species-Lissemys punctata, Pangshura smithii, Pangshura tectum, Chitra indica, Nilssonia gangeticus, Nilssonia hurum, Hardella thurjii, and Geoclemys hamiltonii were recorded. In Sindh, Geoclemys hamiltonii was recorded as rare in Badin, Sanghar and Sukkur districts, while other species were abundant, common or uncommon. Pangshura tectum was recorded only from Sukkur district while Chitra indica was recorded in all the four selected districts of Sindh. Geoclemys hamiltonii was recorded only in D.I. Khan district of KPK. Lissemys punctata was the most abundant and most widely distributed species in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Population of freshwater turtles in Sindh is much higher than that in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Currently, due to habitat destruction, eutrophication, agricultural farming and other anthropogenic activities, population of Geoclemys hamiltonii has also decreased in Sindh.
The present study is based on some analytical studies of diversity, population status, Threats an... more The present study is based on some analytical studies of diversity, population status, Threats and conservation status of the black pond freshwater turtle, Geoclemys hamiltonii of Pakistan. Illegal international trade of the Black Spotted Turtle has escalated in the past few years which are indicated by seizure data in South and South-east Asian countries. Bangkok is one of the major destined for illegal trade in East Asia. International smuggling occurs predominantly by passengers using commercial airlines concealing animals in their baggage. Black Spotted Turtle smuggling could be part of this overall pattern of demand. Although some of the seizures resulted in arrests, few successful prosecutions of smugglers have been reported. Efforts supporting enforcement and prosecution are recommended to raise awareness of this issue and address poaching and illegal export of Black Spotted Turtles, with specific priority in Pakistan, Bangladesh, India and Nepal. Formal Memorandums of Unders...
Review of fossil records of prehistoric reptiles, their distribution, and paleobiogeographic evol... more Review of fossil records of prehistoric reptiles, their distribution, and paleobiogeographic evolution in Pakistan, Scientific Reports in Life Sciences 5(3),
In every part of, human beings have experienced uncomfortable courting with serpent. Serpents are... more In every part of, human beings have experienced uncomfortable courting with serpent. Serpents are reptiles that bewitch a lot of person and frighten else, for better or for worse. Almost all person have powerful affections towards serpent, even so not many carry on impartial. Nearly all interactivity between humans and snakes has resulted in the snake's destruction caused by humans' incapacity to capacity fright and nervousness. The non selective homicide of serpent to protect people’sprotection has extremely made less the populations of numerous serpent types to extinction levels. However, the aim is to study snake-human interactions in Karachi's Port Qasim industrial area. Urban residents of Karachi need to be educated about snake behavior, toxic and non-toxic verity in the locality, as well as the environmentally and medicinal value of serpents.
Actinomycetes are Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria that cause disease in cattle and sometimes oth... more Actinomycetes are Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria that cause disease in cattle and sometimes other animals. Mandibular abscess is a localized, chronic, progressive granulomatous abscess that often involves the mandible, maxilla, or other bones of the head. When an infection occurs, byproducts of the infection begin to break down bones. This article aims to determine the possibility of disease in the medieval bones of these animals, to identify and analyze their macro-structural features and their diagnostic potential value in the archaeological skeletal material of studied animals. This late medieval (13th-14th century) document was found in Wysburg, near Weisbach in the Saale-Holzland-County in the central German state of Thuringia. Macroscopic and histopathological examination of the bone revealed a lesion in the lower jaw, suggesting that it may result from actinomycosis (Mostly in the jaw). Descriptions of jaw bones are rare in the paleo-pathological literature. Analysis is limited by the absence of other anatomical elements of the affected animals, which affects the interpretation of the paleo-pathological skeleton. For further research, it is recommended that similar studies be conducted on better-preserved animals.
Switzerland is home to many archaeological sites in Central Europe, many of which are found in we... more Switzerland is home to many archaeological sites in Central Europe, many of which are found in wetlands, resulting in well-preserved macrofauna that can be labeled with precision using dendrochronology. This region is important for our knowledge of the spread of culture and innovation through Central Europe during the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, its topography results in a natural corridor through which influences traveled from both the East and West. Cattle were the most common livestock in central Europe since the Neolithic Age. The historical records of the past are well preserved in the Lake Murten sediments. Although Pile dwellers populated the region for several thousand years, the Celtic-Latians and Romans left the first traces in the sedimentary record, starting in 400 BCE. This study is the first to combine and focus on NISP% (Number of Identified Specimens) and biometric data to investigate how cattle farming began in the region and how it has changed over time. We have studied and identified an unprecedented wealth of evidence in the form of bones and horns of early livestock and some wild animals from the prehistoric records of pile-dwelling settlements from the Neolithic to Bronze Age from the Loewenberg in Lake Murten, Switzerland, which was recorded in the 19th century and is presented in this article. The recorded number of individual bones fell in percentage as follows; the domestic dog with (20%), followed by the domestic cattle with (14%), sheep/goats, red deer, roe deer, and brown bear each provide (12%). Domestic pigs (9%), domestic horses (6%), and the lynx (3%) were recorded.
Globally, population of marine turtles has been affecting due to an array of some natural and ant... more Globally, population of marine turtles has been affecting due to an array of some natural and anthropogenic threats. Seven marine turtle species viz. Hawksbill, Olive ridley, Kemp's ridley, Loggerhead, Leatherback, Flatback and Green turtle have been distributed throughout the world. Six species spend life in Indian Ocean South East Asian region except Kemp's ridley, found in Gulf of Mexico. Nesting of Olive ridley is largely reported in mainland of Indian coastal areas, while Hawksbill in Iran; Islands of Persian Gulf and Oman coast. Pakistan coast provides nesting sites to Green turtle, however Hawksbill and Olive ridley have not been reported since 2003 and 2004 respectively. Loggerhead and Leatherback were reported by fishermen in rookeries but further study is required to identify these species in Pakistan. Currently, Olive ridley nesting is not reported in Karachi coast. Bycatch and gill netting are common threats to marine turtles. Disturbance due to tourism is another issue needs to be addressed. Habitat alteration, harvesting of eggs, pollution, development and anthropogenic activities cause non-nesting behaviour in some marine turtle species previously reported for nesting. Climate change impact on nesting is not drastic but sex ratio is affected. National and international laws have been playing significant role for the conservation of marine turtle species. Research studies about marine turtle has relatively been advanced in Thailand, India, Malaysia and Sultanate of Oman among Asian countries, meanwhile regular monitoring program to provide accurate population trends throughout nesting points but has not been conducted in many countries. IUCN and WWF have also been playing important role in conservation of marine turtles in our region.
Fossil remains of turtles were discovered in various localities of Lower to Upper Miocene within ... more Fossil remains of turtles were discovered in various localities of Lower to Upper Miocene within the western part of Turkey. We revised the taxonomic position and describe the systematic paleontology, distribution, phylogeny and palaeo-environments of two Neogene taxa Titanochelon kayadibiensis sp. nov. and Protestudo bessarabica (Testudinidae) of Western Turkey and give an updated list of fossil turtles of Turkey which include Trionyx triunguis (Forskal, 1775), Mauremys aristotelica Vlachos et al, 2019, Testudo marmorum Gaudry, 1862, Protestudo bessarabica Riabinin, 1918 and Titanochelon kayadibiensis sp.nov.
The San Marcos River arises in a series of springs in Hays County, Texas. This is the second larg... more The San Marcos River arises in a series of springs in Hays County, Texas. This is the second largest and important spring system in Texas, which has more environmental stability and a diverse known biotic diversity of any other ecosystems in the southwestern United States of America. The upper San Marcos River contains a relatively larger number of protected biota, including the vertebrate fauna like San Marcos salamander ( Eurycea nana ) and the fountain darter ( Etheostoma fonticola ). Many environmental hazards are increasing day by day due to human’s development and groundwater extraction. This area receives a great deal of conservation efforts to protect/ enhance habitats, protect biodiversity and ecological condition of the river but still much more priority actions are needed.
In morphometry of Pomadasys maculatus, the total length was recorded as 79 mm to 220 mm while mea... more In morphometry of Pomadasys maculatus, the total length was recorded as 79 mm to 220 mm while mean total length was 162.72 mm in male, whereas total body length in female recorded as 82 mm to 219 mm while mean total length was 173.36. Mean body weight in male was 69.88g, while mean body weight in female was 84.52g. Mean value of Head length in percentage of total body length was found to be 25.32 and snout length was found to be 7.92, Mean value of eye diameter was found as 7.51 and mean value of caudal peduncle length was recorded as 10.07 in male. In female specimens the mean value of Head length in percentage of total body length was found to be 25.87 and snout length was found to be 8.26, mean eye diameter was found as 7.94 and mean value of caudal peduncle length was recorded as 10.49. The meristic characters like dorsal fin rays, anal fin rays, Lateral line scales, gill rakers on lower arm and scales in transversal line were counted. No sexual dimorphism was found in Pomadasys...
The sex ratio, gonadosomatic index, stages of gonadal development and fecundity of saddle grunt f... more The sex ratio, gonadosomatic index, stages of gonadal development and fecundity of saddle grunt fish, Pomadasys maculatum (Block, 1793) of the Karachi coast were investigated. Pomadasys maculatum had a sex ratio of 1: 1.36 (male to female). The difference in sex ratio was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from the expected theoretically 1: 1 distribution except June, September and December. Gonadosomatic index value in males during August – November were 3.109 to 5.630, while in females the high values during August – December were found to be 3.542 to 6.679, which suggested the spawning period. The highest GSI value in males was 5.967 in stage VI and the lowest GSI value was 1.256 recorded during VII stage. GSI values in males increased slowly reaching for maximum in 5.967 in (stage VI), while in females at high value was 6.630 during stage VI and the lowest GSI values were 1.625 and 1.124 during stages I & II respectively. Seven stages of gonadal development were observed ...
ABSTRACT In the present work, studies on the distribution and status of freshwater turtles were c... more ABSTRACT In the present work, studies on the distribution and status of freshwater turtles were conducted in Charsadda, Peshawar, Nowshera and Dera Ismail Khan Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province, and Thatta, Badin, Sanghar and Sukkur districts of Sindh province. Eight species-Lissemys punctata, Pangshura smithii, Pangshura tectum, Chitra indica, Nilssonia gangeticus, Nilssonia hurum, Hardella thurjii, and Geoclemys hamiltonii were recorded. In Sindh, Geoclemys hamiltonii was recorded as rare in Badin, Sanghar and Sukkur districts, while other species were abundant, common or uncommon. Pangshura tectum was recorded only from Sukkur district while Chitra indica was recorded in all the four selected districts of Sindh. Geoclemys hamiltonii was recorded only in D.I. Khan district of KPK. Lissemys punctata was the most abundant and most widely distributed species in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Population of freshwater turtles in Sindh is much higher than that in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Currently, due to habitat destruction, eutrophication, agricultural farming and other anthropogenic activities, population of Geoclemys hamiltonii has also decreased in Sindh.
The present study is based on some analytical studies of diversity, population status, Threats an... more The present study is based on some analytical studies of diversity, population status, Threats and conservation status of the black pond freshwater turtle, Geoclemys hamiltonii of Pakistan. Illegal international trade of the Black Spotted Turtle has escalated in the past few years which are indicated by seizure data in South and South-east Asian countries. Bangkok is one of the major destined for illegal trade in East Asia. International smuggling occurs predominantly by passengers using commercial airlines concealing animals in their baggage. Black Spotted Turtle smuggling could be part of this overall pattern of demand. Although some of the seizures resulted in arrests, few successful prosecutions of smugglers have been reported. Efforts supporting enforcement and prosecution are recommended to raise awareness of this issue and address poaching and illegal export of Black Spotted Turtles, with specific priority in Pakistan, Bangladesh, India and Nepal. Formal Memorandums of Unders...
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Papers by Amtyaz Safi
bewitch a lot of person and frighten else, for better or for worse. Almost all person have powerful affections towards
serpent, even so not many carry on impartial. Nearly all interactivity between humans and snakes has resulted in the
snake's destruction caused by humans' incapacity to capacity fright and nervousness. The non selective homicide of
serpent to protect people’sprotection has extremely made less the populations of numerous serpent types to extinction
levels. However, the aim is to study snake-human interactions in Karachi's Port Qasim industrial area. Urban residents
of Karachi need to be educated about snake behavior, toxic and non-toxic verity in the locality, as well as the
environmentally and medicinal value of serpents.
bewitch a lot of person and frighten else, for better or for worse. Almost all person have powerful affections towards
serpent, even so not many carry on impartial. Nearly all interactivity between humans and snakes has resulted in the
snake's destruction caused by humans' incapacity to capacity fright and nervousness. The non selective homicide of
serpent to protect people’sprotection has extremely made less the populations of numerous serpent types to extinction
levels. However, the aim is to study snake-human interactions in Karachi's Port Qasim industrial area. Urban residents
of Karachi need to be educated about snake behavior, toxic and non-toxic verity in the locality, as well as the
environmentally and medicinal value of serpents.