... Replenishable ground water with an average age of 10 years has a volume of ... R 1' WATE... more ... Replenishable ground water with an average age of 10 years has a volume of ... R 1' WATER TDS ION EXCHANGE, REVERSE OSMOSIS, ELECTRODIALTSIS, DISTILLATION COO ("PC) FLOCCULATION ... for Use in Irrigation", The Symposium on the Effect of Water Quality on the ...
Twice-daily mixing heights, one morning and one afternoon were calculated by using the computatio... more Twice-daily mixing heights, one morning and one afternoon were calculated by using the computational program MIXHTS. MIXHTS utilizes the meteorological data collected from the King Khalid International Airport (KKIA) surface and upper air stations in Riyadh city during the year 2002. Climatic data shows that the city of Riyadh has in general, a hot and dry weather in summer and cold and dry in wintertime, whereas strong insolation is dominant all over the year. Monthly average afternoon mixing heights are ranged from 1629 m to 3971 m, whereas the morning mixing heights are ranged from as low as 935 m to 2920 m. Estimation of mixing heights obtained by this work were found in a good agreement with the daily maximum value obtained from the dry adiabatic temperature method.
Concentration polarization is referred to the buildup of salts on the high-pressure side of the r... more Concentration polarization is referred to the buildup of salts on the high-pressure side of the reverse osmosis membrane surface. It is created due to the rejection of the dissolved salts by reverse osmosis membrane while convective flow carries salt up to the membrane surface. Therefore, the salt concentration at the membrane surface increases to a value exceeding the bulk salt concentration producing a salt boundary layer at the membrane surface. Concentration polarization affects the performance of the reverse osmosis process significantly. It increases the osmotic pressure at the membrane surface leading to a reduction in water flux and an increase in salt leakage. Also, the membrane lifetime is susceptible to decrease by high salt concentration, and concentration polarization will aggravate this effect. The present work focuses on the utilization of a combined film theory and diffusion transport through the membrane. In this work, the solution diffusion transport model and film...
Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences
ABSTRACT Gaseous pollutants such as S02 and NOx once emitted to the atmosphere is oxidized to sul... more ABSTRACT Gaseous pollutants such as S02 and NOx once emitted to the atmosphere is oxidized to sulphate and nitrate through gaseous and aqueous phase processes. The absorption and desorption of gaseous pollutants by water droplets is the beginning of the removal process of these gases. However, absorption and desorption involve a complex mechanism which incorporates dissolving and extraction of these species in and out of water droplets. This paper will discuss the possible mechanism of absorption as an example of the behavior of the atmospheric pollutants. Although, Saudi Arabia has a dry atmosphere in general, the proposed phenomena-non is an important one in the coastal cities specially in the summer.
... Replenishable ground water with an average age of 10 years has a volume of ... R 1' WATE... more ... Replenishable ground water with an average age of 10 years has a volume of ... R 1' WATER TDS ION EXCHANGE, REVERSE OSMOSIS, ELECTRODIALTSIS, DISTILLATION COO ("PC) FLOCCULATION ... for Use in Irrigation", The Symposium on the Effect of Water Quality on the ...
Twice-daily mixing heights, one morning and one afternoon were calculated by using the computatio... more Twice-daily mixing heights, one morning and one afternoon were calculated by using the computational program MIXHTS. MIXHTS utilizes the meteorological data collected from the King Khalid International Airport (KKIA) surface and upper air stations in Riyadh city during the year 2002. Climatic data shows that the city of Riyadh has in general, a hot and dry weather in summer and cold and dry in wintertime, whereas strong insolation is dominant all over the year. Monthly average afternoon mixing heights are ranged from 1629 m to 3971 m, whereas the morning mixing heights are ranged from as low as 935 m to 2920 m. Estimation of mixing heights obtained by this work were found in a good agreement with the daily maximum value obtained from the dry adiabatic temperature method.
Concentration polarization is referred to the buildup of salts on the high-pressure side of the r... more Concentration polarization is referred to the buildup of salts on the high-pressure side of the reverse osmosis membrane surface. It is created due to the rejection of the dissolved salts by reverse osmosis membrane while convective flow carries salt up to the membrane surface. Therefore, the salt concentration at the membrane surface increases to a value exceeding the bulk salt concentration producing a salt boundary layer at the membrane surface. Concentration polarization affects the performance of the reverse osmosis process significantly. It increases the osmotic pressure at the membrane surface leading to a reduction in water flux and an increase in salt leakage. Also, the membrane lifetime is susceptible to decrease by high salt concentration, and concentration polarization will aggravate this effect. The present work focuses on the utilization of a combined film theory and diffusion transport through the membrane. In this work, the solution diffusion transport model and film...
Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences
ABSTRACT Gaseous pollutants such as S02 and NOx once emitted to the atmosphere is oxidized to sul... more ABSTRACT Gaseous pollutants such as S02 and NOx once emitted to the atmosphere is oxidized to sulphate and nitrate through gaseous and aqueous phase processes. The absorption and desorption of gaseous pollutants by water droplets is the beginning of the removal process of these gases. However, absorption and desorption involve a complex mechanism which incorporates dissolving and extraction of these species in and out of water droplets. This paper will discuss the possible mechanism of absorption as an example of the behavior of the atmospheric pollutants. Although, Saudi Arabia has a dry atmosphere in general, the proposed phenomena-non is an important one in the coastal cities specially in the summer.
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