Abstract Analysis of Retinal fundus images has obtained a significant interest in research due to... more Abstract Analysis of Retinal fundus images has obtained a significant interest in research due to its widespread applicability in the detection of various diseases related to the eye. This paper focused in the analysis of Diabetic Retinopathy through different features (Optic Disk, Retinal Vessels, and Exudates etc.,) of retinal image. Towards this objective, this paper presents a new process for segmenting retinal vessels. The proposed mechanism accomplished the Gabor Filter for Extracting Features and Support Vector Machine Algorithm for classification. Here the Gabor Filter ensures a more resilience to the scaling and orientation issues in the retinal image. Afterwards, a feature set consists of thirteen features is extracted from retinal image to provide a proper differentiation between the image pixels and background pixels. Based on these features, the SVM classifier classifies the vessel pixels and background pixels more effectively which improves the classification accuracy and reduces false positive rate. An extensive simulation is carried out over the developed approach through two benchmark and freely accessible retinal image datasets; they are DRIVE and STARE. The obtained results reveal the outstanding performance with respect to the performance metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.
Abstract Nano-pharma deals with the synthesis, characterization, and applications of NPs and nano... more Abstract Nano-pharma deals with the synthesis, characterization, and applications of NPs and nanomaterials in the pharmaceutical industry. The size of the drug or therapeutic molecules ranges from 1 to 100 nm and could be in micrometers. Nanotechnology has the potential ability to identify the disease like cancer cells where they have resided in an organ. Metallic nanoparticles Met-NPs such as gold, FeO, and quantum dots play an important role in diagnostic applications and some NPs have the capacity of simultaneously diagnosing and treating the affected cells. In the drug formulation, there are a few nanomaterials such as liposome and nanocrystals that are used in cancer drug formulations for the better efficiency of the drugs. AgNPs attract biologists to their iconic antibacterial, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and anticancer properties in the pharmaceutical industry so that they can extend their novel applications to all other domains. They act as a potential wound dressing because of their antibacterial properties. Nanosilver is used as a coating agent on medical devices and instruments in medical surgery. Nanosilver incorporated into the cotton fibers is used to fabricate the odor-free clothes in the textile industry. There is more evidence available for antiinflammatory properties of AgNPs to improve wound healing properties. Silver sulfadiazine is used as a topical application for burn wounds. One of the best properties of nano silver is toxic to the bacteria which are less or nontoxic to humans at a lower concentration. This chapter narrates the concept of nanomaterials and their applications in the pharmaceutical industry. In this chapter, the synthesis of nanoparticles from Erythrina indica and Capparis zeylanica aqueous leaf extract using solution of AgNO3 is discussed. The phytochemical constituents of various parts of the plants and their medicinal applications are also explained in this chapter. The characterization of green synthesized silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) is established systematically in this chapter using various analyses. Antimicrobial properties of AgNPs and their sustained drug releasing properties are also discussed meticulously and scientifically for pharmaceutical industrial applications.
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019
Recent IC technology innovations can achieve lowpower biomedical implant functionality.RF transce... more Recent IC technology innovations can achieve lowpower biomedical implant functionality.RF transceivers require low-power and small-sized components in biomedical implants to achieve the best results in frequency and phase control. Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is the key component for controlling these parameters in low power consumption RF transceivers. Therefore All Digital Phase Locked Loop (ADPLL) is chipping effectively into a major role in the fields of Biomedical & Communication. ADPLLs contribute better results in these areas due to their efficient blocks. This paper focuses on the design of low-power Digital Controlled Oscillator (DCO) and provides information on the various ADPLL blocks. To reduce power dissipation DCO is designed with XNOR gate using delay elements by avoiding direct contact between VDD & GND and the MOS transistors were arranged in ring topology. Tanner tools were used to design and simulation. In addition to this it also provides the detailed history of PLLs ...
The green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous extract of Capparis Zeylani... more The green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous extract of Capparis Zeylanica plant leaves act as a reducing and capping agent has been reported in the present work. The formation of silver nanoparticles was observed by the change of colour from colourless to dark brown by the addition the leaf extract. Nanoparticles were characterized with the help of UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) & EDX analysis, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. The prepared AgNPs were monodispersed, spherical in shape with the particle size in a range of 50-90 nm
Infection control is a challenging task in the treatment of wounds and a rise in antimicrobial re... more Infection control is a challenging task in the treatment of wounds and a rise in antimicrobial resistance wound pathogens which is a barrier for the wound regeneration rapidly. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement of novel antimicrobial agents to target the wound pathogens and their biofilms. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the predominant antimicrobial agent for wound treatment due to their broad spectrum antimicrobial potential against various wound pathogens. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared from aqueous Adenanthera pavonina seed extract. This extract plays as a reducing agent for reduction of silver nitrate to silver oxide nanoparticles. An absorption peak at 428 nm with characteristic feature of surface plasmon resonance was observed. The average size of AgNPs was found to be ~200 nm and cube in shape of AgNPs. FTIR data revealed the presence of phenolic groups that were responsible for reduction and stabilization of silver nanoparticles. Face centered cubic (FC...
2022 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Signal Processing (AISP)
Lifetime of the material is important in various fields of applications. Aerospace, mosaics, and ... more Lifetime of the material is important in various fields of applications. Aerospace, mosaics, and metallic objects serving in realistic applications in day today life. Materials possessing greater defect have low lifetime when compared with materials having smaller defects. So it’s important to check the detects in order to have a knowledge of material’s lifetime different detection techniques are performed to find subsurface anomalies. In this research investigation a non-contact, and Quadratic Frequency Modulated thermal wave imaging technique (QFMTWI) is used to evaluate the whole field of the material with more reliable information. The recorded thermal response provides the information regarding cracks, voids, irregularities present in the material’s sub-surface. Fan Chirp transform method is adopted. It is a method which matches completely with the chirp rate obtained from the sample to facilitate improved visualization of defects. Fan-Chirp transform method provides a noteworthy defect detection of the sample.
In present work, the surface modified cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) was synthesized with... more In present work, the surface modified cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) was synthesized with chitosan for the detection of silver ions. Chitosan was employed as matrix medium to fabricate CdS QDs, resulting in the formation of novel QDs/chitosan composite. The CdS quantum dots surface coated with chitosan were analyzed using UV-vis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. The chitosan + CdS QDs exhibited high aqueous solubility with better steadiness. By using chitosan + CdS, the silver ions were not only detected but also reduced to nanosize due to the reducing property of chitosan. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching of chitosan + CdS by Ag+ was investigated using photoluminescence spectroscopy.
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 2019
Quantum-dot cell automata is one of the upcoming new advances at the nanoscale that can be a reas... more Quantum-dot cell automata is one of the upcoming new advances at the nanoscale that can be a reasonable substitution for CMOS innovation. The circuits built in QCA technology have attractive features like low power utilization, and low size. These features can be progressively particular in memory structures. In this paper, the new design another structure for substance addressable memory cell in QCA. For this reason, initial, an extraordinary gate is presented for mask task in QCA and afterward this gate is utilized to enhance the execution of CAM. These structures are assessed with QCA Designer test system.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2017
Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing ... more Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing (QS) ability of nanoparticles synthesized usingfruit wastes.Methods: QS is a system of response and stimuli correlated to population density. Bacteria by QS secrete certain signaling molecules called autoinducers. These bacteria also have a receptor that can specifically detect the signaling molecule known as an inducer. Since QS governs numerous processes in bacteria including virulence, QS inhibition promises to be an ideal target for the development of novel therapeutics. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from the ginger, lemon peel, cinnamon, corn silk, pomegranate peel, and orange peel exhibited anti-QS properties by inhibiting violacein production in Chromobacterium violaceum assayed using agar well diffusion method.Results: AgNPs were synthesized from various cost-effective fruit waste sources. These AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial and anti-Q...
The development of nanotechnology is making the interest of researchers towards synthesis of nano... more The development of nanotechnology is making the interest of researchers towards synthesis of nanoparticles for the bio application. Here copper nanoparticles were synthesized using Capparis zeylanica plant leaf extract. The leaf extract acts as both reducing and capping agent. The synthesized copper nanoparticles were confirmed by the change of colour after addition of leaf extract into the Copper Sulfate solution. The biosynthesized CuNPs were characterized by using UV-Vis analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. The synthesized CuNPs were in cubical structure with the particle size in the range between 50-100 nm. The Antimicrobial study of the CuNPs wasestablished using both gram positive and gram negative pathogens.
Abstract Analysis of Retinal fundus images has obtained a significant interest in research due to... more Abstract Analysis of Retinal fundus images has obtained a significant interest in research due to its widespread applicability in the detection of various diseases related to the eye. This paper focused in the analysis of Diabetic Retinopathy through different features (Optic Disk, Retinal Vessels, and Exudates etc.,) of retinal image. Towards this objective, this paper presents a new process for segmenting retinal vessels. The proposed mechanism accomplished the Gabor Filter for Extracting Features and Support Vector Machine Algorithm for classification. Here the Gabor Filter ensures a more resilience to the scaling and orientation issues in the retinal image. Afterwards, a feature set consists of thirteen features is extracted from retinal image to provide a proper differentiation between the image pixels and background pixels. Based on these features, the SVM classifier classifies the vessel pixels and background pixels more effectively which improves the classification accuracy and reduces false positive rate. An extensive simulation is carried out over the developed approach through two benchmark and freely accessible retinal image datasets; they are DRIVE and STARE. The obtained results reveal the outstanding performance with respect to the performance metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.
Abstract Nano-pharma deals with the synthesis, characterization, and applications of NPs and nano... more Abstract Nano-pharma deals with the synthesis, characterization, and applications of NPs and nanomaterials in the pharmaceutical industry. The size of the drug or therapeutic molecules ranges from 1 to 100 nm and could be in micrometers. Nanotechnology has the potential ability to identify the disease like cancer cells where they have resided in an organ. Metallic nanoparticles Met-NPs such as gold, FeO, and quantum dots play an important role in diagnostic applications and some NPs have the capacity of simultaneously diagnosing and treating the affected cells. In the drug formulation, there are a few nanomaterials such as liposome and nanocrystals that are used in cancer drug formulations for the better efficiency of the drugs. AgNPs attract biologists to their iconic antibacterial, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and anticancer properties in the pharmaceutical industry so that they can extend their novel applications to all other domains. They act as a potential wound dressing because of their antibacterial properties. Nanosilver is used as a coating agent on medical devices and instruments in medical surgery. Nanosilver incorporated into the cotton fibers is used to fabricate the odor-free clothes in the textile industry. There is more evidence available for antiinflammatory properties of AgNPs to improve wound healing properties. Silver sulfadiazine is used as a topical application for burn wounds. One of the best properties of nano silver is toxic to the bacteria which are less or nontoxic to humans at a lower concentration. This chapter narrates the concept of nanomaterials and their applications in the pharmaceutical industry. In this chapter, the synthesis of nanoparticles from Erythrina indica and Capparis zeylanica aqueous leaf extract using solution of AgNO3 is discussed. The phytochemical constituents of various parts of the plants and their medicinal applications are also explained in this chapter. The characterization of green synthesized silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) is established systematically in this chapter using various analyses. Antimicrobial properties of AgNPs and their sustained drug releasing properties are also discussed meticulously and scientifically for pharmaceutical industrial applications.
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019
Recent IC technology innovations can achieve lowpower biomedical implant functionality.RF transce... more Recent IC technology innovations can achieve lowpower biomedical implant functionality.RF transceivers require low-power and small-sized components in biomedical implants to achieve the best results in frequency and phase control. Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is the key component for controlling these parameters in low power consumption RF transceivers. Therefore All Digital Phase Locked Loop (ADPLL) is chipping effectively into a major role in the fields of Biomedical & Communication. ADPLLs contribute better results in these areas due to their efficient blocks. This paper focuses on the design of low-power Digital Controlled Oscillator (DCO) and provides information on the various ADPLL blocks. To reduce power dissipation DCO is designed with XNOR gate using delay elements by avoiding direct contact between VDD & GND and the MOS transistors were arranged in ring topology. Tanner tools were used to design and simulation. In addition to this it also provides the detailed history of PLLs ...
The green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous extract of Capparis Zeylani... more The green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous extract of Capparis Zeylanica plant leaves act as a reducing and capping agent has been reported in the present work. The formation of silver nanoparticles was observed by the change of colour from colourless to dark brown by the addition the leaf extract. Nanoparticles were characterized with the help of UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) & EDX analysis, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. The prepared AgNPs were monodispersed, spherical in shape with the particle size in a range of 50-90 nm
Infection control is a challenging task in the treatment of wounds and a rise in antimicrobial re... more Infection control is a challenging task in the treatment of wounds and a rise in antimicrobial resistance wound pathogens which is a barrier for the wound regeneration rapidly. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement of novel antimicrobial agents to target the wound pathogens and their biofilms. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the predominant antimicrobial agent for wound treatment due to their broad spectrum antimicrobial potential against various wound pathogens. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared from aqueous Adenanthera pavonina seed extract. This extract plays as a reducing agent for reduction of silver nitrate to silver oxide nanoparticles. An absorption peak at 428 nm with characteristic feature of surface plasmon resonance was observed. The average size of AgNPs was found to be ~200 nm and cube in shape of AgNPs. FTIR data revealed the presence of phenolic groups that were responsible for reduction and stabilization of silver nanoparticles. Face centered cubic (FC...
2022 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Signal Processing (AISP)
Lifetime of the material is important in various fields of applications. Aerospace, mosaics, and ... more Lifetime of the material is important in various fields of applications. Aerospace, mosaics, and metallic objects serving in realistic applications in day today life. Materials possessing greater defect have low lifetime when compared with materials having smaller defects. So it’s important to check the detects in order to have a knowledge of material’s lifetime different detection techniques are performed to find subsurface anomalies. In this research investigation a non-contact, and Quadratic Frequency Modulated thermal wave imaging technique (QFMTWI) is used to evaluate the whole field of the material with more reliable information. The recorded thermal response provides the information regarding cracks, voids, irregularities present in the material’s sub-surface. Fan Chirp transform method is adopted. It is a method which matches completely with the chirp rate obtained from the sample to facilitate improved visualization of defects. Fan-Chirp transform method provides a noteworthy defect detection of the sample.
In present work, the surface modified cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) was synthesized with... more In present work, the surface modified cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) was synthesized with chitosan for the detection of silver ions. Chitosan was employed as matrix medium to fabricate CdS QDs, resulting in the formation of novel QDs/chitosan composite. The CdS quantum dots surface coated with chitosan were analyzed using UV-vis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. The chitosan + CdS QDs exhibited high aqueous solubility with better steadiness. By using chitosan + CdS, the silver ions were not only detected but also reduced to nanosize due to the reducing property of chitosan. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching of chitosan + CdS by Ag+ was investigated using photoluminescence spectroscopy.
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 2019
Quantum-dot cell automata is one of the upcoming new advances at the nanoscale that can be a reas... more Quantum-dot cell automata is one of the upcoming new advances at the nanoscale that can be a reasonable substitution for CMOS innovation. The circuits built in QCA technology have attractive features like low power utilization, and low size. These features can be progressively particular in memory structures. In this paper, the new design another structure for substance addressable memory cell in QCA. For this reason, initial, an extraordinary gate is presented for mask task in QCA and afterward this gate is utilized to enhance the execution of CAM. These structures are assessed with QCA Designer test system.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2017
Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing ... more Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing (QS) ability of nanoparticles synthesized usingfruit wastes.Methods: QS is a system of response and stimuli correlated to population density. Bacteria by QS secrete certain signaling molecules called autoinducers. These bacteria also have a receptor that can specifically detect the signaling molecule known as an inducer. Since QS governs numerous processes in bacteria including virulence, QS inhibition promises to be an ideal target for the development of novel therapeutics. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from the ginger, lemon peel, cinnamon, corn silk, pomegranate peel, and orange peel exhibited anti-QS properties by inhibiting violacein production in Chromobacterium violaceum assayed using agar well diffusion method.Results: AgNPs were synthesized from various cost-effective fruit waste sources. These AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial and anti-Q...
The development of nanotechnology is making the interest of researchers towards synthesis of nano... more The development of nanotechnology is making the interest of researchers towards synthesis of nanoparticles for the bio application. Here copper nanoparticles were synthesized using Capparis zeylanica plant leaf extract. The leaf extract acts as both reducing and capping agent. The synthesized copper nanoparticles were confirmed by the change of colour after addition of leaf extract into the Copper Sulfate solution. The biosynthesized CuNPs were characterized by using UV-Vis analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. The synthesized CuNPs were in cubical structure with the particle size in the range between 50-100 nm. The Antimicrobial study of the CuNPs wasestablished using both gram positive and gram negative pathogens.
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Papers by Ernest Ravindran R S