The nutrition transition transforms food systems globally and shapes public health and environmen... more The nutrition transition transforms food systems globally and shapes public health and environmental change. Here we provide a global forward-looking assessment of a continued nutrition transition and its interlinked symptoms in respect to food consumption. These symptoms range from underweight and unbalanced diets to obesity, food waste and environmental pressure. We find that by 2050, 45% (39–52%) of the world population will be overweight and 16% (13–20%) obese, compared to 29% and 9% in 2010 respectively. The prevalence of underweight approximately halves but absolute numbers stagnate at 0.4–0.7 billion. Aligned, dietary composition shifts towards animal-source foods and empty calories, while the consumption of vegetables, fruits and nuts increases insufficiently. Population growth, ageing, increasing body mass and more wasteful consumption patterns are jointly pushing global food demand from 30 to 45 (43–47) Exajoules. Our comprehensive open dataset and model provides the inter...
Journal of Nanoengineering and Nanomanufacturing, 2015
ABSTRACT In the present study iron oxide nanoparticles are synthesized extracellularly using bake... more ABSTRACT In the present study iron oxide nanoparticles are synthesized extracellularly using baker’s yeast under ambient conditions. Iron oxide nanoparticles obtained were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). TEM and STM studies show that the particle size is in the range of 2-10 nm. Vibrating sample magnetometer measurement shows superparamagnetic behavior of nanoparticles. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were found to possess peroxidase enzyme like activity. The temperature optima, pH and kinetic parameters of the nanoparticles were investigated and compared with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The kinetic parameters indicates that the synthesized nanoparticles can be efficiently used as an artificial peroxidase. The peroxidase like activity of the nanoparticles can be exploited for the detection of H2O2 and glucose.
This preliminary study on I-gel (Intersurgical Ltd, Wokingham, U K) was conducted on 50 consecuti... more This preliminary study on I-gel (Intersurgical Ltd, Wokingham, U K) was conducted on 50 consecutive patients of ASA physical status I-III, to determine the ease of insertion, time to achieve effective airway, oropharyngeal seal pressure and airway stability on head and neck movement. After premedication with midazolam and fentanyl, induction was done with propofol and I-gel was inserted according to manufacturer's instruction. An effective airway was confirmed by bilateral chest movement, square wave on capnograph and SpO(2)>95%. The success rate at first attempt was 90% with a median insertion time of 11 sec (range 8-45sec). Five patients (10%) needed second attempt while none needed 3(rd) attempt. The manipulation needed to achieve effective airway were increasing the depth of insertion of I-gel in 4 (8%) cases, jaw thrust or chin lift in 2(4%) cases. Oropharyngeal seal pressure was 20 cm of H(2)O (16-40 cm of H(2)O). Gastric tube placement was done in 50% of the cases; it ...
ABSTRACT Nanotechnology can be defined as a research for the design, synthesis and manipulation o... more ABSTRACT Nanotechnology can be defined as a research for the design, synthesis and manipulation of structure of particles with dimension smaller than 100 nm. The nanoparticles are of great scientific interest as they bridge the gap between bulk materials and atomic or molecular structures. Metallic nanoparticles have possible applications in diverse areas such as electronics, cosmetics, coatings, packaging and biotechnology. Although chemical and physical methods may successfully produce pure, well defined nanoparticles, these are quite expensive and potentially dangerous to the environment. Use of biological materials could be an alternative to chemical and physical methods for the production of nanoparticles in an eco-friendly manner. A promising approach to achieve this objective is to exploit the array of biological resources in nature. Over the past several years, plants, algae, fungi, bacteria, viruses and enzymes have been used for the production of low-cost, energy –efficient and non toxic metallic nanoparticles. The integration of biological molecules and materials at the nanoscale has the potential to revolutionize many fields of science and technology. The nanometer size scale is particularly relevant in biology, because the dimensions of large molecules such as proteins and DNA, as well as those of many important sub cellular structures, fall in the 1-1000 nm range. In this chapter, we provide an overview of various methods of synthesis of metallic nanoparticles by biological means.
To evaluate the efficacy of a single preoperative dose of 600 mg of gabapentin for reducing posto... more To evaluate the efficacy of a single preoperative dose of 600 mg of gabapentin for reducing postoperative pain and tramadol consumption after minilap open cholecystectomy. A total of 120 adult patients of either sex were randomly assigned to receive 600 mg of gabapentin or a matched placebo orally 2 h before operation in a double-blind manner. All the patients received gabapentin using the same technique. Postoperative analgesia was provided with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with tramadol using a 50-mg initial bolus dose, 20-mg incremental dose, 15-min lockout interval and 4-h limit of 240 mg. Patients were assessed at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h after operation for verbal analogue pain scores at rest and at movement. Consumption of tramadol on first and second postoperative days and any adverse effects were also recorded. Verbal analogue pain scores were significantly lower on first postoperative day at all times of observation both at rest and at movement in gabapentin group than in placebo group (P<0.01). Tramadol consumption was also reduced by 33% in gabapentin group. But pain scores and tramadol consumption were similar in two groups on second postoperative day. Sedation was common but the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in gabapentin group. Preoperative administration of 600 mg of gabapentin resulted in significant reduction in postoperative verbal analogue pain scores at rest and at movement as well as tramadol consumption compared with placebo on first postoperative day. Lower incidence of nausea and vomiting was an additional advantage. Sedation was the commonest side effect.
ABSTRACT In this research paper, we report on the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using d... more ABSTRACT In this research paper, we report on the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using dried areca nut (Areca catechu). The microwave exposed aqueous areca nut powder when treated with the aqueous silver salt solution yielded irregular shaped silver nanoparticles. The formation and morphology of the nanoparticles are studied using UV–visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The X-ray diffraction studies and energy dispersive X-ray analysis indicate that the particles are crystalline in nature. The understanding of capping of biological moiety is derived from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the thermogravimetric analysis. The green chemistry approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles is modest, amenable for large scale commercial production. Further the biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles are known for their potential antibacterial activity.
ABSTRACT In this research paper, we report on the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using d... more ABSTRACT In this research paper, we report on the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using dried areca nut (Areca catechu). The microwave exposed aqueous areca nut powder when treated with the aqueous silver salt solution yielded irregular shaped silver nanoparticles. The formation and morphology of the nanoparticles are studied using UV–visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The X-ray diffraction studies and energy dispersive X-ray analysis indicate that the particles are crystalline in nature. The understanding of capping of biological moiety is derived from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the thermogravimetric analysis. The green chemistry approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles is modest, amenable for large scale commercial production. Further the biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles are known for their potential antibacterial activity.
The nutrition transition transforms food systems globally and shapes public health and environmen... more The nutrition transition transforms food systems globally and shapes public health and environmental change. Here we provide a global forward-looking assessment of a continued nutrition transition and its interlinked symptoms in respect to food consumption. These symptoms range from underweight and unbalanced diets to obesity, food waste and environmental pressure. We find that by 2050, 45% (39–52%) of the world population will be overweight and 16% (13–20%) obese, compared to 29% and 9% in 2010 respectively. The prevalence of underweight approximately halves but absolute numbers stagnate at 0.4–0.7 billion. Aligned, dietary composition shifts towards animal-source foods and empty calories, while the consumption of vegetables, fruits and nuts increases insufficiently. Population growth, ageing, increasing body mass and more wasteful consumption patterns are jointly pushing global food demand from 30 to 45 (43–47) Exajoules. Our comprehensive open dataset and model provides the inter...
Journal of Nanoengineering and Nanomanufacturing, 2015
ABSTRACT In the present study iron oxide nanoparticles are synthesized extracellularly using bake... more ABSTRACT In the present study iron oxide nanoparticles are synthesized extracellularly using baker’s yeast under ambient conditions. Iron oxide nanoparticles obtained were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). TEM and STM studies show that the particle size is in the range of 2-10 nm. Vibrating sample magnetometer measurement shows superparamagnetic behavior of nanoparticles. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were found to possess peroxidase enzyme like activity. The temperature optima, pH and kinetic parameters of the nanoparticles were investigated and compared with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The kinetic parameters indicates that the synthesized nanoparticles can be efficiently used as an artificial peroxidase. The peroxidase like activity of the nanoparticles can be exploited for the detection of H2O2 and glucose.
This preliminary study on I-gel (Intersurgical Ltd, Wokingham, U K) was conducted on 50 consecuti... more This preliminary study on I-gel (Intersurgical Ltd, Wokingham, U K) was conducted on 50 consecutive patients of ASA physical status I-III, to determine the ease of insertion, time to achieve effective airway, oropharyngeal seal pressure and airway stability on head and neck movement. After premedication with midazolam and fentanyl, induction was done with propofol and I-gel was inserted according to manufacturer's instruction. An effective airway was confirmed by bilateral chest movement, square wave on capnograph and SpO(2)>95%. The success rate at first attempt was 90% with a median insertion time of 11 sec (range 8-45sec). Five patients (10%) needed second attempt while none needed 3(rd) attempt. The manipulation needed to achieve effective airway were increasing the depth of insertion of I-gel in 4 (8%) cases, jaw thrust or chin lift in 2(4%) cases. Oropharyngeal seal pressure was 20 cm of H(2)O (16-40 cm of H(2)O). Gastric tube placement was done in 50% of the cases; it ...
ABSTRACT Nanotechnology can be defined as a research for the design, synthesis and manipulation o... more ABSTRACT Nanotechnology can be defined as a research for the design, synthesis and manipulation of structure of particles with dimension smaller than 100 nm. The nanoparticles are of great scientific interest as they bridge the gap between bulk materials and atomic or molecular structures. Metallic nanoparticles have possible applications in diverse areas such as electronics, cosmetics, coatings, packaging and biotechnology. Although chemical and physical methods may successfully produce pure, well defined nanoparticles, these are quite expensive and potentially dangerous to the environment. Use of biological materials could be an alternative to chemical and physical methods for the production of nanoparticles in an eco-friendly manner. A promising approach to achieve this objective is to exploit the array of biological resources in nature. Over the past several years, plants, algae, fungi, bacteria, viruses and enzymes have been used for the production of low-cost, energy –efficient and non toxic metallic nanoparticles. The integration of biological molecules and materials at the nanoscale has the potential to revolutionize many fields of science and technology. The nanometer size scale is particularly relevant in biology, because the dimensions of large molecules such as proteins and DNA, as well as those of many important sub cellular structures, fall in the 1-1000 nm range. In this chapter, we provide an overview of various methods of synthesis of metallic nanoparticles by biological means.
To evaluate the efficacy of a single preoperative dose of 600 mg of gabapentin for reducing posto... more To evaluate the efficacy of a single preoperative dose of 600 mg of gabapentin for reducing postoperative pain and tramadol consumption after minilap open cholecystectomy. A total of 120 adult patients of either sex were randomly assigned to receive 600 mg of gabapentin or a matched placebo orally 2 h before operation in a double-blind manner. All the patients received gabapentin using the same technique. Postoperative analgesia was provided with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with tramadol using a 50-mg initial bolus dose, 20-mg incremental dose, 15-min lockout interval and 4-h limit of 240 mg. Patients were assessed at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h after operation for verbal analogue pain scores at rest and at movement. Consumption of tramadol on first and second postoperative days and any adverse effects were also recorded. Verbal analogue pain scores were significantly lower on first postoperative day at all times of observation both at rest and at movement in gabapentin group than in placebo group (P<0.01). Tramadol consumption was also reduced by 33% in gabapentin group. But pain scores and tramadol consumption were similar in two groups on second postoperative day. Sedation was common but the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in gabapentin group. Preoperative administration of 600 mg of gabapentin resulted in significant reduction in postoperative verbal analogue pain scores at rest and at movement as well as tramadol consumption compared with placebo on first postoperative day. Lower incidence of nausea and vomiting was an additional advantage. Sedation was the commonest side effect.
ABSTRACT In this research paper, we report on the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using d... more ABSTRACT In this research paper, we report on the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using dried areca nut (Areca catechu). The microwave exposed aqueous areca nut powder when treated with the aqueous silver salt solution yielded irregular shaped silver nanoparticles. The formation and morphology of the nanoparticles are studied using UV–visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The X-ray diffraction studies and energy dispersive X-ray analysis indicate that the particles are crystalline in nature. The understanding of capping of biological moiety is derived from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the thermogravimetric analysis. The green chemistry approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles is modest, amenable for large scale commercial production. Further the biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles are known for their potential antibacterial activity.
ABSTRACT In this research paper, we report on the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using d... more ABSTRACT In this research paper, we report on the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using dried areca nut (Areca catechu). The microwave exposed aqueous areca nut powder when treated with the aqueous silver salt solution yielded irregular shaped silver nanoparticles. The formation and morphology of the nanoparticles are studied using UV–visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The X-ray diffraction studies and energy dispersive X-ray analysis indicate that the particles are crystalline in nature. The understanding of capping of biological moiety is derived from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the thermogravimetric analysis. The green chemistry approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles is modest, amenable for large scale commercial production. Further the biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles are known for their potential antibacterial activity.
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Papers by Abhijeet Mishra