Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), including the capital city and five adjacent provinces, consti... more Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), including the capital city and five adjacent provinces, constitutes one of the top 10 megacities experiencing serious traffic congestion in the world, leading to air quality problems with significant adverse human health risks. Previously, there have been many operations planned to influence the fuel consumption and emissions from the on-road transport sector in the BMR area. It is necessary to estimate emissions using detailed information in order to thoroughly understand the reason for changes in emission levels and their impact on air quality. This paper aims to determine the successful implementation of energy and air pollution control policies in
The PM 10 Emissions from forest fires in Thailand were estimated on the basis of activity data (f... more The PM 10 Emissions from forest fires in Thailand were estimated on the basis of activity data (fuel load and forest fire area) and emission factors. The estimation is covered the period of 2005 to 2009. Satellite information from MODIS sensor which embarked on the Terra and Aqua was used to assess spatial and temporal distributions of forest fire areas in Thailand. During the studied period, forest fires occurred nearly 87,000 times, corresponding with a damaged forest area of about 78,200 km 2 , and a combusted surface fuel of approximately 22,388,000 tonns dry matter. In addition, it is observed that more than 80 percents of forest fires occurred in the tropical deciduous forest included mixed deciduous and dry dipterocarp forest. The annual PM 10 emissions from forest fire were in the range of 0.043-0.067 Mt of PM 10 . PM 10 emission occurred mainly from January to May. The Upper-Northern, the Western, and the Upper-Northeastern parts of Thailand are the 3 regions, which high de...
ABSTRACT Predicting fire spread rates is essential in planning and deciding whether to conduct pr... more ABSTRACT Predicting fire spread rates is essential in planning and deciding whether to conduct prescribed fires or suppressing forest fires. This study was conducted with the objective of developing a fire spread model for deciduous forest fires by using a simple statistical model. Test fires were conducted under a range of weather and fuel conditions to gather quantitative data on fire spreading. A series of 80 experimental fire plots were set in deciduous forests in the Northern Thailand during the forest fire seasons from 2008-2009. The factors influencing the fire spread rate, i.e., weather, fuel, and topography conditions, were measured to model the fire spread. According to the burning experiments, the fire spread rate was 0.51-2.55 m/min. Multiple nonlinear regression analyses of slope terrain, fuel load, and moisture content of fuels were found to be able to accurately predict the fire spread rate at a confidence level of 25-88%. The developed model can be applied to deciduous forest fuels in other regions of Thailand. However, its use should be restricted to typical weather conditions.
Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2013
ABSTRACT Studies on air pollution and climate change have shown that forest fires constitute one ... more ABSTRACT Studies on air pollution and climate change have shown that forest fires constitute one of the major sources of atmospheric trace gases and particulate matter, especially during the dry season. However, these emissions remain difficult to quantify due to uncertainty on the extent of burned areas and deficient knowledge on the forest fire behaviours in each country. This study aims to estimate emissions from forest fires in Thailand by using the combination of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for active fire products and country-specific data based on prescribed burning experiments. The results indicate that 27817 fire hotspots (FHS) associated with forest fires were detected by the MODIS during 2005–2009. These FHS mainly occurred in the northern, western, and upper north-eastern parts of Thailand. Each year, the most significant fires were observed during January–May, with a peak in March. The majority of forest FHS were detected in the afternoon. According to the prescribed burning experiments, the average area of forest burned per fire event was found to fall within the range 1.09 to 12.47 ha, depending upon the terrain slope and weather conditions. The total burned area was computed at 159309 ha corresponding to the surface biomass fuel of 541515 tons dry matter. The forest fire emissions were computed at 855593 tons of CO2, 56318 tons of CO, 3682 tons of CH4, 108 tons of N2O, 4928 tons of PM2.5, 4603 tons of PM10, 357 tons of BC and 2816 tons of OC.
Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), including the capital city and five adjacent provinces, consti... more Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), including the capital city and five adjacent provinces, constitutes one of the top 10 megacities experiencing serious traffic congestion in the world, leading to air quality problems with significant adverse human health risks. Previously, there have been many operations planned to influence the fuel consumption and emissions from the on-road transport sector in the BMR area. It is necessary to estimate emissions using detailed information in order to thoroughly understand the reason for changes in emission levels and their impact on air quality. This paper aims to determine the successful implementation of energy and air pollution control policies in
The PM 10 Emissions from forest fires in Thailand were estimated on the basis of activity data (f... more The PM 10 Emissions from forest fires in Thailand were estimated on the basis of activity data (fuel load and forest fire area) and emission factors. The estimation is covered the period of 2005 to 2009. Satellite information from MODIS sensor which embarked on the Terra and Aqua was used to assess spatial and temporal distributions of forest fire areas in Thailand. During the studied period, forest fires occurred nearly 87,000 times, corresponding with a damaged forest area of about 78,200 km 2 , and a combusted surface fuel of approximately 22,388,000 tonns dry matter. In addition, it is observed that more than 80 percents of forest fires occurred in the tropical deciduous forest included mixed deciduous and dry dipterocarp forest. The annual PM 10 emissions from forest fire were in the range of 0.043-0.067 Mt of PM 10 . PM 10 emission occurred mainly from January to May. The Upper-Northern, the Western, and the Upper-Northeastern parts of Thailand are the 3 regions, which high de...
ABSTRACT Predicting fire spread rates is essential in planning and deciding whether to conduct pr... more ABSTRACT Predicting fire spread rates is essential in planning and deciding whether to conduct prescribed fires or suppressing forest fires. This study was conducted with the objective of developing a fire spread model for deciduous forest fires by using a simple statistical model. Test fires were conducted under a range of weather and fuel conditions to gather quantitative data on fire spreading. A series of 80 experimental fire plots were set in deciduous forests in the Northern Thailand during the forest fire seasons from 2008-2009. The factors influencing the fire spread rate, i.e., weather, fuel, and topography conditions, were measured to model the fire spread. According to the burning experiments, the fire spread rate was 0.51-2.55 m/min. Multiple nonlinear regression analyses of slope terrain, fuel load, and moisture content of fuels were found to be able to accurately predict the fire spread rate at a confidence level of 25-88%. The developed model can be applied to deciduous forest fuels in other regions of Thailand. However, its use should be restricted to typical weather conditions.
Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2013
ABSTRACT Studies on air pollution and climate change have shown that forest fires constitute one ... more ABSTRACT Studies on air pollution and climate change have shown that forest fires constitute one of the major sources of atmospheric trace gases and particulate matter, especially during the dry season. However, these emissions remain difficult to quantify due to uncertainty on the extent of burned areas and deficient knowledge on the forest fire behaviours in each country. This study aims to estimate emissions from forest fires in Thailand by using the combination of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for active fire products and country-specific data based on prescribed burning experiments. The results indicate that 27817 fire hotspots (FHS) associated with forest fires were detected by the MODIS during 2005–2009. These FHS mainly occurred in the northern, western, and upper north-eastern parts of Thailand. Each year, the most significant fires were observed during January–May, with a peak in March. The majority of forest FHS were detected in the afternoon. According to the prescribed burning experiments, the average area of forest burned per fire event was found to fall within the range 1.09 to 12.47 ha, depending upon the terrain slope and weather conditions. The total burned area was computed at 159309 ha corresponding to the surface biomass fuel of 541515 tons dry matter. The forest fire emissions were computed at 855593 tons of CO2, 56318 tons of CO, 3682 tons of CH4, 108 tons of N2O, 4928 tons of PM2.5, 4603 tons of PM10, 357 tons of BC and 2816 tons of OC.
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