Family history (FH) of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with changes in several ... more Family history (FH) of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with changes in several cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in cognitively normal individuals. However, potential changes in plasma biomarkers remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate potential plasma biomarkers and their correlation in cognitively normal adult children (AC) and to compare this data with their AD parents and unrelated non-demented controls (NC). Participants with dementia due to AD, their AC and NC were recruited. Plasma samples were assessed for amyloid beta (Aβ)1–42, Aβ1–40, total tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-tau). Kruskal–Wallis test was used for the comparison of this data between the three groups. Spearman rank correlation was used for evaluation of the correlations between Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42, and T-tau and P-tau in the AD and AC groups. A total of 99 subjects completed the assessment (30 had AD; 38 were AC group; and 31 were NC). Compared with the NC group, there were signifi...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) increasingly affects society due to aging populations. Even at pre‐clini... more Alzheimer’s disease (AD) increasingly affects society due to aging populations. Even at pre‐clinical stages, earlier and accurate diagnoses are essential for optimal AD management and improved clinical outcomes. Biomarkers such as beta‐amyloid (Aβ) or tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been used as reliable markers to distinguish AD from non‐AD, and predicting clinical outcomes, to attain these goals. However, given CSF access methods’ invasiveness, these biomarkers are not used extensively in clinical settings. Blood Aβ has been proposed as an alternative biomarker since it is less invasive than CSF; however, sampling heterogeneity has limited its clinical applicability. In this review, we investigated blood Aβ as a biomarker in AD and explored how Aβ can be facilitated as a viable biomarker for successful AD management.
Background Age-related white matter lesion (WML) is considered a manifestation of sporadic cerebr... more Background Age-related white matter lesion (WML) is considered a manifestation of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease and an important pathological substrate for dementia. Asia is notable for its large population with a looming dementia epidemic. Yet, the burden of WML and its associated risk factors across different Asian societies are unknown. Methods Subjects from 9 Asian cities (Bangkok, Bandung, Beijing, Bengaluru, Hong Kong, Kaohsiung, Manila, Seoul, and Singapore) were recruited (n = 5,701) and classified into i) stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), ii) Alzheimer’s disease (AD)/mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or iii) control groups. Data on vascular risk factors and cognitive performance were collected. The severity of WML was visually rated on MRI or CT. ResultsThe prevalence of moderate-to-severe WML was the highest in subjects with stroke/TIA (43.3 %). Bandang Indonesia showed the highest prevalence of WML, adjusted for age, sex, education and disease groups. Hypert...
Vascular factors to cognitive impairment in degenerative on non-degenerative diseases have been r... more Vascular factors to cognitive impairment in degenerative on non-degenerative diseases have been reported, examined, and debated for several decades. The various definitions of cognitive impairment due to vascular origins will make these results diverse. During this review, we are going to report currently update information of vascular contributions to cognitive function, in clinical or neuroimaging findings. Risks factors and their managements also will be discussed and reported to have a comprehensive review.
AimThe response to donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease varies, and it is important... more AimThe response to donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease varies, and it is important to identify the potential responder before therapy. Cerebral white matter changes (WMC) are frequently observed in older patients, and the effect of WMC on therapeutic response remains controversial. The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between the location of WMC, severe WMC and the response to donepezil.MethodsAmong 418 patients with Alzheimer's disease receiving donepezil, 196 patients were eligible for analysis. Five brain areas on each side were analyzed using computed tomography scans and the Age‐Related White Matter Changes Rating Scale before therapy. The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument was used annually. Patients were defined as responders if their baseline Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument score minus their follow‐up Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument score was ≤0.ResultsThere was no significant difference in demographic data betwe...
The prevalence of dementia is approximately 1.7 - 4.3% among aged people in Taiwan, and Alzheimer... more The prevalence of dementia is approximately 1.7 - 4.3% among aged people in Taiwan, and Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Although three cholinesterase inhibitors and one glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist are available in Taiwan to treat dementia, their insurance reimbursement is strictly regulated and only a small proportion of patients with AD receive medical treatment. A local consensus of and guideline for treatment of dementia is needed in Taiwan. Therefore, the Guideline Subcommittee of the Taiwan Dementia Society summarized the data of cholinesterase inhibitors and glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist for treatment of the patients with AD according to the principles of evidence- based medicine. We have assessed the qualities of studies, levels of evidence, and referred to other guidelines proposed by Western countries. After several panel discussions, we merged opinions from the subcommittee members and proposed a Taiwan consensus.
Family history (FH) of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with changes in several ... more Family history (FH) of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with changes in several cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in cognitively normal individuals. However, potential changes in plasma biomarkers remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate potential plasma biomarkers and their correlation in cognitively normal adult children (AC) and to compare this data with their AD parents and unrelated non-demented controls (NC). Participants with dementia due to AD, their AC and NC were recruited. Plasma samples were assessed for amyloid beta (Aβ)1–42, Aβ1–40, total tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-tau). Kruskal–Wallis test was used for the comparison of this data between the three groups. Spearman rank correlation was used for evaluation of the correlations between Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42, and T-tau and P-tau in the AD and AC groups. A total of 99 subjects completed the assessment (30 had AD; 38 were AC group; and 31 were NC). Compared with the NC group, there were signifi...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) increasingly affects society due to aging populations. Even at pre‐clini... more Alzheimer’s disease (AD) increasingly affects society due to aging populations. Even at pre‐clinical stages, earlier and accurate diagnoses are essential for optimal AD management and improved clinical outcomes. Biomarkers such as beta‐amyloid (Aβ) or tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been used as reliable markers to distinguish AD from non‐AD, and predicting clinical outcomes, to attain these goals. However, given CSF access methods’ invasiveness, these biomarkers are not used extensively in clinical settings. Blood Aβ has been proposed as an alternative biomarker since it is less invasive than CSF; however, sampling heterogeneity has limited its clinical applicability. In this review, we investigated blood Aβ as a biomarker in AD and explored how Aβ can be facilitated as a viable biomarker for successful AD management.
Background Age-related white matter lesion (WML) is considered a manifestation of sporadic cerebr... more Background Age-related white matter lesion (WML) is considered a manifestation of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease and an important pathological substrate for dementia. Asia is notable for its large population with a looming dementia epidemic. Yet, the burden of WML and its associated risk factors across different Asian societies are unknown. Methods Subjects from 9 Asian cities (Bangkok, Bandung, Beijing, Bengaluru, Hong Kong, Kaohsiung, Manila, Seoul, and Singapore) were recruited (n = 5,701) and classified into i) stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), ii) Alzheimer’s disease (AD)/mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or iii) control groups. Data on vascular risk factors and cognitive performance were collected. The severity of WML was visually rated on MRI or CT. ResultsThe prevalence of moderate-to-severe WML was the highest in subjects with stroke/TIA (43.3 %). Bandang Indonesia showed the highest prevalence of WML, adjusted for age, sex, education and disease groups. Hypert...
Vascular factors to cognitive impairment in degenerative on non-degenerative diseases have been r... more Vascular factors to cognitive impairment in degenerative on non-degenerative diseases have been reported, examined, and debated for several decades. The various definitions of cognitive impairment due to vascular origins will make these results diverse. During this review, we are going to report currently update information of vascular contributions to cognitive function, in clinical or neuroimaging findings. Risks factors and their managements also will be discussed and reported to have a comprehensive review.
AimThe response to donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease varies, and it is important... more AimThe response to donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease varies, and it is important to identify the potential responder before therapy. Cerebral white matter changes (WMC) are frequently observed in older patients, and the effect of WMC on therapeutic response remains controversial. The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between the location of WMC, severe WMC and the response to donepezil.MethodsAmong 418 patients with Alzheimer's disease receiving donepezil, 196 patients were eligible for analysis. Five brain areas on each side were analyzed using computed tomography scans and the Age‐Related White Matter Changes Rating Scale before therapy. The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument was used annually. Patients were defined as responders if their baseline Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument score minus their follow‐up Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument score was ≤0.ResultsThere was no significant difference in demographic data betwe...
The prevalence of dementia is approximately 1.7 - 4.3% among aged people in Taiwan, and Alzheimer... more The prevalence of dementia is approximately 1.7 - 4.3% among aged people in Taiwan, and Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Although three cholinesterase inhibitors and one glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist are available in Taiwan to treat dementia, their insurance reimbursement is strictly regulated and only a small proportion of patients with AD receive medical treatment. A local consensus of and guideline for treatment of dementia is needed in Taiwan. Therefore, the Guideline Subcommittee of the Taiwan Dementia Society summarized the data of cholinesterase inhibitors and glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist for treatment of the patients with AD according to the principles of evidence- based medicine. We have assessed the qualities of studies, levels of evidence, and referred to other guidelines proposed by Western countries. After several panel discussions, we merged opinions from the subcommittee members and proposed a Taiwan consensus.
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