Objective. The aim of this study was to monitor the behavior of interfacial gaps formed under dif... more Objective. The aim of this study was to monitor the behavior of interfacial gaps formed under different bonded polymeric restorations before and after thermocycling (TC), using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and confirming the obtained findings with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Materials and Methods. Cylindrical class I cavities were prepared in twenty noncarious human premolar teeth ( 1.5 mm depth × 3.5 mm diameter ) and divided randomly into two groups: TS and SN, according to the adhesive system ( n = 10 ). In the TS group, one-step self-etch adhesive Clearfil Tri-S Bond Plus (Kuraray Noritake Dental, Japan) was used, followed by composite restoration using Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Japan). In the SN group, the cavities were restored with the two-step self-etch/composite silorane-based resin restoration system (3M ESPE, USA). All specimens were restored in bulk filling technique and cured in accordance with the manufacturers’...
Background: Although the demand for esthetic filling of primary teeth with resin composite is inc... more Background: Although the demand for esthetic filling of primary teeth with resin composite is increasing, there is no enough data on the adhesive performance of composite restorations in primary teeth. Despite the improvements in resin composites, interfacial gap is still a disadvantage as it may cause marginal staining, secondary caries, and restoration failure. Previous studies have validated the efficiency of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the evaluation of adhesive interface in permanent teeth, but not in primary teeth. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess microleakage upon composite restorations in primary teeth using cross-polarization OCT (CP-OCT). Methodology: Cylindrical class-V cavities were prepared in extracted human primary second molars and divided into four groups randomly. In groups 1 and 2, cavities were restored using Tetric N-Universal adhesive in the self-etch mode followed by IPS Impress Direct Composite and Ceram.x One Universal composite, respectively. In groups 3 and 4, one-step self-etch Prime and Bond Elect adhesive was used followed by ID composite and CX composite in groups 3 and 4, respectively. The specimens were then immersed in a contrasting solution followed by interfacial microleakage examination under CP-OCT. The recorded images were analyzed to quantify the mean gap percentages. Results: All tested groups showed variable degree of interfacial microleakage under composite restorations. Two-way ANOVA showed the composite factor was significantly influencing the results, unlike the adhesive. Group 1 and 2 had the lowest and highest mean gap percentage, respectively, which were significantly different from the other groups. Groups 3 and 4 were not significantly different. Conclusion: Based on the current finding, a polymeric restorative system from the same manufacturer reduces the risk of interfacial microleakage in primary teeth.
Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adaptation of newly introduced bioact... more Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adaptation of newly introduced bioactive restorative materials to the cavity floor using cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT). Materials and Methods. Round class V cavities were prepared on the proximal surfaces of sixty non-carious human anterior teeth (0.5 mm depth × 4 mm diameter), which were divided into groups according to the restorative material (n = 15). In the VF group, Vertise flow composite (Kerr, Orange, CA, USA) was used, in the BF group, Beautifil II composite (Shofu, Koyoto, Japan) was used, and in the AB group, ACTIVA BioACTIVE composite (Pulpdent, Watertown, NY, USA) was used. Cavities were restored using the bulk filling technique and cured according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Then, the specimens were immersed in a contrasting agent, and image acquisitions were taken by CP-OCT to calculate the adaptation percentage by using an image analysis software. Results. B-scans showed a ...
Objectives This study aimed to test the efficacy of two experimentally produced eggshell-based to... more Objectives This study aimed to test the efficacy of two experimentally produced eggshell-based toothpastes on dentinal tubules occlusion. Materials and Methods Two experimental eggshell toothpastes, based on natural ingredients, with or without titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) were produced and coded “TNPs eggshell toothpaste [TNPsESTP]” or “eggshell toothpaste [ESTP],” respectively. Mid-coronal dentin discs, from 28 human extracted molar teeth, etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 60 seconds to simulate the hypersensitive dentin, were randomly divided into four groups—G1: no treatment (negative control), G2: ESTP treated, G3: TNPsESTP treated, and G4: Biorepair treated (positive control). All treated discs were brushed for 2 weeks and 1 month using a toothbrush simulator at 40 mm/s. Dentinal tubules occlusion was studied using a cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical Analysis Unpaired t-test was conducted usi...
Background. Orthodontic patients are at high risk to develop caries. This study is introducing a ... more Background. Orthodontic patients are at high risk to develop caries. This study is introducing a clinical method detecting interfacial defects between ceramic brackets and enamel utilizing optical coherent tomography in addition to using the nanoleakage expression in vitro test. Methods. Transbond XT primer and moisture insensitive primer (MIP) were bonded to 75 human premolar enamel surfaces and divided into (XTD), (MIPD), and (MIPW) groups. The (XTD) and (MIPD) groups had ceramic brackets bonded to dry enamel surfaces using TransBond and moisture insensitive primers, respectively, while the (MIPW) samples were bonded to moist enamel using moisture insensitive primer. All specimens were examined under crosspolarization optical coherence tomography. Debonding forces of the brackets to 45 teeth (15 teeth/group). 30 bonded specimens (15 specimens/group) were cross-sectioned to detect the nanoleakage expression using scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive spectros...
To evaluate the progression of enamel demineralisation around fissure sealants using cross-polari... more To evaluate the progression of enamel demineralisation around fissure sealants using cross-polarisation optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT). Three fissure sealants; Fuji Triage (FJ, GC), Beautisealant (BT, Shofu) and Helioseal resin sealant (HL, Ivoclar Vivadent) were placed in cavities (3 × 0.5 × 1 mm) prepared in bovine enamel blocks (n = 5). After 7-day artificial saliva incubation, specimens were subjected to demineralisation for 4 weeks (pH 4.5). CP-OCT scans (Santec) were acquired for each specimen after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of demineralisation and lesions were quantitatively measured to analyse lesion progression. Repeated-measures ANOVA demonstrated that lesion size was statistically significantly affected by demineralisation period, fissure sealant type, and their interaction (P < 0.001). At 4 weeks, the highest mean value of lesion size was observed in HL group while FJ group showed the lowest. The rate of lesion progression was slower in FJ and statistically significantly different from BT (P < 0.05), which in turn was statistically significantly different than HL (P < 0.001). Fissure sealants that actively release ions are capable of improving the acid resistance of adjacent enamel. Beautisealant showed increased demineralisation inhibition compared to conventional resin sealant, but less than that provided by glass-ionomer sealant.
[Objective] The objective of this study was to monitor and compare heat generation in 3 different... more [Objective] The objective of this study was to monitor and compare heat generation in 3 different restorative materials using infrared thermography (IRT). [Methodology] Three restorative materials were prepared (n=6); Fuji I (GI; GC), Unifast III (AR; GC) and Protemp 4 (AC; 3M ESPE), in clear crown former. The 3 groups were real-time imaged under thermal imaging camera (FLIR) from the beginning of the application and up to 4 min. [Results] One-Way ANOVA with least significant difference (LSD) showed a statistically significant difference between the tested groups (p < 0.05). The highest temperature was detected as follows: AR > AC > GI. [Conclusion] It is recommended to limit the fabrication of acrylic-based provisional restorations to indirect technique.
Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express, 2021
This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of using optical coherence tomography (OCT) for l... more This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of using optical coherence tomography (OCT) for locating the sectioning site of a specimen before characterizing the ultrastructural features of dentin surfaces as well as the inner wall of the dentinal tubules (DT) using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Eight sound human molar teeth were extracted, examined via cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT), embedded, and hemisectioned using a low-speed diamond sawing machine. Next, each sectioned surface was further trimmed, polished, and examined under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) to locate the target area on the superficial dentin. Subsequently, each section was gold-coated and examined using FESEM. Backscattered reflection from the dentin layer was less than that from the enamel under CP-OCT. Distinct reflections from certain enamel and dentin microstructures were observed before sectioning the specimens. Areas with enamel cracks and dentin defects were identified and avoided during sectioning. At the micron level, the CLSM images exhibited a homogenous distribution of the DT orifices. Low magnification FESEM images showed intertubular dentin as a loosely condensed globular layer with shallow grooves in between, whereas peritubular dentin exhibited more organized condensation of apatite crystals surrounding the DT orifices. High magnification of the DT revealed a cross-linking layer of mineralized collagen network extending in the peri-intratubular lumen, with scattered globules of matrix vesicles. CP-OCT enabled the realization of rapid initial scanning and image acquisition with high contrast at the micron scale before profound insights into dentin ultrastructures at the nano scale were provided by FESEM. The variations in structural densities of the dental tissues significantly affected the image contrast and helped identify underlying structures.
Dental composite is the most used aesthetic restorative biomaterial worldwide. However, it underg... more Dental composite is the most used aesthetic restorative biomaterial worldwide. However, it undergoes polymerisation shrinkage that could lead to loss of the interfacial seal between tooth and resin in some circumstances. This demands high‐resolution imaging technologies to detect these defects. This study carried out a comparison between microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT; Shimadzu, Japan) and swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT; Santec, Japan) in the detection of marginal adaptation defects at the tooth‐resin interface. Unlike in micro‐CT, it was possible to outline interfacial gaps along with tooth‐resin interfaces with SS‐OCT, which was attributed to the Fresnel diffraction of light. This in vitro comparison demonstrates SS‐OCT has great potential in dental imaging to effectively assess dental composite adaptation and marginal defects when high resolution is desired in real time.Lay DescriptionDetection of tooth‐colored restoration defects had been assessed by diffe...
[Objective] The objective was to examine the effect of immersion of the polymeric-bonded specimen... more [Objective] The objective was to examine the effect of immersion of the polymeric-bonded specimens in silver-nitrate medium (SiNi) to detect miro-gaps under cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT). [Methodology] The twenty prepared specimens were imaged under CP-OCT (Cont group). Later, they were immersed in SiNi solution and re-imaged under CP-OCT (A-Si group) followed by cross-sectioning and imaging under a stereomicroscope. CP-OCT quantified data analyses were performed using macro-file plugged into an image analysis software. [Results] The obtained results were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test, A-Si group significantly different from Cont group (p<0.05). [Conclusion] SiNi has a great influence on micro-gap detection when using CP-OCT.
Background and Objective: White spot lesions (WSLs) are commonly seen after completing orthodonti... more Background and Objective: White spot lesions (WSLs) are commonly seen after completing orthodontic treatment. Different approaches have been suggested to avoid such a complication. Recently, 45S5 bioglass (BG) was introduced as remineralizing agent. Therefore, the objective of this in-vitro study was to assess the effect of BG in remineralizing WSLs using Optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: Fifteen human premolar teeth were sectioned and bonded to orthodontic brackets with Transbond XT primer followed by Transbond PLUS color change adhesive (3M Unitek, USA) on their smooth surfaces according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Then, all specimens were varnished excluding the area of interest (AOI) around the bonded restoration, immersed in demineralizing solution and imaged by cross-polarization OCT (CONT group), and the maximum pixel value (MPV) of the AOI were calculated. Then, they were subjected to remineralizing solutions and BG application followed by OCT imaging (REM...
OBJECTIVE In this in vitro study, cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) was us... more OBJECTIVE In this in vitro study, cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) was used to evaluate microleakage in dental composite restorations bonded to enamel with two types of one-step self-etching (SE) adhesives. BACKGROUND DATA One-step SE adhesives were proposed to simplify bonding of composite restorations. However, bonding of these simplified adhesive to dental enamel is still questionable. OCT is a promising diagnostic tool that allows micron-scale imaging of biological tissues and structures. METHODS Class-V cavities (4-mm diameter × 1-mm depth) were prepared on the labial surfaces of extracted human anterior teeth with margins and floor located in enamel. The cavities were then divided into two groups (n = 5) and restored with either Tetric N-Bond Universal (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) or Palfique Bond (Tokuyama Dental Corporation, Japan), followed by Estelite Flow Quick flowable composite (Tokuyama Dental Corporation). After storage in 100% humidity for 24 h, specimens were immersed in ammoniacal silver nitrate solution for another 24 h. Later, they were rinsed and immersed in photo-developing solution under fluorescent light for 8 h. CP-OCT at 1310 nm center wavelength was used to scan seven two-dimensional cross-sectional images from each specimen. Each cross-sectional image was analyzed using ImageJ software to quantify interfacial microleakage at the cavity floor. RESULTS Student's t-test showed significant difference between the tested adhesives (p < 0.05). Palfique Bond adhesive presented inferior interfacial adaptation as it obtained higher values of floor microleakage compared to Tetric N-Bond Universal adhesive group. CONCLUSIONS CP-OCT enabled nondestructive quantitative assessment of microleakage in enamel dental restorations.
Objectives. To evaluate the internal adaptation of recent pulp capping materials (TheraCal and Bi... more Objectives. To evaluate the internal adaptation of recent pulp capping materials (TheraCal and Biodentine) relative to MTA when used as indirect pulp capping for primary teeth. Materials and Methods. Thirty primary molars were randomly allocated into three groups, group (A) was TheraCal, group (B) was Biodentine, and MTA was the control group (C). A standardized round class-V cavity (1.5 mm diameter and 2 mm depth) was prepared using a milling machine on the buccal surface of each tooth with the pulpal floor located on the dentin. Then, pulp-capping materials were applied. Finally, all teeth were restored by composite restoration. The internal adaptation of the pulp-capping materials to the dentinal surface was investigated by microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT) to determine the internal gap volume, and by optical coherence tomography (OCT) to determine the high-intensity reflection of light from the floor. Results. Based on Micro-CT findings, TheraCal showed significantly higher in...
Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the adaptation of the restored class-I cavities wi... more Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the adaptation of the restored class-I cavities with two self-etch adhesives bonded to two resin composite using cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT). Materials and Methods: Cylindrical class-I cavities were prepared on twenty, extracted human premolars. Two self-etch adhesives; Clearfil SE bond 2 (SE; Kuraray Noritake Dental, Japan) and Bond Force (Palfique Bond) adhesive (PL; Tokuyama Dental, Japan) were used in this study that were bonded to either resin composites materials; Herculite XRV microhybrid dental composite (HRV; Kerr, Italy) or Estelite Alpha composite (ESA; Tokuyama Dental, Japan). The specimens were divided into four groups (n=5); SE-HRV, SE-ESA, PL-HRV and PL-ESA. All specimens were varnished and stored in distilled water for 24h. Then, they were submerged in a contrasting medium. After that, all groups were optically imaged under CP-OCT at every 250 µm interval distance. Later, image binarization a...
Objective. The aim of this study was to monitor the behavior of interfacial gaps formed under dif... more Objective. The aim of this study was to monitor the behavior of interfacial gaps formed under different bonded polymeric restorations before and after thermocycling (TC), using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and confirming the obtained findings with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Materials and Methods. Cylindrical class I cavities were prepared in twenty noncarious human premolar teeth ( 1.5 mm depth × 3.5 mm diameter ) and divided randomly into two groups: TS and SN, according to the adhesive system ( n = 10 ). In the TS group, one-step self-etch adhesive Clearfil Tri-S Bond Plus (Kuraray Noritake Dental, Japan) was used, followed by composite restoration using Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Japan). In the SN group, the cavities were restored with the two-step self-etch/composite silorane-based resin restoration system (3M ESPE, USA). All specimens were restored in bulk filling technique and cured in accordance with the manufacturers’...
Background: Although the demand for esthetic filling of primary teeth with resin composite is inc... more Background: Although the demand for esthetic filling of primary teeth with resin composite is increasing, there is no enough data on the adhesive performance of composite restorations in primary teeth. Despite the improvements in resin composites, interfacial gap is still a disadvantage as it may cause marginal staining, secondary caries, and restoration failure. Previous studies have validated the efficiency of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the evaluation of adhesive interface in permanent teeth, but not in primary teeth. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess microleakage upon composite restorations in primary teeth using cross-polarization OCT (CP-OCT). Methodology: Cylindrical class-V cavities were prepared in extracted human primary second molars and divided into four groups randomly. In groups 1 and 2, cavities were restored using Tetric N-Universal adhesive in the self-etch mode followed by IPS Impress Direct Composite and Ceram.x One Universal composite, respectively. In groups 3 and 4, one-step self-etch Prime and Bond Elect adhesive was used followed by ID composite and CX composite in groups 3 and 4, respectively. The specimens were then immersed in a contrasting solution followed by interfacial microleakage examination under CP-OCT. The recorded images were analyzed to quantify the mean gap percentages. Results: All tested groups showed variable degree of interfacial microleakage under composite restorations. Two-way ANOVA showed the composite factor was significantly influencing the results, unlike the adhesive. Group 1 and 2 had the lowest and highest mean gap percentage, respectively, which were significantly different from the other groups. Groups 3 and 4 were not significantly different. Conclusion: Based on the current finding, a polymeric restorative system from the same manufacturer reduces the risk of interfacial microleakage in primary teeth.
Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adaptation of newly introduced bioact... more Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adaptation of newly introduced bioactive restorative materials to the cavity floor using cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT). Materials and Methods. Round class V cavities were prepared on the proximal surfaces of sixty non-carious human anterior teeth (0.5 mm depth × 4 mm diameter), which were divided into groups according to the restorative material (n = 15). In the VF group, Vertise flow composite (Kerr, Orange, CA, USA) was used, in the BF group, Beautifil II composite (Shofu, Koyoto, Japan) was used, and in the AB group, ACTIVA BioACTIVE composite (Pulpdent, Watertown, NY, USA) was used. Cavities were restored using the bulk filling technique and cured according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Then, the specimens were immersed in a contrasting agent, and image acquisitions were taken by CP-OCT to calculate the adaptation percentage by using an image analysis software. Results. B-scans showed a ...
Objectives This study aimed to test the efficacy of two experimentally produced eggshell-based to... more Objectives This study aimed to test the efficacy of two experimentally produced eggshell-based toothpastes on dentinal tubules occlusion. Materials and Methods Two experimental eggshell toothpastes, based on natural ingredients, with or without titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) were produced and coded “TNPs eggshell toothpaste [TNPsESTP]” or “eggshell toothpaste [ESTP],” respectively. Mid-coronal dentin discs, from 28 human extracted molar teeth, etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 60 seconds to simulate the hypersensitive dentin, were randomly divided into four groups—G1: no treatment (negative control), G2: ESTP treated, G3: TNPsESTP treated, and G4: Biorepair treated (positive control). All treated discs were brushed for 2 weeks and 1 month using a toothbrush simulator at 40 mm/s. Dentinal tubules occlusion was studied using a cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical Analysis Unpaired t-test was conducted usi...
Background. Orthodontic patients are at high risk to develop caries. This study is introducing a ... more Background. Orthodontic patients are at high risk to develop caries. This study is introducing a clinical method detecting interfacial defects between ceramic brackets and enamel utilizing optical coherent tomography in addition to using the nanoleakage expression in vitro test. Methods. Transbond XT primer and moisture insensitive primer (MIP) were bonded to 75 human premolar enamel surfaces and divided into (XTD), (MIPD), and (MIPW) groups. The (XTD) and (MIPD) groups had ceramic brackets bonded to dry enamel surfaces using TransBond and moisture insensitive primers, respectively, while the (MIPW) samples were bonded to moist enamel using moisture insensitive primer. All specimens were examined under crosspolarization optical coherence tomography. Debonding forces of the brackets to 45 teeth (15 teeth/group). 30 bonded specimens (15 specimens/group) were cross-sectioned to detect the nanoleakage expression using scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive spectros...
To evaluate the progression of enamel demineralisation around fissure sealants using cross-polari... more To evaluate the progression of enamel demineralisation around fissure sealants using cross-polarisation optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT). Three fissure sealants; Fuji Triage (FJ, GC), Beautisealant (BT, Shofu) and Helioseal resin sealant (HL, Ivoclar Vivadent) were placed in cavities (3 × 0.5 × 1 mm) prepared in bovine enamel blocks (n = 5). After 7-day artificial saliva incubation, specimens were subjected to demineralisation for 4 weeks (pH 4.5). CP-OCT scans (Santec) were acquired for each specimen after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of demineralisation and lesions were quantitatively measured to analyse lesion progression. Repeated-measures ANOVA demonstrated that lesion size was statistically significantly affected by demineralisation period, fissure sealant type, and their interaction (P < 0.001). At 4 weeks, the highest mean value of lesion size was observed in HL group while FJ group showed the lowest. The rate of lesion progression was slower in FJ and statistically significantly different from BT (P < 0.05), which in turn was statistically significantly different than HL (P < 0.001). Fissure sealants that actively release ions are capable of improving the acid resistance of adjacent enamel. Beautisealant showed increased demineralisation inhibition compared to conventional resin sealant, but less than that provided by glass-ionomer sealant.
[Objective] The objective of this study was to monitor and compare heat generation in 3 different... more [Objective] The objective of this study was to monitor and compare heat generation in 3 different restorative materials using infrared thermography (IRT). [Methodology] Three restorative materials were prepared (n=6); Fuji I (GI; GC), Unifast III (AR; GC) and Protemp 4 (AC; 3M ESPE), in clear crown former. The 3 groups were real-time imaged under thermal imaging camera (FLIR) from the beginning of the application and up to 4 min. [Results] One-Way ANOVA with least significant difference (LSD) showed a statistically significant difference between the tested groups (p < 0.05). The highest temperature was detected as follows: AR > AC > GI. [Conclusion] It is recommended to limit the fabrication of acrylic-based provisional restorations to indirect technique.
Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express, 2021
This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of using optical coherence tomography (OCT) for l... more This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of using optical coherence tomography (OCT) for locating the sectioning site of a specimen before characterizing the ultrastructural features of dentin surfaces as well as the inner wall of the dentinal tubules (DT) using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Eight sound human molar teeth were extracted, examined via cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT), embedded, and hemisectioned using a low-speed diamond sawing machine. Next, each sectioned surface was further trimmed, polished, and examined under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) to locate the target area on the superficial dentin. Subsequently, each section was gold-coated and examined using FESEM. Backscattered reflection from the dentin layer was less than that from the enamel under CP-OCT. Distinct reflections from certain enamel and dentin microstructures were observed before sectioning the specimens. Areas with enamel cracks and dentin defects were identified and avoided during sectioning. At the micron level, the CLSM images exhibited a homogenous distribution of the DT orifices. Low magnification FESEM images showed intertubular dentin as a loosely condensed globular layer with shallow grooves in between, whereas peritubular dentin exhibited more organized condensation of apatite crystals surrounding the DT orifices. High magnification of the DT revealed a cross-linking layer of mineralized collagen network extending in the peri-intratubular lumen, with scattered globules of matrix vesicles. CP-OCT enabled the realization of rapid initial scanning and image acquisition with high contrast at the micron scale before profound insights into dentin ultrastructures at the nano scale were provided by FESEM. The variations in structural densities of the dental tissues significantly affected the image contrast and helped identify underlying structures.
Dental composite is the most used aesthetic restorative biomaterial worldwide. However, it underg... more Dental composite is the most used aesthetic restorative biomaterial worldwide. However, it undergoes polymerisation shrinkage that could lead to loss of the interfacial seal between tooth and resin in some circumstances. This demands high‐resolution imaging technologies to detect these defects. This study carried out a comparison between microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT; Shimadzu, Japan) and swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT; Santec, Japan) in the detection of marginal adaptation defects at the tooth‐resin interface. Unlike in micro‐CT, it was possible to outline interfacial gaps along with tooth‐resin interfaces with SS‐OCT, which was attributed to the Fresnel diffraction of light. This in vitro comparison demonstrates SS‐OCT has great potential in dental imaging to effectively assess dental composite adaptation and marginal defects when high resolution is desired in real time.Lay DescriptionDetection of tooth‐colored restoration defects had been assessed by diffe...
[Objective] The objective was to examine the effect of immersion of the polymeric-bonded specimen... more [Objective] The objective was to examine the effect of immersion of the polymeric-bonded specimens in silver-nitrate medium (SiNi) to detect miro-gaps under cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT). [Methodology] The twenty prepared specimens were imaged under CP-OCT (Cont group). Later, they were immersed in SiNi solution and re-imaged under CP-OCT (A-Si group) followed by cross-sectioning and imaging under a stereomicroscope. CP-OCT quantified data analyses were performed using macro-file plugged into an image analysis software. [Results] The obtained results were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test, A-Si group significantly different from Cont group (p<0.05). [Conclusion] SiNi has a great influence on micro-gap detection when using CP-OCT.
Background and Objective: White spot lesions (WSLs) are commonly seen after completing orthodonti... more Background and Objective: White spot lesions (WSLs) are commonly seen after completing orthodontic treatment. Different approaches have been suggested to avoid such a complication. Recently, 45S5 bioglass (BG) was introduced as remineralizing agent. Therefore, the objective of this in-vitro study was to assess the effect of BG in remineralizing WSLs using Optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: Fifteen human premolar teeth were sectioned and bonded to orthodontic brackets with Transbond XT primer followed by Transbond PLUS color change adhesive (3M Unitek, USA) on their smooth surfaces according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Then, all specimens were varnished excluding the area of interest (AOI) around the bonded restoration, immersed in demineralizing solution and imaged by cross-polarization OCT (CONT group), and the maximum pixel value (MPV) of the AOI were calculated. Then, they were subjected to remineralizing solutions and BG application followed by OCT imaging (REM...
OBJECTIVE In this in vitro study, cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) was us... more OBJECTIVE In this in vitro study, cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) was used to evaluate microleakage in dental composite restorations bonded to enamel with two types of one-step self-etching (SE) adhesives. BACKGROUND DATA One-step SE adhesives were proposed to simplify bonding of composite restorations. However, bonding of these simplified adhesive to dental enamel is still questionable. OCT is a promising diagnostic tool that allows micron-scale imaging of biological tissues and structures. METHODS Class-V cavities (4-mm diameter × 1-mm depth) were prepared on the labial surfaces of extracted human anterior teeth with margins and floor located in enamel. The cavities were then divided into two groups (n = 5) and restored with either Tetric N-Bond Universal (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) or Palfique Bond (Tokuyama Dental Corporation, Japan), followed by Estelite Flow Quick flowable composite (Tokuyama Dental Corporation). After storage in 100% humidity for 24 h, specimens were immersed in ammoniacal silver nitrate solution for another 24 h. Later, they were rinsed and immersed in photo-developing solution under fluorescent light for 8 h. CP-OCT at 1310 nm center wavelength was used to scan seven two-dimensional cross-sectional images from each specimen. Each cross-sectional image was analyzed using ImageJ software to quantify interfacial microleakage at the cavity floor. RESULTS Student's t-test showed significant difference between the tested adhesives (p < 0.05). Palfique Bond adhesive presented inferior interfacial adaptation as it obtained higher values of floor microleakage compared to Tetric N-Bond Universal adhesive group. CONCLUSIONS CP-OCT enabled nondestructive quantitative assessment of microleakage in enamel dental restorations.
Objectives. To evaluate the internal adaptation of recent pulp capping materials (TheraCal and Bi... more Objectives. To evaluate the internal adaptation of recent pulp capping materials (TheraCal and Biodentine) relative to MTA when used as indirect pulp capping for primary teeth. Materials and Methods. Thirty primary molars were randomly allocated into three groups, group (A) was TheraCal, group (B) was Biodentine, and MTA was the control group (C). A standardized round class-V cavity (1.5 mm diameter and 2 mm depth) was prepared using a milling machine on the buccal surface of each tooth with the pulpal floor located on the dentin. Then, pulp-capping materials were applied. Finally, all teeth were restored by composite restoration. The internal adaptation of the pulp-capping materials to the dentinal surface was investigated by microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT) to determine the internal gap volume, and by optical coherence tomography (OCT) to determine the high-intensity reflection of light from the floor. Results. Based on Micro-CT findings, TheraCal showed significantly higher in...
Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the adaptation of the restored class-I cavities wi... more Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the adaptation of the restored class-I cavities with two self-etch adhesives bonded to two resin composite using cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT). Materials and Methods: Cylindrical class-I cavities were prepared on twenty, extracted human premolars. Two self-etch adhesives; Clearfil SE bond 2 (SE; Kuraray Noritake Dental, Japan) and Bond Force (Palfique Bond) adhesive (PL; Tokuyama Dental, Japan) were used in this study that were bonded to either resin composites materials; Herculite XRV microhybrid dental composite (HRV; Kerr, Italy) or Estelite Alpha composite (ESA; Tokuyama Dental, Japan). The specimens were divided into four groups (n=5); SE-HRV, SE-ESA, PL-HRV and PL-ESA. All specimens were varnished and stored in distilled water for 24h. Then, they were submerged in a contrasting medium. After that, all groups were optically imaged under CP-OCT at every 250 µm interval distance. Later, image binarization a...
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Papers by Turki A. A. Bakhsh