Salt stress negatively affects the growth, development, and yield of horticultural crops. Nitric ... more Salt stress negatively affects the growth, development, and yield of horticultural crops. Nitric oxide (NO) is considered a signaling molecule that plays a key role in the plant defense system under salt stress. This study investigated the impact of exogenous application of 0.2 mM of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, an NO donor) on the salt tolerance and physiological and morphological characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under salt stress (25, 50, 75, and 100 mM). Salt stress caused a marked decrease in growth, yield, carotenoids and photosynthetic pigments in stressed plants as compared to control ones. Results showed that salt stress significantly affected the oxidative compounds (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) and non-oxidative compounds (ascorbic acid, total phenols, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, and H2O2) in lettuce. Moreover, salt stress decreased nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium ions (K+) while i...
Shampoo prepares surfactants to remove dirt, surface grease, and skin debris from hair, shaft, an... more Shampoo prepares surfactants to remove dirt, surface grease, and skin debris from hair, shaft, and scalp without harming the user. This study aimed to formulate herbal shampoo using Ethiopian plant extracts and evaluate their quality parameters. Herbal shampoos were formulated using seed oil extracts of Lepidium sativum L. and Ricinus communis L., and essential oil extracts of Lippia adeonsis Hochst ex. Walp koseret, along with other ingredients. The formulated herbal shampoos were evaluated for their organoleptic and physicochemical properties such as pH, surface tension, viscosity, dirt dispersion, antimicrobial activities, and stability. When the investigation data were assessed, the formulations were pleasant and attractive, produced sufficient foam, and showed suitable cleansing activities. The pH values were in a range 5.90 ± 0.22–7.45 ± 0.19, and lower surface tension (23.39 ± 0.20–31.89 ± 1.04 dyne/cm) together with acceptable viscosity with good shearing properties were obt...
Reinforcing fibers, nanofillers, matrix materials, and manufacturing techniques all have a role i... more Reinforcing fibers, nanofillers, matrix materials, and manufacturing techniques all have a role in the mechanical characteristics of hybrid composites. MWCNTs-reinforced E-glass/Kevlar/epoxy composites are appropriate fillers for structural applications. The impact of different concentrations of MWCNT fillers (0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% wt) on the mechanical characteristics of hybrid composites has been studied. Tensile and bending strength, as well as hardness, were measured in compression-molded composites. The effects of compression pressure, mold temperature, and applied pressure on hybrid (0.8% MWCNT) were investigated. When it came to composite tensile and bending strength, compression pressure was the most important factor, closely succeeded by mold temperature and pressure period. Compression molding were optimized, resulting in a tensile strength of 183 MPa, a bending strength of 158.3 MPa, and a hardness value of 23.8 HV.
The growing problems of environmental damage have been caused by the continuous outrush of heavy ... more The growing problems of environmental damage have been caused by the continuous outrush of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. To resolve this issue, bioremediation is playing a safe and eco-friendly role in the removal of these heavy metals from environmental wastewater bodies. It has provoked demand with regard to understanding the mechanisms of bioaccumulation and detoxification developed by the organisms living in the heavy metal-exposed industrial wastewater. The present investigation focuses on Paramecium multimicronucleatum, a ciliated protozoan isolated from industrial wastewater, with the objective of assessing its capabilities as an environmental bioremediator. Purified cell culture was maintained in bold basal salt medium and optimum growth conditions were determined. A maximum growth rate of 6.0–9.0 × 103 cells/mL at 25–30 °C and pH 7.0 was observed, and therefore revealed to be the optimal growth conditions for this species. It can tolerate 40–50 µg/mL of copper io...
Syngas has been utilized in the production of chemicals and fuels, as well as in the creation of ... more Syngas has been utilized in the production of chemicals and fuels, as well as in the creation of electricity. Feedstock impurities, such as nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, and ash, in syngas have a negative impact on downstream processes. Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is a process that relies heavily on temperature to increase the production of liquid fuels (FTS). In this study, waste biomass converted into activated carbon and then a carbon-supported iron-based catalyst was prepared. The catalyst at 200 °C and 350 °C was used to investigate the influence of temperature on the subsequent application of syngas to liquid fuels. Potassium (K) was used as a structural promoter in the Fe-C catalyst to boost catalyst activity and structural stability (Fe-C-K). Low temperatures (200 °C) cause 60% and 80% of diesel generation, respectively, without and with potassium promoter. At high temperatures (350 °C), the amount of gasoline produced is 36% without potassium promoter, and 72% with promoter. Ir...
There is a clear need to make energy cheap, readily accessible and green, while ensuring its prod... more There is a clear need to make energy cheap, readily accessible and green, while ensuring its production does not contribute to further climate change. Of all the options available, photovoltaics offer the highest probability of delivering a meaningful and sustainable change in the way society produces its energy. One approach to the development of such photovoltaics involves the use of polymers. These systems offer the advantages of cheap production, flexibility (and hence a range of deployment opportunities) and tunability of light absorption. However, there are issues with polymer-based photovoltaic systems and one significant effort to improve these systems has involved the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This review will focus on those efforts. CNTs have been used in virtually every component of the devices to help charge conduction, improve electrode flexibility and in some cases as active light absorbing materials.
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2013
The second derivative synchronous fluorescence method has been developed. Simultaneous determinat... more The second derivative synchronous fluorescence method has been developed. Simultaneous determination of harman and norharman was carried out. It is difficult to determine them simultaneously using conventional fluorimetry. Overlapping spectra was resolved by second derivative synchronous fluorimetry. Derivative synchronous spectrum, maintaining a constant difference of Dk = 150 nm.
ABSTRACT Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are environmental pollutants which resist any type ... more ABSTRACT Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are environmental pollutants which resist any type of chemical, photolytic or biological degradation. Due to this nature they get accumulated into the environment and often get transferred to one part of the world to other and through various sources they get inside the human body. These chemicals are very dangerous to human health and some of the POPs are so dangerous that they can cause cancer resulting in several deaths. These chemicals must be identified and analyzed so that the possible contaminant of POPs must be identified and a possible awareness must be created to limit the use of POPs and to make the environment less polluted by these POPs. This review is an attempt to collect the possible extraction methods and the analytical techniques used in the estimation of POPs from various sources.
A sensitive and selective fluorimetric sensor for the assay of ascorbic acid (AA) using silver na... more A sensitive and selective fluorimetric sensor for the assay of ascorbic acid (AA) using silver nanoparticles as emission reagent was investigated. In this study, silver nanoparticles were prepared based on aqueous-gaseous phase reaction of silver nitrate solution and ammonia gas. The nanoparticles were water-soluble, stable and had a narrow emission band. They were used as a fluorescence probe for the assay of ascorbic acid on its quenching effect on the emission of silver nanoparticles. The principal reason for quenching is likely to be a complexation between ascorbic acid and silver nanoparticles. The quenching mechanism was established by Stern-Volmer law. Under the optimum conditions, the quenched fluorescence intensity was linear with the concentration of ascorbic acid in the range of 4.1 x 10(-6) to 1.0 x 10(-4) m (r = 0.9985) with a detection limit of 1.0 x 10(-7) m. The RSD for repeatability of the sensor for the assay of ascorbic acid concentration of 3.0 x 10(-5) and 4.0 x 10(-6) m was found to be 1.5 and 1.3%, respectively. The proposed method was applied to the determination of ascorbic acid in vegetables and vitamin C tablets.
A simple chemiluminometric method using flow injection has been developed for the determination o... more A simple chemiluminometric method using flow injection has been developed for the determination of levodopa, based on its sensitizing effect on the weak chemiluminescence (CL) reaction between Na(2)SO(3) and acidic KMnO4. Under optimum experimental conditions, the CL intensity was linearly related to the concentration of levodopa from 3.4 x 10(-8) to 2.4 x 10(-5) mol/L and the detection limit was 1.1 x 10(-8) mol/L (s:n = 3). The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the proposed method calculated from 20 replicate injection of 3 x 10(-7) mol/L levodopa was 3.3%. The correlation coefficient was 0.997. The method was successfully applied to the determination of levodopa in commercial pharmaceutical formulations and spiked urine samples.
A sensitive fluorescence (FL) technique is proposed for the determination of levofloxacin (LVX). ... more A sensitive fluorescence (FL) technique is proposed for the determination of levofloxacin (LVX). The method is based on the fact that the weak FL signal of the Tb(III)-LVX system is strongly enhanced in the presence of gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles were prepared by the citrate reduction of HAuCl 4 and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Levofloxacin and Tb(III) ion form a fluorescence complex in aqueous solution, and its maximum emission wavelength was found at 545 nm. Optimal conditions for the formation of the levofloxacin-Tb(III) complexes were studied. Levofloxacin was detected by measuring the FL intensity, which increases linearly with the concentration of LVX in the range 6.2 × 10-10-2.6 × 10-8 mol/L. Recovery of the target analytes was > 96% with good quality parameters: linearity (r 2 > 0.996), limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values 2.1 × 10-10 mol/L and 7.2 × 10-10 mol/L, and runto-run and day-today precisions with relative standard deviations (RSDs) around 3%. Thus, the proposed method can be successfully applied to the routine determination of levofloxacin in pharmaceutical preparations.
Two cation-exchange materials, aluminium tungstate (AT) and sodium dodecyl sulphatealuminium tun... more Two cation-exchange materials, aluminium tungstate (AT) and sodium dodecyl sulphatealuminium tungstate (SDSAT), were synthesized. Both samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and ...
Salt stress negatively affects the growth, development, and yield of horticultural crops. Nitric ... more Salt stress negatively affects the growth, development, and yield of horticultural crops. Nitric oxide (NO) is considered a signaling molecule that plays a key role in the plant defense system under salt stress. This study investigated the impact of exogenous application of 0.2 mM of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, an NO donor) on the salt tolerance and physiological and morphological characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under salt stress (25, 50, 75, and 100 mM). Salt stress caused a marked decrease in growth, yield, carotenoids and photosynthetic pigments in stressed plants as compared to control ones. Results showed that salt stress significantly affected the oxidative compounds (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) and non-oxidative compounds (ascorbic acid, total phenols, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, and H2O2) in lettuce. Moreover, salt stress decreased nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium ions (K+) while i...
Shampoo prepares surfactants to remove dirt, surface grease, and skin debris from hair, shaft, an... more Shampoo prepares surfactants to remove dirt, surface grease, and skin debris from hair, shaft, and scalp without harming the user. This study aimed to formulate herbal shampoo using Ethiopian plant extracts and evaluate their quality parameters. Herbal shampoos were formulated using seed oil extracts of Lepidium sativum L. and Ricinus communis L., and essential oil extracts of Lippia adeonsis Hochst ex. Walp koseret, along with other ingredients. The formulated herbal shampoos were evaluated for their organoleptic and physicochemical properties such as pH, surface tension, viscosity, dirt dispersion, antimicrobial activities, and stability. When the investigation data were assessed, the formulations were pleasant and attractive, produced sufficient foam, and showed suitable cleansing activities. The pH values were in a range 5.90 ± 0.22–7.45 ± 0.19, and lower surface tension (23.39 ± 0.20–31.89 ± 1.04 dyne/cm) together with acceptable viscosity with good shearing properties were obt...
Reinforcing fibers, nanofillers, matrix materials, and manufacturing techniques all have a role i... more Reinforcing fibers, nanofillers, matrix materials, and manufacturing techniques all have a role in the mechanical characteristics of hybrid composites. MWCNTs-reinforced E-glass/Kevlar/epoxy composites are appropriate fillers for structural applications. The impact of different concentrations of MWCNT fillers (0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% wt) on the mechanical characteristics of hybrid composites has been studied. Tensile and bending strength, as well as hardness, were measured in compression-molded composites. The effects of compression pressure, mold temperature, and applied pressure on hybrid (0.8% MWCNT) were investigated. When it came to composite tensile and bending strength, compression pressure was the most important factor, closely succeeded by mold temperature and pressure period. Compression molding were optimized, resulting in a tensile strength of 183 MPa, a bending strength of 158.3 MPa, and a hardness value of 23.8 HV.
The growing problems of environmental damage have been caused by the continuous outrush of heavy ... more The growing problems of environmental damage have been caused by the continuous outrush of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. To resolve this issue, bioremediation is playing a safe and eco-friendly role in the removal of these heavy metals from environmental wastewater bodies. It has provoked demand with regard to understanding the mechanisms of bioaccumulation and detoxification developed by the organisms living in the heavy metal-exposed industrial wastewater. The present investigation focuses on Paramecium multimicronucleatum, a ciliated protozoan isolated from industrial wastewater, with the objective of assessing its capabilities as an environmental bioremediator. Purified cell culture was maintained in bold basal salt medium and optimum growth conditions were determined. A maximum growth rate of 6.0–9.0 × 103 cells/mL at 25–30 °C and pH 7.0 was observed, and therefore revealed to be the optimal growth conditions for this species. It can tolerate 40–50 µg/mL of copper io...
Syngas has been utilized in the production of chemicals and fuels, as well as in the creation of ... more Syngas has been utilized in the production of chemicals and fuels, as well as in the creation of electricity. Feedstock impurities, such as nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, and ash, in syngas have a negative impact on downstream processes. Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is a process that relies heavily on temperature to increase the production of liquid fuels (FTS). In this study, waste biomass converted into activated carbon and then a carbon-supported iron-based catalyst was prepared. The catalyst at 200 °C and 350 °C was used to investigate the influence of temperature on the subsequent application of syngas to liquid fuels. Potassium (K) was used as a structural promoter in the Fe-C catalyst to boost catalyst activity and structural stability (Fe-C-K). Low temperatures (200 °C) cause 60% and 80% of diesel generation, respectively, without and with potassium promoter. At high temperatures (350 °C), the amount of gasoline produced is 36% without potassium promoter, and 72% with promoter. Ir...
There is a clear need to make energy cheap, readily accessible and green, while ensuring its prod... more There is a clear need to make energy cheap, readily accessible and green, while ensuring its production does not contribute to further climate change. Of all the options available, photovoltaics offer the highest probability of delivering a meaningful and sustainable change in the way society produces its energy. One approach to the development of such photovoltaics involves the use of polymers. These systems offer the advantages of cheap production, flexibility (and hence a range of deployment opportunities) and tunability of light absorption. However, there are issues with polymer-based photovoltaic systems and one significant effort to improve these systems has involved the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This review will focus on those efforts. CNTs have been used in virtually every component of the devices to help charge conduction, improve electrode flexibility and in some cases as active light absorbing materials.
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2013
The second derivative synchronous fluorescence method has been developed. Simultaneous determinat... more The second derivative synchronous fluorescence method has been developed. Simultaneous determination of harman and norharman was carried out. It is difficult to determine them simultaneously using conventional fluorimetry. Overlapping spectra was resolved by second derivative synchronous fluorimetry. Derivative synchronous spectrum, maintaining a constant difference of Dk = 150 nm.
ABSTRACT Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are environmental pollutants which resist any type ... more ABSTRACT Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are environmental pollutants which resist any type of chemical, photolytic or biological degradation. Due to this nature they get accumulated into the environment and often get transferred to one part of the world to other and through various sources they get inside the human body. These chemicals are very dangerous to human health and some of the POPs are so dangerous that they can cause cancer resulting in several deaths. These chemicals must be identified and analyzed so that the possible contaminant of POPs must be identified and a possible awareness must be created to limit the use of POPs and to make the environment less polluted by these POPs. This review is an attempt to collect the possible extraction methods and the analytical techniques used in the estimation of POPs from various sources.
A sensitive and selective fluorimetric sensor for the assay of ascorbic acid (AA) using silver na... more A sensitive and selective fluorimetric sensor for the assay of ascorbic acid (AA) using silver nanoparticles as emission reagent was investigated. In this study, silver nanoparticles were prepared based on aqueous-gaseous phase reaction of silver nitrate solution and ammonia gas. The nanoparticles were water-soluble, stable and had a narrow emission band. They were used as a fluorescence probe for the assay of ascorbic acid on its quenching effect on the emission of silver nanoparticles. The principal reason for quenching is likely to be a complexation between ascorbic acid and silver nanoparticles. The quenching mechanism was established by Stern-Volmer law. Under the optimum conditions, the quenched fluorescence intensity was linear with the concentration of ascorbic acid in the range of 4.1 x 10(-6) to 1.0 x 10(-4) m (r = 0.9985) with a detection limit of 1.0 x 10(-7) m. The RSD for repeatability of the sensor for the assay of ascorbic acid concentration of 3.0 x 10(-5) and 4.0 x 10(-6) m was found to be 1.5 and 1.3%, respectively. The proposed method was applied to the determination of ascorbic acid in vegetables and vitamin C tablets.
A simple chemiluminometric method using flow injection has been developed for the determination o... more A simple chemiluminometric method using flow injection has been developed for the determination of levodopa, based on its sensitizing effect on the weak chemiluminescence (CL) reaction between Na(2)SO(3) and acidic KMnO4. Under optimum experimental conditions, the CL intensity was linearly related to the concentration of levodopa from 3.4 x 10(-8) to 2.4 x 10(-5) mol/L and the detection limit was 1.1 x 10(-8) mol/L (s:n = 3). The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the proposed method calculated from 20 replicate injection of 3 x 10(-7) mol/L levodopa was 3.3%. The correlation coefficient was 0.997. The method was successfully applied to the determination of levodopa in commercial pharmaceutical formulations and spiked urine samples.
A sensitive fluorescence (FL) technique is proposed for the determination of levofloxacin (LVX). ... more A sensitive fluorescence (FL) technique is proposed for the determination of levofloxacin (LVX). The method is based on the fact that the weak FL signal of the Tb(III)-LVX system is strongly enhanced in the presence of gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles were prepared by the citrate reduction of HAuCl 4 and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Levofloxacin and Tb(III) ion form a fluorescence complex in aqueous solution, and its maximum emission wavelength was found at 545 nm. Optimal conditions for the formation of the levofloxacin-Tb(III) complexes were studied. Levofloxacin was detected by measuring the FL intensity, which increases linearly with the concentration of LVX in the range 6.2 × 10-10-2.6 × 10-8 mol/L. Recovery of the target analytes was > 96% with good quality parameters: linearity (r 2 > 0.996), limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values 2.1 × 10-10 mol/L and 7.2 × 10-10 mol/L, and runto-run and day-today precisions with relative standard deviations (RSDs) around 3%. Thus, the proposed method can be successfully applied to the routine determination of levofloxacin in pharmaceutical preparations.
Two cation-exchange materials, aluminium tungstate (AT) and sodium dodecyl sulphatealuminium tun... more Two cation-exchange materials, aluminium tungstate (AT) and sodium dodecyl sulphatealuminium tungstate (SDSAT), were synthesized. Both samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and ...
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