The Veli Lake is the smallest among the backwaters of Kerala. It is situated 8 km north west of T... more The Veli Lake is the smallest among the backwaters of Kerala. It is situated 8 km north west of Trivandrum City at 8o 28’ N latitude and 76o 57’ E longitude. The system widens from the bar mouth to the eastern part and is 2 km long and 0.3 km broad. It is shallow with a mean depth of 2-3m. The partially treated sewage and the completely untreated industrial effluents are the main sources that brought undesirable changes in the lake. For the present study three stations were fixed in the lake to test the physicochemical features (April 2000-March 2001).The results shown that monsoon represents less polluted zones. The minimum undesirable effects are noticed in the less polluted zones.
Irrespective of man’s influence, the concentration of nutrients are characteristically higher in ... more Irrespective of man’s influence, the concentration of nutrients are characteristically higher in river waters than in the surface sea waters and this leads to the general enhancement of nutrients in estuaries and in coastal waters due to land drainage. Knowledge of nutrients and dissolved gasses relating to their contributory sources, utilization levels and their availability will be of great value to asses the productivity potential of an estuary. With a view to understand the level of dissolved gases and nutrients in such estuaries, the present study envisages the nutrients and dissolved gasses in the three backwaters viz. Kadinamkulam, Veli and Poonthura. These three estuaries lie in the Trivandrum city of Kerala in the south west coast of India. Collection of water samples for a period of one year (April 2007March 2008) was made in a monthly interval. Collected samples from three different stations from each backwater were analyzed using standard methods for nutrients and dissol...
Sediment characteristics of the aquatic environment reflect the quality of overlying water. In th... more Sediment characteristics of the aquatic environment reflect the quality of overlying water. In this context the organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), total phosphorous (P) levels can be used as indicators of water condition. In the present study the CNP contents of the Kadinamkulam estuary (southern India) was analysed. Both the sediments and the survey of fin and shell fishes of the same estuary were carried on monthly for twelve months (April 2013-March 2014). The results were correlated by Karl-Pearson correlation coefficient. A total of 30 fish specimens and sediments needed for analyses were collected. As a result of the study some organisms showed certain level of significance with the C N P contents tested.
It is necessary to access the effects of the aquatic environment on species dominance, diversity ... more It is necessary to access the effects of the aquatic environment on species dominance, diversity and ecosystem functions as a measure to sustain aquatic resources at an optimum level. The present paper elucidates the status of fish and shellfish fauna and the correlation of the environmental factors of Veli Lake. The lake is situated 8 km north west of Trivandrum City at 8 o 28’ N latitude and 76 o 57’ E longitude. The system widens from the bar mouth to the eastern part and is 2 km long and 0.3 km broad. The biodiversity survey of fish and shellfishes of this lake was made for a period of one year(2009-2010).The available fishes of the concerned months were correlated with the physico-chemical parameters, nutrients of the water samples, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous and heavy metals such as copper, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc of the sediments. A total of 31 species were reported during the whole year. All the fish and shellfishes showed seasonal influence with more fresh wa...
INTRODUCTION A Chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. The word c... more INTRODUCTION A Chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. The word chromosome comes from Greek word (chromo, color) and (soma, body) due to their property of staining by particular dyes. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled surrounded by the proteins called histones that support its structure. Each chromosome has a constriction point called the centromere, which divides the chromosome into two sections, or “arms”. The DNA molecule may be circular or linear, and can be composed of 100,000 to 10,000,000,000 nucleotides in a long chain. In eukaryotes, nuclear chromosomes are packa...
The industry categories identified vinyl chloride is the chemical used in synthesis for the plast... more The industry categories identified vinyl chloride is the chemical used in synthesis for the plastics industry. It is an industrial intermediate chemical that is converted to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymer and associated copolymers. It is also used for production of chlorinated solvents, primarily 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane. PVC is used in most industrial sectors and accounts for around one fifth of plastic material usage worldwide. Vinyl chloride liquid is fed to polymerization reactors where it is converted from a monomer to a polymer PVC. The final product of the polymerization process is PVC in either a flake or pellet form. The manufacturing plastics often create large quantities of toxic chemical pollutants such as dioxin, hydrochloric acid, and vinyl chloride. This poses a severe health risks to humans during the PVC life cycle. These toxins can produce severe illness like cancer, diabetes, neurological damage, reproductive and birth defects. Dioxin is a persistent Organic Pol...
With increasing use of plant-based cancer chemotherapeutic agents, exploring the antiproliferativ... more With increasing use of plant-based cancer chemotherapeutic agents, exploring the antiproliferative effects of phytochemicals has gained increasing momentum for anticancer drug design. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of root bark of Juglans regia (RBJR) organic extracts on cell proliferation, and to determine the molecular mechanism of RBJR-induced cell death by determining the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, caspases, Tp53, Mdm-2 and TNF-alpha in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. The results demonstrate that WNRB suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose and time dependent manner by modulating expression of key genes. This involved characteristic changes in cytoplasmic and nuclear morphology, DNA fragmentation (TUNEL assay), levels of mRNA and expression of corresponding proteins. Real Time PCR and western blot analysis revealed that the expression of of Bax, caspases, tp53, and TNF-alpha was markedly increased in MBA-MB-231 cells treated with...
Mature males of Penaeus monodon were used for the collection of spermatozoa. The cryopreservation... more Mature males of Penaeus monodon were used for the collection of spermatozoa. The cryopreservation technique was carried out in different combinaitons of cryoprotectants using glucose, glycerol, DMSO and methanol. The spermatozoa was preserved at - 196°C and the survival rate was assessed once in five days for a month. The combination of glucose + methanol gave the best survival rate. DMSO was proved to be a moderate cryoprotectant. Combinations of glucose or glycerol gave greater percentage viability. Glycerol alone was also proved to be a good cryoprotectant. Methanol gave least protection to the sperms
Medicinal plants possess all the phytoconstituents which serves as a source of bioactive chemical... more Medicinal plants possess all the phytoconstituents which serves as a source of bioactive chemicals which are necessary for the significant pharmacological actions without any adverse effects. They can be used for the development of new classes of possibly safer drugs or medicines to cure various ailments. Eclipta alba is an herb which is widely used in traditional cuisine and in folk medicine for the treatment of various ailments. The present study was carried out to find out the preliminary phytochemical screening of Eclipta alba. The plant leaf samples were collected; powdered and bioactive substances were extracted with chloroform and acetone by water soxhelet extractor. Phytochemical analysis proved that the antibacterial activity of Eclipta alba is due to the presence of phytochemical compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenes, phenolic compounds, saponins, carbohydrates, tannins and amino acids. The antimicrobial activity was determined by using agar well and ...
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2011
With increasing use of plant-based cancer chemotherapeutic agents, exploring the antiproliferativ... more With increasing use of plant-based cancer chemotherapeutic agents, exploring the antiproliferative effects of phytochemicals has gained increasing momentum for anticancer drug design. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of root bark of Juglans regia (RBJR) organic extracts on cell proliferation, and to determine the molecular mechanism of RBJR-induced cell death by determining the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, caspases, Tp53, Mdm-2 and TNF-alpha in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. The results demonstrate that WNRB suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose and time dependent manner by modulating expression of key genes. This involved characteristic changes in cytoplasmic and nuclear morphology, DNA fragmentation (TUNEL assay), levels of mRNA and expression of corresponding proteins. Real Time PCR and western blot analysis revealed that the expression of of Bax, caspases, tp53, and TNF-alpha was markedly increased in MBA-MB-231 cells treated with...
The adsorption process is being extensively used for the removal of dyes from synthetic dyehouse ... more The adsorption process is being extensively used for the removal of dyes from synthetic dyehouse effluents by various researchers. The most widely used adsorbent is commercially available activated carbon. Despite the frequent use of adsorption in wastewater treatment systems, commercially available activated carbon remains an expensive material. In recent years, the safe and economical methods are required for the treatment of dyehouse effluents, which involved researchers to focus towards the preparation of low cost adsorbents from cheapest sources. Therefore, in this review article, the different cheapest sources of preparing adsorbent are discussed and their feasibility in treating dyehouse effluents is studied. INTRODUCTION Dyeing industry is one of the largest water consuming industries. The effluent coming out of the dyeing industries contains various chemicals and colouring compounds and the effluent requires proper treatment before it is discharged into any water body. But,...
ABSTRACT Aim: Breast cancer is leading cause of cancer deaths in women, globally. Recently a stud... more ABSTRACT Aim: Breast cancer is leading cause of cancer deaths in women, globally. Recently a study on a Chinese population suggested that there is a protective role of rs11655505 (c.-2265 C/T) in the BRCA1 promoter whereas, the same in Caucasian population showed no effect on breast cancer prevalence. This study was undertaken to find out, if there is any association between rs11655505 (c.-2265 C/T) and breast cancer in an Indian population.Methodology: Blood samples were collected from 352 female breast cancer patients and 380 healthy women of age range 18-68 years. DNA was extracted from blood through standard salting out procedure. All the DNA samples were genotyped by using TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assays. Data obtained was analyzed statistically to find out the possible association between the variation and predisposition of breast cancer Results: No association was found between rs11655505 and breast cancer occurrences in familial (p=0.61), non-familial (p=0.45) and premenopausal patients
For the conservation of biodiversity, it is not sufficient to preserve the living organisms or th... more For the conservation of biodiversity, it is not sufficient to preserve the living organisms or their gametes alone, because keeping fishes in aquaria or their gametes in freezers cannot conserve the full range of biodiversity which is due to the loss of the ecological complexity in their original habitats. For promoting richer biodiversity in the future, more complexity in biological communities is essential in their natural environments. In order to prevent depletion of biodiversity due to environmental alterations or other ways, it is necessary to understand how the diversity of life particularly at the species level is maintained and it is equally necessary to know how the terminal extinction of species takes place under natural conditions. Moreover, a database on fishery resources of the concerned environment is essential to make decision about specific programmes on conservation of fish germplasm resources. Hence, the present study aims to quantify the fish and shellfish resour...
The Veli Lake is the smallest among the backwaters of Kerala. It is situated 8 km north west of T... more The Veli Lake is the smallest among the backwaters of Kerala. It is situated 8 km north west of Trivandrum City at 8o 28’ N latitude and 76o 57’ E longitude. The system widens from the bar mouth to the eastern part and is 2 km long and 0.3 km broad. It is shallow with a mean depth of 2-3m. The partially treated sewage and the completely untreated industrial effluents are the main sources that brought undesirable changes in the lake. For the present study three stations were fixed in the lake to test the physicochemical features (April 2000-March 2001).The results shown that monsoon represents less polluted zones. The minimum undesirable effects are noticed in the less polluted zones.
Irrespective of man’s influence, the concentration of nutrients are characteristically higher in ... more Irrespective of man’s influence, the concentration of nutrients are characteristically higher in river waters than in the surface sea waters and this leads to the general enhancement of nutrients in estuaries and in coastal waters due to land drainage. Knowledge of nutrients and dissolved gasses relating to their contributory sources, utilization levels and their availability will be of great value to asses the productivity potential of an estuary. With a view to understand the level of dissolved gases and nutrients in such estuaries, the present study envisages the nutrients and dissolved gasses in the three backwaters viz. Kadinamkulam, Veli and Poonthura. These three estuaries lie in the Trivandrum city of Kerala in the south west coast of India. Collection of water samples for a period of one year (April 2007March 2008) was made in a monthly interval. Collected samples from three different stations from each backwater were analyzed using standard methods for nutrients and dissol...
Sediment characteristics of the aquatic environment reflect the quality of overlying water. In th... more Sediment characteristics of the aquatic environment reflect the quality of overlying water. In this context the organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), total phosphorous (P) levels can be used as indicators of water condition. In the present study the CNP contents of the Kadinamkulam estuary (southern India) was analysed. Both the sediments and the survey of fin and shell fishes of the same estuary were carried on monthly for twelve months (April 2013-March 2014). The results were correlated by Karl-Pearson correlation coefficient. A total of 30 fish specimens and sediments needed for analyses were collected. As a result of the study some organisms showed certain level of significance with the C N P contents tested.
It is necessary to access the effects of the aquatic environment on species dominance, diversity ... more It is necessary to access the effects of the aquatic environment on species dominance, diversity and ecosystem functions as a measure to sustain aquatic resources at an optimum level. The present paper elucidates the status of fish and shellfish fauna and the correlation of the environmental factors of Veli Lake. The lake is situated 8 km north west of Trivandrum City at 8 o 28’ N latitude and 76 o 57’ E longitude. The system widens from the bar mouth to the eastern part and is 2 km long and 0.3 km broad. The biodiversity survey of fish and shellfishes of this lake was made for a period of one year(2009-2010).The available fishes of the concerned months were correlated with the physico-chemical parameters, nutrients of the water samples, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous and heavy metals such as copper, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc of the sediments. A total of 31 species were reported during the whole year. All the fish and shellfishes showed seasonal influence with more fresh wa...
INTRODUCTION A Chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. The word c... more INTRODUCTION A Chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. The word chromosome comes from Greek word (chromo, color) and (soma, body) due to their property of staining by particular dyes. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled surrounded by the proteins called histones that support its structure. Each chromosome has a constriction point called the centromere, which divides the chromosome into two sections, or “arms”. The DNA molecule may be circular or linear, and can be composed of 100,000 to 10,000,000,000 nucleotides in a long chain. In eukaryotes, nuclear chromosomes are packa...
The industry categories identified vinyl chloride is the chemical used in synthesis for the plast... more The industry categories identified vinyl chloride is the chemical used in synthesis for the plastics industry. It is an industrial intermediate chemical that is converted to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymer and associated copolymers. It is also used for production of chlorinated solvents, primarily 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane. PVC is used in most industrial sectors and accounts for around one fifth of plastic material usage worldwide. Vinyl chloride liquid is fed to polymerization reactors where it is converted from a monomer to a polymer PVC. The final product of the polymerization process is PVC in either a flake or pellet form. The manufacturing plastics often create large quantities of toxic chemical pollutants such as dioxin, hydrochloric acid, and vinyl chloride. This poses a severe health risks to humans during the PVC life cycle. These toxins can produce severe illness like cancer, diabetes, neurological damage, reproductive and birth defects. Dioxin is a persistent Organic Pol...
With increasing use of plant-based cancer chemotherapeutic agents, exploring the antiproliferativ... more With increasing use of plant-based cancer chemotherapeutic agents, exploring the antiproliferative effects of phytochemicals has gained increasing momentum for anticancer drug design. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of root bark of Juglans regia (RBJR) organic extracts on cell proliferation, and to determine the molecular mechanism of RBJR-induced cell death by determining the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, caspases, Tp53, Mdm-2 and TNF-alpha in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. The results demonstrate that WNRB suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose and time dependent manner by modulating expression of key genes. This involved characteristic changes in cytoplasmic and nuclear morphology, DNA fragmentation (TUNEL assay), levels of mRNA and expression of corresponding proteins. Real Time PCR and western blot analysis revealed that the expression of of Bax, caspases, tp53, and TNF-alpha was markedly increased in MBA-MB-231 cells treated with...
Mature males of Penaeus monodon were used for the collection of spermatozoa. The cryopreservation... more Mature males of Penaeus monodon were used for the collection of spermatozoa. The cryopreservation technique was carried out in different combinaitons of cryoprotectants using glucose, glycerol, DMSO and methanol. The spermatozoa was preserved at - 196°C and the survival rate was assessed once in five days for a month. The combination of glucose + methanol gave the best survival rate. DMSO was proved to be a moderate cryoprotectant. Combinations of glucose or glycerol gave greater percentage viability. Glycerol alone was also proved to be a good cryoprotectant. Methanol gave least protection to the sperms
Medicinal plants possess all the phytoconstituents which serves as a source of bioactive chemical... more Medicinal plants possess all the phytoconstituents which serves as a source of bioactive chemicals which are necessary for the significant pharmacological actions without any adverse effects. They can be used for the development of new classes of possibly safer drugs or medicines to cure various ailments. Eclipta alba is an herb which is widely used in traditional cuisine and in folk medicine for the treatment of various ailments. The present study was carried out to find out the preliminary phytochemical screening of Eclipta alba. The plant leaf samples were collected; powdered and bioactive substances were extracted with chloroform and acetone by water soxhelet extractor. Phytochemical analysis proved that the antibacterial activity of Eclipta alba is due to the presence of phytochemical compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenes, phenolic compounds, saponins, carbohydrates, tannins and amino acids. The antimicrobial activity was determined by using agar well and ...
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2011
With increasing use of plant-based cancer chemotherapeutic agents, exploring the antiproliferativ... more With increasing use of plant-based cancer chemotherapeutic agents, exploring the antiproliferative effects of phytochemicals has gained increasing momentum for anticancer drug design. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of root bark of Juglans regia (RBJR) organic extracts on cell proliferation, and to determine the molecular mechanism of RBJR-induced cell death by determining the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, caspases, Tp53, Mdm-2 and TNF-alpha in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. The results demonstrate that WNRB suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose and time dependent manner by modulating expression of key genes. This involved characteristic changes in cytoplasmic and nuclear morphology, DNA fragmentation (TUNEL assay), levels of mRNA and expression of corresponding proteins. Real Time PCR and western blot analysis revealed that the expression of of Bax, caspases, tp53, and TNF-alpha was markedly increased in MBA-MB-231 cells treated with...
The adsorption process is being extensively used for the removal of dyes from synthetic dyehouse ... more The adsorption process is being extensively used for the removal of dyes from synthetic dyehouse effluents by various researchers. The most widely used adsorbent is commercially available activated carbon. Despite the frequent use of adsorption in wastewater treatment systems, commercially available activated carbon remains an expensive material. In recent years, the safe and economical methods are required for the treatment of dyehouse effluents, which involved researchers to focus towards the preparation of low cost adsorbents from cheapest sources. Therefore, in this review article, the different cheapest sources of preparing adsorbent are discussed and their feasibility in treating dyehouse effluents is studied. INTRODUCTION Dyeing industry is one of the largest water consuming industries. The effluent coming out of the dyeing industries contains various chemicals and colouring compounds and the effluent requires proper treatment before it is discharged into any water body. But,...
ABSTRACT Aim: Breast cancer is leading cause of cancer deaths in women, globally. Recently a stud... more ABSTRACT Aim: Breast cancer is leading cause of cancer deaths in women, globally. Recently a study on a Chinese population suggested that there is a protective role of rs11655505 (c.-2265 C/T) in the BRCA1 promoter whereas, the same in Caucasian population showed no effect on breast cancer prevalence. This study was undertaken to find out, if there is any association between rs11655505 (c.-2265 C/T) and breast cancer in an Indian population.Methodology: Blood samples were collected from 352 female breast cancer patients and 380 healthy women of age range 18-68 years. DNA was extracted from blood through standard salting out procedure. All the DNA samples were genotyped by using TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assays. Data obtained was analyzed statistically to find out the possible association between the variation and predisposition of breast cancer Results: No association was found between rs11655505 and breast cancer occurrences in familial (p=0.61), non-familial (p=0.45) and premenopausal patients
For the conservation of biodiversity, it is not sufficient to preserve the living organisms or th... more For the conservation of biodiversity, it is not sufficient to preserve the living organisms or their gametes alone, because keeping fishes in aquaria or their gametes in freezers cannot conserve the full range of biodiversity which is due to the loss of the ecological complexity in their original habitats. For promoting richer biodiversity in the future, more complexity in biological communities is essential in their natural environments. In order to prevent depletion of biodiversity due to environmental alterations or other ways, it is necessary to understand how the diversity of life particularly at the species level is maintained and it is equally necessary to know how the terminal extinction of species takes place under natural conditions. Moreover, a database on fishery resources of the concerned environment is essential to make decision about specific programmes on conservation of fish germplasm resources. Hence, the present study aims to quantify the fish and shellfish resour...
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