In the present investigation, experiments were conducted to investigate the growth, morphological... more In the present investigation, experiments were conducted to investigate the growth, morphological, anatomical and biochemical responses of UV and drought stresses in Spilanthes acmella (toothache plant). Results were shown that both UV and drought treatments retarded plant growth. Although there was no significant difference in the internal structure of leaf and stem. Morphometric changes such as curling of leaves and shiny surface due to waxy coatings were noticed in plants grown under UV radiation however these changes were absent in water stressed plants but yellowing was observed in the entire leaves. Chlorophyll content and relative water content in leaves were significantly affected by UV and drought. Relative water content markedly increased in UV treated plants and reduced in drought. In UV treated plants chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents were considerably decreased than the drought treated plants. The carotenoid and UV absorbing pigments (flavonoid...
The Spilanthes is known as toothache plant and is accredited with the local anesthetic action due... more The Spilanthes is known as toothache plant and is accredited with the local anesthetic action due to the Spilanthol content. From a taxonomic point of view, this species is confused with other genera and species due to its similar
Spilanthes Jacq. represented by eight species in Kerala state of India is distributed in a wide r... more Spilanthes Jacq. represented by eight species in Kerala state of India is distributed in a wide range of habitats. Many members of the genus are medicinally important. Present study was conducted to find out the chromosome number and ploidy level of existing eight confusing species of Spilanthes collected from different parts of Kerala. The chromosome number varied from 2n = 52 to 2n = 78 with majority of species concentrated in the number 2n = 52, somatic variants were seen in S. ciliata (2n = 78) and S. tetralobata (2n = 65 and 78). This is the first report of chromosome numbers found in three species, S. ghoshinis, S. tetralobata and S. vazhachalensis. The incidence of polyploidy is very much striking in the genus Spilanthes. The members studied showed hexaploid, pentaploid and tetraploid condition, with the basic chromosome number X = 13. Among different species of Spilanthes, S. ghoshinis, S. paniculata and S. uliginosa are tetraploids, S. vazhachalensis is pentaploid, S. calva along with S. radicans are hexaploids. However S. ciliata showed tetraploid and hexaploid plants. S. tetralobata showed tetraploid, pentaploid and hexaploid plants in their natural habitat. The present study confirmed the secondary basic number X = 13 in this genus.
Three new combinations are proposed: Acmella vazhachalensis (Sheela) Reshmi & Rajalakshmi, A. gho... more Three new combinations are proposed: Acmella vazhachalensis (Sheela) Reshmi & Rajalakshmi, A. ghoshinis (Sheela) Reshmi & Rajalakshmi and A. tetralobata (Reshmi & Rajalakshmi) Reshmi & Rajalakshmi, based on taxa originally described in Spilanthes.
Three new combinations are proposed: Acmella vazhachalensis (Sheela) Reshmi & Rajalakshmi, A. gho... more Three new combinations are proposed: Acmella vazhachalensis (Sheela) Reshmi & Rajalakshmi, A. ghoshinis (Sheela) Reshmi & Rajalakshmi and A. tetralobata (Reshmi & Rajalakshmi) Reshmi & Rajalakshmi, based on taxa originally described in Spilanthes.
In the present investigation, experiments were conducted to investigate the growth, morphological... more In the present investigation, experiments were conducted to investigate the growth, morphological, anatomical and biochemical responses of UV and drought stresses in Spilanthes acmella (toothache plant). Results were shown that both UV and drought treatments retarded plant growth. Although there was no significant difference in the internal structure of leaf and stem. Morphometric changes such as curling of leaves and shiny surface due to waxy coatings were noticed in plants grown under UV radiation however these changes were absent in water stressed plants but yellowing was observed in the entire leaves. Chlorophyll content and relative water content in leaves were significantly affected by UV and drought. Relative water content markedly increased in UV treated plants and reduced in drought. In UV treated plants chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents were considerably decreased than the drought treated plants. The carotenoid and UV absorbing pigments (flavonoids and anthocyanins) concentration were increased in both treatments. Changes in contents of antioxidative metabolites under the stresses were observed. Free proline and MDA accumulations also showed significant increase in drought treatment than in UV treatment. During drought condition the catalase activity decreased as compared with the control plant whereas UV treated plants showed increase in the catalase activity.
Spilanthes Jacq. represented by eight species in Kerala state of India is distributed in a wide r... more Spilanthes Jacq. represented by eight species in Kerala state of India is distributed in a wide range of habitats. Many members of the genus are medicinally important. Present study was conducted to find out the chromosome number and ploidy level of existing eight confusing species of Spilanthes collected from different parts of Kerala. The chromosome number varied from 2n=52 to 2n=78 with majority of species concentrated in the number 2n=52, somatic variants were seen in S. ciliata (2n=78) and S. tetralobata (2n=65 and 78). This is the first report of chromosome numbers found in three species, S. ghoshinis, S. tetralobata and S. vazhachalensis. The incidence of polyploidy is very much striking in the genus Spilanthes. The members studied showed hexaploid, pentaploid and tetraploid condition, with the basic chromosome number X = 13. Among different species of Spilanthes, S. ghoshinis, S. paniculata and S. uliginosa are tetraploids, S. vazhachalensis is pentaploid, S. calva along with S. radicans are hexaploids. However S. ciliata showed tetraploid and hexaploid plants. S. tetralobata showed tetra-ploid, pentaploid and hexaploid plants in their natural habitat. The present study confirmed the secondary basic number X= 13 in this genus.
The Spilanthes is known as toothache plant and is accredited with the local anesthetic action due... more The Spilanthes is known as toothache plant and is accredited with the local anesthetic action due to the Spilanthol content. From a taxonomic point of view, this species is confused with other genera and species due to its similar
Spilanthes tetralobata Reshmi et Rajalakshmi, a new species in Asteraceae from Kerala is describe... more Spilanthes tetralobata Reshmi et Rajalakshmi, a new species in Asteraceae from Kerala is described and illustrated. The species is named based on the characteristic of 4 lobed corolla. The species resembles S. ciliata H.B.K. in growing habit, but clearly differ in characters such as nature of ray florets, achene and pollen.
Stylar micromorphological diversity of 42 Asteraceae species from Argentina was analysed consider... more Stylar micromorphological diversity of 42 Asteraceae species from Argentina was analysed considering species phylogenetic membership and some floral reproductive functions (pollen presentation and pollen reception). In particular, the morphology and organisation of pollen presenter (sweeping hairs) and pollen receptive structures (stigmatic papillae) were described. Results showed that style morphology of the studied species is far more diverse than the categories previously established for Asteraceae, and that it is problematic to relate the sweeping-hair arrangement of species to the only three modes of pollen presentation described for the family, indicating that the hypothesised relationship could be more complex than was formerly thought. For all species with di- or trimorphic florets, the styles of female florets were more slender and without or with more reduced sweeping hairs than the styles of hermaphrodite florets, and divergences of sweeping hair arrangements and morphology were higher among phylogenetically related species. These results suggest that functional aspects of floral morphology seem to be more important than phylogenetic constraints as selective forces determining stylar pollen presentation structures. In contrast, stigmatic-area organisation as well as the morphology of stigmatic papillae remain identical between female and hermaphrodite florets and among phylogenetically related species. Thus, stigmatic papilla morphology seems to be a phylogenetically constrained character in the studied species.
Page 1. COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF DISK FLORET TRICHOMES OF ENCELIA (ASTERACEAE: HELIANTHEAE) A Th... more Page 1. COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF DISK FLORET TRICHOMES OF ENCELIA (ASTERACEAE: HELIANTHEAE) A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree ...
Pollen morphology is widely used in taxonomic treatments of tribe Vernonieae, and differences in ... more Pollen morphology is widely used in taxonomic treatments of tribe Vernonieae, and differences in exine structure and aperture form have been described for many species within the genera comprising the tribe. However, in recent years a number of new species ...
The pollen of Canary endemic genus Allagopappus Cass., which includes two species, was examined b... more The pollen of Canary endemic genus Allagopappus Cass., which includes two species, was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Ten populations in all were studied and the following parameters were measured: polar axis (P), equatorial diameter (E), polar exine thickness (Ex1), length (L) and thickness (A) of the spines in the meridional optical section, exine thickness at the centre of the mesocolpium in the interapertural area (Ex2) and distance between spines (De) in the equatorial optical section. The data were processed statistically by the Simpson & Roe graphical test, ANOVA I test for population analysis, and Student's t test for species analysis. Pollen grains are trizonocolporate with shape generally oblate–spheroidal and also prolate–spheroidal, spheroidal or suboblate. Tectum is complete, perforate, with supratectal spines. The results show that the pollen of the two species is very similar regarding shape, apertures, and ornamentation. Nevertheless, the Student's t test shows that pollen from Allagopappus viscosissimus Bolle is larger and it has a thicker exine than that of Allagopappus dichotomus (L. f.) Cass. with a highly significant difference. Furthermore, the ANOVA test seems to point out differences for P, E, Ex1, and Ex2 between populations.
In the present investigation, experiments were conducted to investigate the growth, morphological... more In the present investigation, experiments were conducted to investigate the growth, morphological, anatomical and biochemical responses of UV and drought stresses in Spilanthes acmella (toothache plant). Results were shown that both UV and drought treatments retarded plant growth. Although there was no significant difference in the internal structure of leaf and stem. Morphometric changes such as curling of leaves and shiny surface due to waxy coatings were noticed in plants grown under UV radiation however these changes were absent in water stressed plants but yellowing was observed in the entire leaves. Chlorophyll content and relative water content in leaves were significantly affected by UV and drought. Relative water content markedly increased in UV treated plants and reduced in drought. In UV treated plants chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents were considerably decreased than the drought treated plants. The carotenoid and UV absorbing pigments (flavonoid...
The Spilanthes is known as toothache plant and is accredited with the local anesthetic action due... more The Spilanthes is known as toothache plant and is accredited with the local anesthetic action due to the Spilanthol content. From a taxonomic point of view, this species is confused with other genera and species due to its similar
Spilanthes Jacq. represented by eight species in Kerala state of India is distributed in a wide r... more Spilanthes Jacq. represented by eight species in Kerala state of India is distributed in a wide range of habitats. Many members of the genus are medicinally important. Present study was conducted to find out the chromosome number and ploidy level of existing eight confusing species of Spilanthes collected from different parts of Kerala. The chromosome number varied from 2n = 52 to 2n = 78 with majority of species concentrated in the number 2n = 52, somatic variants were seen in S. ciliata (2n = 78) and S. tetralobata (2n = 65 and 78). This is the first report of chromosome numbers found in three species, S. ghoshinis, S. tetralobata and S. vazhachalensis. The incidence of polyploidy is very much striking in the genus Spilanthes. The members studied showed hexaploid, pentaploid and tetraploid condition, with the basic chromosome number X = 13. Among different species of Spilanthes, S. ghoshinis, S. paniculata and S. uliginosa are tetraploids, S. vazhachalensis is pentaploid, S. calva along with S. radicans are hexaploids. However S. ciliata showed tetraploid and hexaploid plants. S. tetralobata showed tetraploid, pentaploid and hexaploid plants in their natural habitat. The present study confirmed the secondary basic number X = 13 in this genus.
Three new combinations are proposed: Acmella vazhachalensis (Sheela) Reshmi & Rajalakshmi, A. gho... more Three new combinations are proposed: Acmella vazhachalensis (Sheela) Reshmi & Rajalakshmi, A. ghoshinis (Sheela) Reshmi & Rajalakshmi and A. tetralobata (Reshmi & Rajalakshmi) Reshmi & Rajalakshmi, based on taxa originally described in Spilanthes.
Three new combinations are proposed: Acmella vazhachalensis (Sheela) Reshmi & Rajalakshmi, A. gho... more Three new combinations are proposed: Acmella vazhachalensis (Sheela) Reshmi & Rajalakshmi, A. ghoshinis (Sheela) Reshmi & Rajalakshmi and A. tetralobata (Reshmi & Rajalakshmi) Reshmi & Rajalakshmi, based on taxa originally described in Spilanthes.
In the present investigation, experiments were conducted to investigate the growth, morphological... more In the present investigation, experiments were conducted to investigate the growth, morphological, anatomical and biochemical responses of UV and drought stresses in Spilanthes acmella (toothache plant). Results were shown that both UV and drought treatments retarded plant growth. Although there was no significant difference in the internal structure of leaf and stem. Morphometric changes such as curling of leaves and shiny surface due to waxy coatings were noticed in plants grown under UV radiation however these changes were absent in water stressed plants but yellowing was observed in the entire leaves. Chlorophyll content and relative water content in leaves were significantly affected by UV and drought. Relative water content markedly increased in UV treated plants and reduced in drought. In UV treated plants chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents were considerably decreased than the drought treated plants. The carotenoid and UV absorbing pigments (flavonoids and anthocyanins) concentration were increased in both treatments. Changes in contents of antioxidative metabolites under the stresses were observed. Free proline and MDA accumulations also showed significant increase in drought treatment than in UV treatment. During drought condition the catalase activity decreased as compared with the control plant whereas UV treated plants showed increase in the catalase activity.
Spilanthes Jacq. represented by eight species in Kerala state of India is distributed in a wide r... more Spilanthes Jacq. represented by eight species in Kerala state of India is distributed in a wide range of habitats. Many members of the genus are medicinally important. Present study was conducted to find out the chromosome number and ploidy level of existing eight confusing species of Spilanthes collected from different parts of Kerala. The chromosome number varied from 2n=52 to 2n=78 with majority of species concentrated in the number 2n=52, somatic variants were seen in S. ciliata (2n=78) and S. tetralobata (2n=65 and 78). This is the first report of chromosome numbers found in three species, S. ghoshinis, S. tetralobata and S. vazhachalensis. The incidence of polyploidy is very much striking in the genus Spilanthes. The members studied showed hexaploid, pentaploid and tetraploid condition, with the basic chromosome number X = 13. Among different species of Spilanthes, S. ghoshinis, S. paniculata and S. uliginosa are tetraploids, S. vazhachalensis is pentaploid, S. calva along with S. radicans are hexaploids. However S. ciliata showed tetraploid and hexaploid plants. S. tetralobata showed tetra-ploid, pentaploid and hexaploid plants in their natural habitat. The present study confirmed the secondary basic number X= 13 in this genus.
The Spilanthes is known as toothache plant and is accredited with the local anesthetic action due... more The Spilanthes is known as toothache plant and is accredited with the local anesthetic action due to the Spilanthol content. From a taxonomic point of view, this species is confused with other genera and species due to its similar
Spilanthes tetralobata Reshmi et Rajalakshmi, a new species in Asteraceae from Kerala is describe... more Spilanthes tetralobata Reshmi et Rajalakshmi, a new species in Asteraceae from Kerala is described and illustrated. The species is named based on the characteristic of 4 lobed corolla. The species resembles S. ciliata H.B.K. in growing habit, but clearly differ in characters such as nature of ray florets, achene and pollen.
Stylar micromorphological diversity of 42 Asteraceae species from Argentina was analysed consider... more Stylar micromorphological diversity of 42 Asteraceae species from Argentina was analysed considering species phylogenetic membership and some floral reproductive functions (pollen presentation and pollen reception). In particular, the morphology and organisation of pollen presenter (sweeping hairs) and pollen receptive structures (stigmatic papillae) were described. Results showed that style morphology of the studied species is far more diverse than the categories previously established for Asteraceae, and that it is problematic to relate the sweeping-hair arrangement of species to the only three modes of pollen presentation described for the family, indicating that the hypothesised relationship could be more complex than was formerly thought. For all species with di- or trimorphic florets, the styles of female florets were more slender and without or with more reduced sweeping hairs than the styles of hermaphrodite florets, and divergences of sweeping hair arrangements and morphology were higher among phylogenetically related species. These results suggest that functional aspects of floral morphology seem to be more important than phylogenetic constraints as selective forces determining stylar pollen presentation structures. In contrast, stigmatic-area organisation as well as the morphology of stigmatic papillae remain identical between female and hermaphrodite florets and among phylogenetically related species. Thus, stigmatic papilla morphology seems to be a phylogenetically constrained character in the studied species.
Page 1. COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF DISK FLORET TRICHOMES OF ENCELIA (ASTERACEAE: HELIANTHEAE) A Th... more Page 1. COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF DISK FLORET TRICHOMES OF ENCELIA (ASTERACEAE: HELIANTHEAE) A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree ...
Pollen morphology is widely used in taxonomic treatments of tribe Vernonieae, and differences in ... more Pollen morphology is widely used in taxonomic treatments of tribe Vernonieae, and differences in exine structure and aperture form have been described for many species within the genera comprising the tribe. However, in recent years a number of new species ...
The pollen of Canary endemic genus Allagopappus Cass., which includes two species, was examined b... more The pollen of Canary endemic genus Allagopappus Cass., which includes two species, was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Ten populations in all were studied and the following parameters were measured: polar axis (P), equatorial diameter (E), polar exine thickness (Ex1), length (L) and thickness (A) of the spines in the meridional optical section, exine thickness at the centre of the mesocolpium in the interapertural area (Ex2) and distance between spines (De) in the equatorial optical section. The data were processed statistically by the Simpson & Roe graphical test, ANOVA I test for population analysis, and Student's t test for species analysis. Pollen grains are trizonocolporate with shape generally oblate–spheroidal and also prolate–spheroidal, spheroidal or suboblate. Tectum is complete, perforate, with supratectal spines. The results show that the pollen of the two species is very similar regarding shape, apertures, and ornamentation. Nevertheless, the Student's t test shows that pollen from Allagopappus viscosissimus Bolle is larger and it has a thicker exine than that of Allagopappus dichotomus (L. f.) Cass. with a highly significant difference. Furthermore, the ANOVA test seems to point out differences for P, E, Ex1, and Ex2 between populations.
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