Me .Hussain Randathani, PhD holder working as professor in CPA College of Global Studies in Puthanathani, Malappuram India. I have written 29 books in English and regional language Malayalam. For details see my profile in www.hussainrandathani.in Phone: 91 9995946382 Address: Areekkal House,
Randathani,
India,
676510
History of Muslims of Malabar 1800-1921, brings out the culture and politics of Mappila Muslims ... more History of Muslims of Malabar 1800-1921, brings out the culture and politics of Mappila Muslims of Malabar region of India
Muzaffar Ahmad hailing from Bengal had been known as Kaka Babu for the COmmunists of India becaus... more Muzaffar Ahmad hailing from Bengal had been known as Kaka Babu for the COmmunists of India because he was one of the elder leaders of Communism. He along with his friends and associates endeavored in establishing and organizing the Communist Party of India
Malabar witnessed a series of struggles against the colonialists. Muslim peasants of the area st... more Malabar witnessed a series of struggles against the colonialists. Muslim peasants of the area stood in the forefront in all the struggles and their religious doctrines played a prominent role in molding an ideology for the anti-colonial struggles. Here Ali Musliyar who had been a teacher in a mosque academy became the master pin in the freedom struggle and established a khilafat rule in the area, at least for six months. He was arrested and died during his prayers in the jail. The British authorities fulfilled their " civilizing mission" by hanging his dead body on the gallows and recording as the Musliyar was hanged to death.
Medieval Period' deals with the trade and cultural exchanges between the foreigners and Malabar a... more Medieval Period' deals with the trade and cultural exchanges between the foreigners and Malabar and preservation of a trade culture in the area. Arab trade relation with Malabar had started from time immemorial and there existed continuous cultural exchange between the two from those times onwards. Even the Greek texts like Periplus of Erythrian Sea had reference of Nabati Arabs who frequented Malabar coast for trade in 50-60AD. Omani Arab merchants maintained close contact with the coast from first century on wards that the Omanis imported coconuts from Malabar Coast to Arab and North African lands. The paper analyses various ways through which the trade and the commodities affected the life and culture of the people and how the trade was secured through the unity of cultural diversity of the people. The spread of Islam along with trade and the missionary zeal of traders who as the agents of trade and religion, maintained the honesty and truthfulness which brought them admiration from the natives and the rajas. The paper discusses these aspects with the help of official and local records.
The study is aimed at unfolding the controversy existed among the ulama of Malabar on chanting th... more The study is aimed at unfolding the controversy existed among the ulama of Malabar on chanting the zikr " La Maujuda Illallah'. A group f Ulama came against the litany by saying that it is forbidden. The article examines the various theories put forward by the ulama to prove their arguments.
The articles brings out the controversy existed among the ulama and sufis in various parts of the... more The articles brings out the controversy existed among the ulama and sufis in various parts of the world and how it was brought to Malabar. A through analysis has been made on the fatwas of Malabar ulama on the subject. At the same time the indebtedness of Islam to Music has also been discussed
Umar Qazi has been one of the illustrious personality of Malabar. he was an Islamic scholar and f... more Umar Qazi has been one of the illustrious personality of Malabar. he was an Islamic scholar and freedom fighter. He was a poet of merit and his poems are still prevalent in Malabar. here is an analysis of his contributions
In the absence of official documents many of the historical figures are undermined in the academi... more In the absence of official documents many of the historical figures are undermined in the academic struggles. Umar Qazi who fought against the colonialism of Malabar is one among them. He sacrifices his life for scholarship and literary activities along with his strong determination to fight against the atrocities of the colonial regime in Malabar, the southern tip of India
The paper brings to light how sufism was enriched on the coast of Malabar with migration of Ba Al... more The paper brings to light how sufism was enriched on the coast of Malabar with migration of Ba Alawi Sayyids from Hadramaut.
Here the paper brings out the statements of Swami Vivekananda, the famous Indian saint on Islam a... more Here the paper brings out the statements of Swami Vivekananda, the famous Indian saint on Islam and Muslims and the need of understanding Islam for a proper study of Hindu Pantheism
The study is an attempt to analyse the sufi perspective on Hindu religion in India based on the s... more The study is an attempt to analyse the sufi perspective on Hindu religion in India based on the scriptures of both Hinduism and Islam and the findings of sufi teachers
Here is the hostory of Bukhari sayyids who migrated to Malabar region of India in the medieval pe... more Here is the hostory of Bukhari sayyids who migrated to Malabar region of India in the medieval period. They acted as missionaries while their contemporaries the Hadramis followed missionary works along with their trade.
Fatwas or religious edicts played an important role in the anti Colonialism in Asia. Here is some... more Fatwas or religious edicts played an important role in the anti Colonialism in Asia. Here is some fatwas of the ulema who stood against the British colonialism in Malabar
The paper describes various aspects of the Persian elements contained in the culture and literatu... more The paper describes various aspects of the Persian elements contained in the culture and literature of the Mappila Muslims of Malabar. This includes the imapact of trade, religion, sufism and life struture
Almost all the branches of Hadrami (BA Alawi) sayyids had their branches in Malabar. They activel... more Almost all the branches of Hadrami (BA Alawi) sayyids had their branches in Malabar. They actively engaged in the religious and missionary commotions following the Sunni Shafi creed of Islam. They attracted the people through their magical healing powers and spiritual devotion. The mausoleums of the Jamalullai sayyids even now attract people who visit these shrines to invoke the blessings of the dead and fulfill their needs a practice followed by the traditional Muslims. The ancestor of the family Sayyid Muhammad Jamalullaili son of Hasan Muallam, born in 750/1349 at Tarim , Hadarmaut, was highly devotional with attractive qualities. The people called him Jamalullaili (The camel of he night) because he stood in prayer throughout the night., the Prophet The Malabar Branch The Malabar branch of Jamalullaili was instituted by Sayyid Muhammad Jamalullali son of Sayyid Abdurahman Jamalullaili who has been the ruler of Ache(Sumatra) in the modern Indonesia. Though born in a highly rich family Sayyid Muhammad followed a life of austerity and immersed in deep devotion following strictly the injunctions of the faith. He left the palace wandering in the jungles and meeting eminent saints of the time and acquiring spiritual knowledge.. He was initiated to different sufi orders including Qadiri, Naqshabandi, Suhrawardi, Chishti and Tabaqati and rose himself to the status of Qutub (Pivot) the highest ladder of sufism.
The paper brings out the cultural confluence of indigenous Hindu culture with the culture of Isla... more The paper brings out the cultural confluence of indigenous Hindu culture with the culture of Islam in Malabar on the western coast of India
History of Muslims of Malabar 1800-1921, brings out the culture and politics of Mappila Muslims ... more History of Muslims of Malabar 1800-1921, brings out the culture and politics of Mappila Muslims of Malabar region of India
Muzaffar Ahmad hailing from Bengal had been known as Kaka Babu for the COmmunists of India becaus... more Muzaffar Ahmad hailing from Bengal had been known as Kaka Babu for the COmmunists of India because he was one of the elder leaders of Communism. He along with his friends and associates endeavored in establishing and organizing the Communist Party of India
Malabar witnessed a series of struggles against the colonialists. Muslim peasants of the area st... more Malabar witnessed a series of struggles against the colonialists. Muslim peasants of the area stood in the forefront in all the struggles and their religious doctrines played a prominent role in molding an ideology for the anti-colonial struggles. Here Ali Musliyar who had been a teacher in a mosque academy became the master pin in the freedom struggle and established a khilafat rule in the area, at least for six months. He was arrested and died during his prayers in the jail. The British authorities fulfilled their " civilizing mission" by hanging his dead body on the gallows and recording as the Musliyar was hanged to death.
Medieval Period' deals with the trade and cultural exchanges between the foreigners and Malabar a... more Medieval Period' deals with the trade and cultural exchanges between the foreigners and Malabar and preservation of a trade culture in the area. Arab trade relation with Malabar had started from time immemorial and there existed continuous cultural exchange between the two from those times onwards. Even the Greek texts like Periplus of Erythrian Sea had reference of Nabati Arabs who frequented Malabar coast for trade in 50-60AD. Omani Arab merchants maintained close contact with the coast from first century on wards that the Omanis imported coconuts from Malabar Coast to Arab and North African lands. The paper analyses various ways through which the trade and the commodities affected the life and culture of the people and how the trade was secured through the unity of cultural diversity of the people. The spread of Islam along with trade and the missionary zeal of traders who as the agents of trade and religion, maintained the honesty and truthfulness which brought them admiration from the natives and the rajas. The paper discusses these aspects with the help of official and local records.
The study is aimed at unfolding the controversy existed among the ulama of Malabar on chanting th... more The study is aimed at unfolding the controversy existed among the ulama of Malabar on chanting the zikr " La Maujuda Illallah'. A group f Ulama came against the litany by saying that it is forbidden. The article examines the various theories put forward by the ulama to prove their arguments.
The articles brings out the controversy existed among the ulama and sufis in various parts of the... more The articles brings out the controversy existed among the ulama and sufis in various parts of the world and how it was brought to Malabar. A through analysis has been made on the fatwas of Malabar ulama on the subject. At the same time the indebtedness of Islam to Music has also been discussed
Umar Qazi has been one of the illustrious personality of Malabar. he was an Islamic scholar and f... more Umar Qazi has been one of the illustrious personality of Malabar. he was an Islamic scholar and freedom fighter. He was a poet of merit and his poems are still prevalent in Malabar. here is an analysis of his contributions
In the absence of official documents many of the historical figures are undermined in the academi... more In the absence of official documents many of the historical figures are undermined in the academic struggles. Umar Qazi who fought against the colonialism of Malabar is one among them. He sacrifices his life for scholarship and literary activities along with his strong determination to fight against the atrocities of the colonial regime in Malabar, the southern tip of India
The paper brings to light how sufism was enriched on the coast of Malabar with migration of Ba Al... more The paper brings to light how sufism was enriched on the coast of Malabar with migration of Ba Alawi Sayyids from Hadramaut.
Here the paper brings out the statements of Swami Vivekananda, the famous Indian saint on Islam a... more Here the paper brings out the statements of Swami Vivekananda, the famous Indian saint on Islam and Muslims and the need of understanding Islam for a proper study of Hindu Pantheism
The study is an attempt to analyse the sufi perspective on Hindu religion in India based on the s... more The study is an attempt to analyse the sufi perspective on Hindu religion in India based on the scriptures of both Hinduism and Islam and the findings of sufi teachers
Here is the hostory of Bukhari sayyids who migrated to Malabar region of India in the medieval pe... more Here is the hostory of Bukhari sayyids who migrated to Malabar region of India in the medieval period. They acted as missionaries while their contemporaries the Hadramis followed missionary works along with their trade.
Fatwas or religious edicts played an important role in the anti Colonialism in Asia. Here is some... more Fatwas or religious edicts played an important role in the anti Colonialism in Asia. Here is some fatwas of the ulema who stood against the British colonialism in Malabar
The paper describes various aspects of the Persian elements contained in the culture and literatu... more The paper describes various aspects of the Persian elements contained in the culture and literature of the Mappila Muslims of Malabar. This includes the imapact of trade, religion, sufism and life struture
Almost all the branches of Hadrami (BA Alawi) sayyids had their branches in Malabar. They activel... more Almost all the branches of Hadrami (BA Alawi) sayyids had their branches in Malabar. They actively engaged in the religious and missionary commotions following the Sunni Shafi creed of Islam. They attracted the people through their magical healing powers and spiritual devotion. The mausoleums of the Jamalullai sayyids even now attract people who visit these shrines to invoke the blessings of the dead and fulfill their needs a practice followed by the traditional Muslims. The ancestor of the family Sayyid Muhammad Jamalullaili son of Hasan Muallam, born in 750/1349 at Tarim , Hadarmaut, was highly devotional with attractive qualities. The people called him Jamalullaili (The camel of he night) because he stood in prayer throughout the night., the Prophet The Malabar Branch The Malabar branch of Jamalullaili was instituted by Sayyid Muhammad Jamalullali son of Sayyid Abdurahman Jamalullaili who has been the ruler of Ache(Sumatra) in the modern Indonesia. Though born in a highly rich family Sayyid Muhammad followed a life of austerity and immersed in deep devotion following strictly the injunctions of the faith. He left the palace wandering in the jungles and meeting eminent saints of the time and acquiring spiritual knowledge.. He was initiated to different sufi orders including Qadiri, Naqshabandi, Suhrawardi, Chishti and Tabaqati and rose himself to the status of Qutub (Pivot) the highest ladder of sufism.
The paper brings out the cultural confluence of indigenous Hindu culture with the culture of Isla... more The paper brings out the cultural confluence of indigenous Hindu culture with the culture of Islam in Malabar on the western coast of India
The paper, 'Trade and Culture; Indian Ocean Interaction on the Coast of Malabar in Medieval Perio... more The paper, 'Trade and Culture; Indian Ocean Interaction on the Coast of Malabar in Medieval Period' deals with the trade and cultural exchanges between the foreigners and Malabar and preservation of trade culture in the area. Arab trade relation with Malabar had started from time immemorial and there existed continuous cultural exchange between the two from those times onwards. Even the Greek texts like Periplus of Erythrian Sea had reference of Nabati Arabs who frequented Malabar coast for trade in 50-60AD. Omani Arab merchants maintained close contact with the coast from first century on wards that the Omanis imported coconuts from Malabar Coast to Arab and North African lands. During the time of Prophet Muhammad Persians were predominant in the field of oceanic trade. Even after the prophet the Persians continued their supremacy as Muslims and they performed their religious duty as missionaries. The first missionary who entered India, Malik Dinar and his comrades, were originally Persians who spread far and wide in Arab lands from ancient times onwards. The Persian Sassanid Empire and the trade activities were responsible for this rapid spread of Persians in Arab lands. The Persian influence continued during the period of Abbasid Caliphate who took their seat at Baghdad , a Persian city. The paper analyses various ways through which the trade and the commodities affected the life and culture of the people and how the trade was secured through the cultural life of the people. The spread of Islam along with trade and the missionary zeal of traders who as the agents of trade and religion, maintained the honesty and truthfulness which brought them admiration from the natives and the rajas. The paper discusses these aspects with the help of official and local records.
When you interpret history according to your own will, history becomes a tangled story. The sulta... more When you interpret history according to your own will, history becomes a tangled story. The sultans who ruled India in medieval times appointed many court historians to write history to glorify them. They interpreted the rule of the Sultans in the name of religion. They justified good and evil deeds in the name of religion. Court historians received gifts and honors from the sultans. So they tuned their writings according to the wishes of the sultans. Along with that, history often became a convoluted story. Most of the later historians followed these interpretations. Imperial historians interpreted Indian history on communal lines making one religion against the other. They also depended up on the court history to develop their interpretations. The so-called national historians emulated imperial interpretations based on communalism. The same interpretation was taken to the academic circles as well. When the Allahabad and Aligarh scholars came forward against this distorted interpretation, the facts of the medieval Muslim rule came to light. Marxian scientific historians
Sufism developed as a world movement in twelfth century when it was transformed into distinct ord... more Sufism developed as a world movement in twelfth century when it was transformed into distinct orders or tariqas. By this time there developed a well-knit network through which the sufis spread their ideas in different parts of the world.
MP Narayana Menon has been a Malabar leader of Indian Freedom Struggle, who also worked for the e... more MP Narayana Menon has been a Malabar leader of Indian Freedom Struggle, who also worked for the emancipation of tenants in Malabar region. He actively participated in the Khilafat and Non Cooperation Movements.
Mozhikkunnath Brahmadathan Nambootirippad (1897-1964), as the name indicates was a Brahman landlo... more Mozhikkunnath Brahmadathan Nambootirippad (1897-1964), as the name indicates was a Brahman landlord of Malabar. He belonged to the patrician (Atyan) class of the Brahmins, and called as Namboothirippad, 'pad' being a special addition to the class. He was the leader of native National Congress Committee and Khilafat Committee and a true follower of Mahatma Gandhi. He was arrested and subjected to hardships in jail. After his release he continued his activities as a reformer and Congress activist.
the articles discusses, how Indian Sufism assimilated with Indian spiritual thought and provided ... more the articles discusses, how Indian Sufism assimilated with Indian spiritual thought and provided an atmosphere for religious harmony in the Indian environment
The monograph describe the occultic practices called Asma wa Thalsamat prevailed among the Mappil... more The monograph describe the occultic practices called Asma wa Thalsamat prevailed among the Mappila Muslims of Malabar
The article describes about the freedom struggle led by a sufi preacher Konnara Muhammad Koya Tha... more The article describes about the freedom struggle led by a sufi preacher Konnara Muhammad Koya Thangal Bukhari in Malabar during the Khilafat struggle of 1921
It is the biographical sketch of Mozhikkunnath brahmadattan Nampoothirippad who as a Congress man... more It is the biographical sketch of Mozhikkunnath brahmadattan Nampoothirippad who as a Congress man was jailed during Malabar rebellion of 1921. Here is his analysis of the rebellion
Albiruni, A versatile genius was responsible for spreading the fame of India through out the Arab... more Albiruni, A versatile genius was responsible for spreading the fame of India through out the Arab world. His works critically analyzes the all that is connected with India. His Tarikh al hind (Al Biruni's India) discusses the whole life of India, its history, scinces, customs and traditions.
Bafaqi Thangal had been a leader of the Muslims of Kerala in political and religious fields. He p... more Bafaqi Thangal had been a leader of the Muslims of Kerala in political and religious fields. He personality impressed the political and religious authorities of the time and his decision was upheld supreme by all.
Sayyid Fazlul Hasan, commonly known as Hazrat Mohani, was a versatile genius of twentieth century... more Sayyid Fazlul Hasan, commonly known as Hazrat Mohani, was a versatile genius of twentieth century India. He worked incessantly and played various roles as a social activist, politician, freedom fighter, journalist, critic, poet, and a God-fearing communist. He worked for the Indian National Congress Party holding important offices, remained active with Swadeshi Movement, moved the first-ever resolution for complete freedom, and chaired sessions at different platforms like Indian National Congress, Muslim League, Jamiat-ul Ulama-i-Hind, and the Communist Party of India which he also helped to found. As he gave the call of Inquilab Zindabad-Long Live Revolution-he always fought for complete independence of India from the British rule. He was imprisoned on several occasions for his rebellious attitude towards the British but he always kept his spirit high without succumbing to any underhand policy or upper-hand pressure. After India's independence, he worked as a member of the Constituent Assembly that drafted the Indian Constitution but did not sign it as he had his own reservations in this matter. In all his positions and responsibilities, Hasrat worked in all humility, living a simple life like a dervish with absolutely no place for pomp or pretension in his life. Hasrat was born in 1881 at Mohan, a qasba (town) in the Unnao district, near Lucknow, in Uttar Pradesh as the son of Sayyid Azhar hasan and Shahr Banu. After his primary studies at Mohan, he moved to near by town Fatehpur Sikri for his school education. Hailing from a traditional sufi family he was attached to Chishthi and Qadir Sufi orders and had deep attachment with Firangi Mahalis, the traditional Sunni scholars of North India.
Tipu Sultan, the eldest son of Haider Ali, was born on December 10, 1750 at Devanhalli. Right fro... more Tipu Sultan, the eldest son of Haider Ali, was born on December 10, 1750 at Devanhalli. Right from his early years he was trained in the art of warfare and at the age of 15 he used to accompany his father Haider Ali, the ruler of Mysore, to different military campaigns. In Addition, he also learnt different languages, mathematics and science. Tipu Sultan had a fascination for learning. His personal library consisted of more than 2,000 books in different languages. He was an extremely active man and worked hard for the welfare of his subjects. He took over the kingdom of Mysore after the death of his father in 1782, who died of a carbuncle in the midst of a campaign against the British. He continued fighting the British and defeated them in 1783. Being an arch enemy of the British and their allies, the British historians and those who followed them branded Tipu as fanatic inflicting cruelties up on Hindus and Christians of the conquered regions and converting them into Islam or annihilating them. It is true that he was inimical to his enemies as all the rulers and most often towards the Nairs of Travencore and the Christians of Mangalore and the British who fought against him. When he became victorious in the battles he captured them and punished them either with death or imprisonment. Many of them were banished from the country. Those prisoners who were willing to convert were freed and appointed in various posts in the army or administration. But, when peace was brought and enmity came to an end, Tipu extended his justice to all irrespective of their faith and caste, a appointing high castes in importance posts. The British who fought with Tipu brought a number of false stories against him, of killing Hindus and Christians and forcibly converting them. But we find no instances of religious rivalry from the part of Tipu in his dominions. On the other hand he provided grants and endowments to the temples for their maintenance and renovation. A study of the primary sources, particularly his letters, farmans and orders, it becomes crystal clear that he was a modern ruler with a secular outlook and a manwith reforming zeal. The British not only asked his commanders to disfigure the Sultan, but also forced even his relatives to give false statements about him after they were arrested and confined. Even Kirmani, his close associate also had to write against him under pressure from the authorities. That is how the Sulthan was depicted as fanatic and cruel. Tipu Sultan was a farsighted person who could foresee East India Company's design to get entrenched in India. He therefore negotiated with the French for help and also sought assistance from the Amir of Afghanistan and the Sultan of Turkey. The British were scared of Tipu's growing strength and after their defeat in 1783 they formed an alliance with the Nizam of Hyderabad and Marhattas. The French, however, deserted Tipu after the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. The British availed the chance with the help of the Nizam and the Marathas, and started the third Anglo-Mysore war in 1790. As long as the British fought alone, Tipu always defeated them. But he could not come over their diplomacy, conspiracy and intrigue. Thus he was defeated in his capital, Seringapatam, and was forced to sign a humiliating treaty on March 22, 1792. As a result he had to concede half of his kingdom and pay an indemnity of 33 million rupees to the British and their allies. The alliance between the adversaries was soon broken and in 1795 the British, after defeating the Nizam, once again turned their attention towards
The paper make a peep into the cultural exchanges between India and Arab world during the Medieva... more The paper make a peep into the cultural exchanges between India and Arab world during the Medieval period. The Arab India relations is going back to prehistoric times that the trade relations contributed to the exchanges of cultures
The paper describes, how Islam had influenced India in a historical perspective. It brings out th... more The paper describes, how Islam had influenced India in a historical perspective. It brings out the role of the rulers and Sufis in spreading the Islamic culture in India.
Islam had played a great role in India contributing its Equality and brother hood to do away the ... more Islam had played a great role in India contributing its Equality and brother hood to do away the caste ridden social structure, and enriching the Indian culture with Arabian and Persian ones. Often the contribution of Islam in India is seldom brought to discussion by Historians and facts are undermined to bring communal discords and differences. When we analyse the facts it is crystal clear that Islam propagated by Sufis had contributed to enrich the Indian culture. In the sphere of Arts, literature, music, customs and ceremonies and life styles Islam had completely changed the Indian culture.
Karl Marx is often targeted for his anti religious stand propagated by Marxists and critics. A re... more Karl Marx is often targeted for his anti religious stand propagated by Marxists and critics. A revisit to the Marxian studies, however shows that Karl Marx was not an enemy of religion, instead wherever religion stood for oppressed he praised it and supported. Being a socialist his activities were aimed at the emancipation of the working class and whatever stood in its path he criticized. He maintained that religion in his original form supported the working class. Read the article
The fascist leaders of India, in the absence of a glittering history, found fabricating by coveri... more The fascist leaders of India, in the absence of a glittering history, found fabricating by covering national leaders with saffron clad. Sardar Vallabhai Patel, the iron man of India and a critic of Rashtriya Swayam Sevaka Sangh, the apex body of fascism, had been placed in the line of the leaders of fascism in India. Dr. Ambedhkar, the architect of Indian constitution is also added to their fold and even Mahatma Gandhi, the father of nation who was murdered by fascist themselves is now praised and eulogized by the Sangh Parivar. The Parivar is trying to cover their ugly face with democracy and secularism by pursuing the anti nationalist and anti minority agenda secretly. In Bengal the RSS and BJP finding nothing in the soil of Bengali speaking people covered the Bengali poets like Rabindranath Tagore and Kazi Nazrul Islam with saffron jackets. They recite the prayers and poems of Kazi and claimed that he stood for Indian nationalism envisaged by the fascists and put into their mouths the manthras and couplets written by him on Krishna, Rama and other Hindu sages. They cleverly fabricate stories to assert their claim forgetting that Kazi was a strong secularist and communist who asserted that both Islam and Indian heritage preached equality and fraternity of the people. When the RSS target Muslim youths in the name of love jihad, they forget that Kazi was also a love jihadist who loved and married a Hindu Brahman lady. While the fascists attack communists as their first hand enemies, cleverly conceal that Kazi was a staunch communist and worked as a right hand of communist leadership. He preached communism through his poems and some of the titles, Samyabadi (Communist), Sarbahara (Proletariat) and Bidrohi (Rebel) are illustrious examples to prove this. Here I would try to analyse the views of Kazi Nasr al Islam regarding secularism and freedom and emancipation of women and peasants and his contribution to the communist awakening in India. He was born at Churulia Village, in Asansole District, on Friday 24 May 1899. His father Faqir Ahmad was a Taluqdar who in his later years took care of a local mosque and Nasar served as a Muazzin (One who call for prayer) there. He followed the traditional education at Madrasa and at the age of ten, his father died and he continued to serve the mosque to maintain his family. Later he joined a folk theatre and got training in acting and writing poems. Besides Urdu and Islamic literature, he also studied Bengali, Sanskrit and Hindu scriptures. He took admission in a High School in his area, but was forced to left the school due to his failure in remitting the fees. He took job in a Bakery for few years and with the earnings he joined another school where he studied Arabic, Persian and Bengali literature. By now he had written a number of poems on Hindu and Muslim heroes and became famous among all the Bengali speaking people. He studied up to the grade ten and directly joined the British army and served the British until he was promoted to the post of Havildar.
The first war of Indian Independence, often called as 1857 Mutiny was the first joined attempt of... more The first war of Indian Independence, often called as 1857 Mutiny was the first joined attempt of the Indians against the British Raj. Though different reasons are attributed to the war, all the participants had the single aim of putting and end to the British rule. All of them wanted to bring back the Mughal rule forgetting their differences. That is why the national historians termed the so called mutiny as the First War of Independence. The war was led mainly by sepoys (British Indian Soldiers) and Muslim sbolars (ulama) and Brahmin pandits under the leadership of the last Mughal ruler Bahadur Shah Zafar, Some princely states also joined the war when the British authorities denied them their freedom and existence through various acts. Muslim ulama played a pivotal role in the struggle, but in the absence of concrete planning and under estimation of the strength of the enemy, the struggle ended in failure. As a result the Muslim community had to bear the consequences at the hands of the British authorities. However, the struggle became a land mark in the history of Indian freedom struggle. It began as a mutiny by the British Indian soldiers over economic and religious issues leading to a popular agitation supported by all who fed up with the British rule. It was the end of the endurance of a people who had been oppressed for a long time. The struggle spread at different parts of the country causing serious damages to the British hegemony.that alarmed authorities had to struggle hard to quell it. Faslul Haq Khairabadi, the religious scholar who held considerable strength among Muslim masses issued fatwas of jihad and instigated the people for rebellion through his blistering speeches. He was later imprisoned and sent to Andaman jails. In his book on the struggle, Thourat al Hindiayya, he points out the reasons of the struggle. " When the cities, villages and the regions in Hindustan were usurped by the British Christians their hearts got filled with outrage and enmity. As they attacked everybody with position and status, nobody was able to live with honour. The British made a plan to convert all Indians in to Christianity without giving attention to their status in the society. They thought that as the Indians had nobody to help, they would surrender without a fight. They knew that if the religion of the ruled and the rulers differed that might cause hurdles in governance. Hence they began to destroy the religion and beliefs of the Indians using every chance available. They tried to give education to children and the illiterates in their own language, English and tried to convert them. They established schools in cities and villages for this purpose. " 1 The utilitarian historians held the view that the 1857 struggle was one made by the religious fanatics against the Christians. It was also considered as a mutiny by the British Indian soldiers. National writer Surendranath Sen rightly says that, if there is no nationalism oriented love for the country that time, the main persuading factor will be religion. In the struggle all sections of people joined the British Indian soldiers to protect their own religions. 2 The mutiny, in one sense, was the result of unity of Hindu – Muslim communities against the western culture. Along with that it was the last struggle made by Brahmins and Maulavis together to expel the foreigners (Ibid). Indians feared that western culture might destroy the beliefs and customs which they
Though late, the veracity of Indian history written by colonial historians and the nationalist-ra... more Though late, the veracity of Indian history written by colonial historians and the nationalist-racist historians following colonial footsteps , has been questioned by secularist and scientific historians. History of India has been often termed by Modern scholars like D.D.Kosambi as a heap of myths and class – color prejudices. The studies of modern scholars from D.D.Kosambi to Bipan Chandra rightly assert that Indian History does not often do justice to the historical facts. The combined efforts of the colonialists and communalists had buried the contribution of the minorities and Dalits towards the independence of the country and India's Muslim population became the most neglected. Even Mr. R.C.Majumdar, who led the documentation of Indian history had often taken care not to bring to light the contribution of the Muslim rule in India and its manifold effects in the integration of the country and the subsequent involvement of Muslims in the Freedom struggle. The fact of being the first community to start the freedom struggle to oust the British has been shelved and even the Independent Indian governments followed the same attitude in writing Indian History. Subhash Chandra Bose points out to this ultimate truth when he observed that the British propaganda brought a consciousness that spread clearly that Muslims are against independence movement. But the fact remains that there were a number of Muslims in the nationalist movement.1 Santhimony Rai underlines the same fact while making a remark about First War of Independence-The traditional historians mention the names of Nana Saheb, Tantia Thopi, Rani Lakshmi Bhai of Jhansi and Kanvar Singh as courageous leaders. Surely, they cannot be forgotten. But the pity is that there are only a few who remember Moulavi Abulla Shah of Faizabad who played a pivotal role in organizing the mutiny against British rule in 1857. The revolutionary forces behind him inflicted heavy losses to the British. That was why an amount of Rs. 50,000 was declared as prize to the person who might capture Shah dead or alive.2 The Muslims were first to act against the British colonialism and started a popular movement for the purpose. There were reasons for this. The British established their rule by defeating the Mughuls. Naturally this developed anger among large sections of Muslims, but for Hindus it was just a change of rulers. The Hindus who found satisfaction under the Mogul empire expected the same from the British rule as well. Moreover, because of their natural attitude of accepting all cultures, hatred did not develop among them who had shared the Muslim administration by studying Persian had now to study English to continue their job. The British hegemony brought a heavy blow to the Muslims. They experienced backlashes in the economic, social and cultural spheres. The disappearance of the Mughul empire was unbearable to them since it was the symbol of their cultural status. Their positions in the administration were taken away and the favors hitherto availed by them being blocked and this was not at all pardonable. The British tried to appease the high caste Hindus reducing the influence of Muslims due to their enmity with Mughuls and Islam. Muslim existence was questioned by Lord Cornwallis by bringing the permanent land tax and encroaching the wealth gifted to the religious institutions by the Mughuls for their maintenance. Muslims were the most distressed when the British replaced Persian with English as official language and reducing the status of Shariath laws hitherto followed by the Mughuls. Muslims had no place anywhere in the British administrative system. When Shari'at courts were stopped, the Muslim scholars lost the only
Though late, the veracity of Indian history written by colonial historians and the nationalist- r... more Though late, the veracity of Indian history written by colonial historians and the nationalist- racist historians following colonial foot-steps, has been questioned by secularist and scientific historians. History of India has been often termed by Modern scholars like D.D.Kosambi as a heap of myths and class – color prejudices. The studies of modern scholars from D.D.Kosambi to Bipan Chandra rightly assert that Indian History does not often do justice to the historical facts. The combined efforts of the colonialists and communalists had buried the contribution of the minorities and Dalits towards the independence of the country and India’s Muslim population became the most neglected. Even Mr. R.C.Majumdar, who led the documentation of Indian history had often taken care not to bring to light the contribution of the Muslim rule in India and its manifold effects in the integration of the country and the subsequent involvement of Muslims in the Freedom struggle. The fact of being the first community to start the freedom struggle to oust the British has been shelved and even the Independent Indian governments followed the same attitude in writing Indian History.
The article deals with the leadership of Hadrami sayyids in the anti-colonial struggles in the Ma... more The article deals with the leadership of Hadrami sayyids in the anti-colonial struggles in the Malabar region of India.
This is the history of Muslims of Malabar from 1800-1921. It brings out the culture and politics ... more This is the history of Muslims of Malabar from 1800-1921. It brings out the culture and politics of the Mappila COmmunisty in the southern region of India during British rule
MAPPILA SONGS AND PERFORMING ARTS ;GENESIS AND SYNTHESIS
Here an investigation made through how Malayalam literature is indebted to Tamil literature and c... more Here an investigation made through how Malayalam literature is indebted to Tamil literature and culture by analysing the Mappila songs prevalent in South India.
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