Sugar plays an important role in our daily life. Sucrose is extracted from Saccharumspp and Beta ... more Sugar plays an important role in our daily life. Sucrose is extracted from Saccharumspp and Beta vulgaris and is highly metabolically active and results in weight gain and type II diabetes. Due to these side effects companies launch various synthetic sweetening agents that have very low calories but are highly sweeter than normal table sugar, known as alternative sweeteners, artificial sweeteners, non-caloric sugars. These low nutrition synthetic compounds are part of soda drinks, chocolates, cakes and other baked products. Acesulfame-K, aspartame, neotame, saccharin, stevia and sucralose have been approved by the FDA for use in foods and/or drinks. People are moving toward artificial sweetener without being aware of their harmful effect. Many long term and short term studies have been performed regarding the deleterious effects of these artificial sweetners on health. Frequent consumption of high-intensity sweetners may dampens physiological responses, metabolic activities. The aim of this study is to pin point these long term as well as short term harmful effects on human health.
Fruit ripening is a complex process that occur in angiosperm plants. Activation of various genes... more Fruit ripening is a complex process that occur in angiosperm plants. Activation of various genes in response of light stimulus and auxin results in production of ethylene and other important enzymes i.e. carbohydrates metabolism, moderating strength of cell by decreasing pectin concentration due to increase concentration of PG and PE enzymes. On the basis of respiration and ethylene production plants are divided as climacteric and non-climacteric. For this short review ten articles were selected for study. Key words: Fruit ripening, auxin, ethylene, carotenoids, glycan matrix, assay techniques, pigmentation
Tuberculosis is widely spread epidemic disease all over the world, which infect 2 billion people ... more Tuberculosis is widely spread epidemic disease all over the world, which infect 2 billion people every year [1]. According to WHO every year 2-2.5 million and 1.4 million in 2010 people died of TB out of which 59% are belongs to Asia, 26% in Africa [2] and other third world countries ( where multi drug resistance is significant against TB) [3]. It contagious nature was first described in mid seventeen century by Hippocrate and Galen [4]. According to clinical perspective infectious particle effect body in two after the invasion, they release of toxins and provoke body’s immune system either in one way or in many ways. Mycobacterium tuberculosis invade in human respiratory tract and mainly infect granulomas of lungs [5]. The study of immune response toward mycobacterium is important for designing of drugs and vaccination, because without knowing body’s own pathway we cannot design a drug with high chemotherapeutic index [6]. In this article main focus is host-bacteria interaction, hormonal mechanisms in pathogenesis, role of toll-like receptors (TLRs), importance of macrophages, dendritic cells, IFN- γ producing T-cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines etc [7,8].
Sugar plays an important role in our daily life. Sucrose is extracted from Saccharumspp and Beta ... more Sugar plays an important role in our daily life. Sucrose is extracted from Saccharumspp and Beta vulgaris and is highly metabolically active and results in weight gain and type II diabetes. Due to these side effects companies launch various synthetic sweetening agents that have very low calories but are highly sweeter than normal table sugar, known as alternative sweeteners, artificial sweeteners, non-caloric sugars. These low nutrition synthetic compounds are part of soda drinks, chocolates, cakes and other baked products. Acesulfame-K, aspartame, neotame, saccharin, stevia and sucralose have been approved by the FDA for use in foods and/or drinks. People are moving toward artificial sweetener without being aware of their harmful effect. Many long term and short term studies have been performed regarding the deleterious effects of these artificial sweetners on health. Frequent consumption of high-intensity sweetners may dampens physiological responses, metabolic activities. The aim of this study is to pin point these long term as well as short term harmful effects on human health.
Fruit ripening is a complex process that occur in angiosperm plants. Activation of various genes... more Fruit ripening is a complex process that occur in angiosperm plants. Activation of various genes in response of light stimulus and auxin results in production of ethylene and other important enzymes i.e. carbohydrates metabolism, moderating strength of cell by decreasing pectin concentration due to increase concentration of PG and PE enzymes. On the basis of respiration and ethylene production plants are divided as climacteric and non-climacteric. For this short review ten articles were selected for study. Key words: Fruit ripening, auxin, ethylene, carotenoids, glycan matrix, assay techniques, pigmentation
Tuberculosis is widely spread epidemic disease all over the world, which infect 2 billion people ... more Tuberculosis is widely spread epidemic disease all over the world, which infect 2 billion people every year [1]. According to WHO every year 2-2.5 million and 1.4 million in 2010 people died of TB out of which 59% are belongs to Asia, 26% in Africa [2] and other third world countries ( where multi drug resistance is significant against TB) [3]. It contagious nature was first described in mid seventeen century by Hippocrate and Galen [4]. According to clinical perspective infectious particle effect body in two after the invasion, they release of toxins and provoke body’s immune system either in one way or in many ways. Mycobacterium tuberculosis invade in human respiratory tract and mainly infect granulomas of lungs [5]. The study of immune response toward mycobacterium is important for designing of drugs and vaccination, because without knowing body’s own pathway we cannot design a drug with high chemotherapeutic index [6]. In this article main focus is host-bacteria interaction, hormonal mechanisms in pathogenesis, role of toll-like receptors (TLRs), importance of macrophages, dendritic cells, IFN- γ producing T-cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines etc [7,8].
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Review articles and Research papers by Anum Safdar
Key words: Fruit ripening, auxin, ethylene, carotenoids, glycan matrix, assay techniques, pigmentation
Key words: Fruit ripening, auxin, ethylene, carotenoids, glycan matrix, assay techniques, pigmentation