In this article, we will explore evidence for structural and public stigmatization and marginaliz... more In this article, we will explore evidence for structural and public stigmatization and marginalization of forensic psychiatric patients within mental health services and the human rights justice system. It can be argued that patients in secure and forensic services (often referred to as mentally disordered offenders) are potentially the most marginalized and extensively stigmatized of all patient cohorts, and that the extent to which they are discriminated against should not be underestimated. We will also consider the potential for breaches of the Human Rights Act (1998) and associated injustices which may present in the treatment of these individuals, and how praxis can be improved so that harms are remedied and well-being and mutual respect improved.
Item 10 of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is intended to assess thoughts of inte... more Item 10 of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is intended to assess thoughts of intentional self-harm but may also elicit concerns about accidental self-harm. It does not specifically address suicide ideation but, nonetheless, is sometimes used as an indicator of suicidality. The 9-item version of the EPDS (EPDS-9), which omits item 10, is sometimes used in research due to concern about positive endorsements of item 10 and necessary follow-up. We assessed the equivalence of total score correlations and screening accuracy to detect major depression using the EPDS-9 versus full EPDS among pregnant and postpartum women. A medical librarian searched Medline, Medline In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, PsycINFO, and Web of Science from database inception to October 3, 2018 for studies that administered the EPDS and conducted diagnostic classification for major depression based on a validated semi-structured or fully structured interview among women aged 18 or older d...
ABSTRACTImportanceWomen and gender-diverse individuals have faced disproportionate socioeconomic ... more ABSTRACTImportanceWomen and gender-diverse individuals have faced disproportionate socioeconomic burden during COVID-19. There have been reports that this has translated into greater negative changes in mental health, but this has been based on cross-sectional research that has not accounted for pre-COVID-19 differences.ObjectiveTo compare mental health symptom changes since pre-COVID-19 by sex or gender.Data SourcesMEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, medRxiv, and Open Science Framework (December 31, 2019 to August 30, 2021).Study SelectionEligible studies compared mental health symptom changes from pre-COVID-19 to COVID-19 by sex or gender.Data Extraction and SynthesisData was extracted by a single reviewer with validation by a second reviewer. Adequacy of study methods and reporting was assessed using an adapted version of the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Prevalence Studies. A restricted maximum-likelihood r...
ABSTRACTBackgroundScalable interventions to address COVID-19 mental health are needed. Our object... more ABSTRACTBackgroundScalable interventions to address COVID-19 mental health are needed. Our objective was to assess effects of mental health interventions for community-based children, adolescents, and adults.MethodsWe searched 9 databases (2 Chinese-language) from December 31, 2019 to March 22, 2021. We included randomised controlled trials with non-hospitalised, non-quarantined participants of interventions to address COVID-19 mental health challenges. We synthesized results descriptively but did not pool quantitatively due to substantial heterogeneity of populations and interventions and concerns about risk of bias.FindingsWe identified 9 eligible trials, including 3 well-conducted, well-reported trials that tested interventions designed specifically for COVID-19 mental health challenges, plus 6 trials of standard interventions (e.g., individual or group therapy, expressive writing, mindfulness recordings) minimally adapted for COVID-19, all with risk of bias concerns. Among the 3...
Background Triple chronotherapy (sleep deprivation for 36 h, followed by 4 days of advancing the ... more Background Triple chronotherapy (sleep deprivation for 36 h, followed by 4 days of advancing the time of sleep and daily morning bright-light therapy for 6 months) has demonstrated benefits for the rapid treatment of depressive symptoms in four small controlled trials of in-patients. Aims To test the feasibility of recruitment and delivery of triple chronotherapy for out-patients with depression (ISRCTN17706836; NCT03405493). Method In a single-blind trial, 82 participants were randomised to triple chronotherapy or a control intervention. The primary outcome was the number of participants recruited per month and adherence to the protocol. Secondary outcomes included the 6-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-6) at 1 week. Timings of observer ratings were baseline and 1, 2, 4, 8 and 26 weeks after randomisation. Results The triple chronotherapy group stayed awake for the planned 36 h and 89.9% adhered to the plan of phase advance of their sleep over the following 4 days. W...
ABSTRACTObjectivesThe rapid pace, high volume, and limited quality of mental health evidence that... more ABSTRACTObjectivesThe rapid pace, high volume, and limited quality of mental health evidence that has been generated during COVID-19 poses a barrier to understanding mental health outcomes. We sought to summarize results from studies that compared mental health outcomes during COVID-19 to outcomes assessed prior to COVID-19 in the same cohort in the general population and in other groups for which data have been reported.DesignLiving systematic review.Data SourcesMEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), EMBASE (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection: Citation Indexes, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, medRxiv (preprints), and Open Science Framework Preprints (preprint server aggregator).Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesFor this report, we included studies that compared general mental health, anxiety symptoms, or depression symptoms, assessed January 1, 2020 or later, to the same outcomes collected between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019. Any pop...
Collaborative risk assessment and management have been recommended in health policy for over a de... more Collaborative risk assessment and management have been recommended in health policy for over a decade. We consider the nature and need for collaborative risk assessment and management between patients and clinicians in secure and forensic mental health settings in the context of shared decision making and personalised care in the UK. We examine the extent to which policy and recent initiatives have influenced the embedding of such practice in services through consideration of the evidence provided by research and the Commissioning for Quality and Innovation framework, and conclude that there is a need for further improvement.
Abstract. We use the complex and quaternionic hyperbolic versions of Jųrgensen's inequality ... more Abstract. We use the complex and quaternionic hyperbolic versions of Jųrgensen's inequality to construct embedded collars about short, simple, closed geodesics in complex and quaternio-nic hyperbolic manifolds. In general, the width of these collars depend both on ...
In this article, we will explore evidence for structural and public stigmatization and marginaliz... more In this article, we will explore evidence for structural and public stigmatization and marginalization of forensic psychiatric patients within mental health services and the human rights justice system. It can be argued that patients in secure and forensic services (often referred to as mentally disordered offenders) are potentially the most marginalized and extensively stigmatized of all patient cohorts, and that the extent to which they are discriminated against should not be underestimated. We will also consider the potential for breaches of the Human Rights Act (1998) and associated injustices which may present in the treatment of these individuals, and how praxis can be improved so that harms are remedied and well-being and mutual respect improved.
Item 10 of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is intended to assess thoughts of inte... more Item 10 of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is intended to assess thoughts of intentional self-harm but may also elicit concerns about accidental self-harm. It does not specifically address suicide ideation but, nonetheless, is sometimes used as an indicator of suicidality. The 9-item version of the EPDS (EPDS-9), which omits item 10, is sometimes used in research due to concern about positive endorsements of item 10 and necessary follow-up. We assessed the equivalence of total score correlations and screening accuracy to detect major depression using the EPDS-9 versus full EPDS among pregnant and postpartum women. A medical librarian searched Medline, Medline In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, PsycINFO, and Web of Science from database inception to October 3, 2018 for studies that administered the EPDS and conducted diagnostic classification for major depression based on a validated semi-structured or fully structured interview among women aged 18 or older d...
ABSTRACTImportanceWomen and gender-diverse individuals have faced disproportionate socioeconomic ... more ABSTRACTImportanceWomen and gender-diverse individuals have faced disproportionate socioeconomic burden during COVID-19. There have been reports that this has translated into greater negative changes in mental health, but this has been based on cross-sectional research that has not accounted for pre-COVID-19 differences.ObjectiveTo compare mental health symptom changes since pre-COVID-19 by sex or gender.Data SourcesMEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, medRxiv, and Open Science Framework (December 31, 2019 to August 30, 2021).Study SelectionEligible studies compared mental health symptom changes from pre-COVID-19 to COVID-19 by sex or gender.Data Extraction and SynthesisData was extracted by a single reviewer with validation by a second reviewer. Adequacy of study methods and reporting was assessed using an adapted version of the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Prevalence Studies. A restricted maximum-likelihood r...
ABSTRACTBackgroundScalable interventions to address COVID-19 mental health are needed. Our object... more ABSTRACTBackgroundScalable interventions to address COVID-19 mental health are needed. Our objective was to assess effects of mental health interventions for community-based children, adolescents, and adults.MethodsWe searched 9 databases (2 Chinese-language) from December 31, 2019 to March 22, 2021. We included randomised controlled trials with non-hospitalised, non-quarantined participants of interventions to address COVID-19 mental health challenges. We synthesized results descriptively but did not pool quantitatively due to substantial heterogeneity of populations and interventions and concerns about risk of bias.FindingsWe identified 9 eligible trials, including 3 well-conducted, well-reported trials that tested interventions designed specifically for COVID-19 mental health challenges, plus 6 trials of standard interventions (e.g., individual or group therapy, expressive writing, mindfulness recordings) minimally adapted for COVID-19, all with risk of bias concerns. Among the 3...
Background Triple chronotherapy (sleep deprivation for 36 h, followed by 4 days of advancing the ... more Background Triple chronotherapy (sleep deprivation for 36 h, followed by 4 days of advancing the time of sleep and daily morning bright-light therapy for 6 months) has demonstrated benefits for the rapid treatment of depressive symptoms in four small controlled trials of in-patients. Aims To test the feasibility of recruitment and delivery of triple chronotherapy for out-patients with depression (ISRCTN17706836; NCT03405493). Method In a single-blind trial, 82 participants were randomised to triple chronotherapy or a control intervention. The primary outcome was the number of participants recruited per month and adherence to the protocol. Secondary outcomes included the 6-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-6) at 1 week. Timings of observer ratings were baseline and 1, 2, 4, 8 and 26 weeks after randomisation. Results The triple chronotherapy group stayed awake for the planned 36 h and 89.9% adhered to the plan of phase advance of their sleep over the following 4 days. W...
ABSTRACTObjectivesThe rapid pace, high volume, and limited quality of mental health evidence that... more ABSTRACTObjectivesThe rapid pace, high volume, and limited quality of mental health evidence that has been generated during COVID-19 poses a barrier to understanding mental health outcomes. We sought to summarize results from studies that compared mental health outcomes during COVID-19 to outcomes assessed prior to COVID-19 in the same cohort in the general population and in other groups for which data have been reported.DesignLiving systematic review.Data SourcesMEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), EMBASE (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection: Citation Indexes, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, medRxiv (preprints), and Open Science Framework Preprints (preprint server aggregator).Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesFor this report, we included studies that compared general mental health, anxiety symptoms, or depression symptoms, assessed January 1, 2020 or later, to the same outcomes collected between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019. Any pop...
Collaborative risk assessment and management have been recommended in health policy for over a de... more Collaborative risk assessment and management have been recommended in health policy for over a decade. We consider the nature and need for collaborative risk assessment and management between patients and clinicians in secure and forensic mental health settings in the context of shared decision making and personalised care in the UK. We examine the extent to which policy and recent initiatives have influenced the embedding of such practice in services through consideration of the evidence provided by research and the Commissioning for Quality and Innovation framework, and conclude that there is a need for further improvement.
Abstract. We use the complex and quaternionic hyperbolic versions of Jųrgensen's inequality ... more Abstract. We use the complex and quaternionic hyperbolic versions of Jųrgensen's inequality to construct embedded collars about short, simple, closed geodesics in complex and quaternio-nic hyperbolic manifolds. In general, the width of these collars depend both on ...
Uploads
Papers by sarah markham