Being in the regulatory field of WTO and implementing the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agree... more Being in the regulatory field of WTO and implementing the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement with the EU, Ukraine defines foreign trade in agricultural products among the priorities of national economic development, which is fully justified due to the existing potential, and the possibility of its realization. In this context, the problem of adequate business and informational environment creating to ensure free access to foreign markets and stable trade flows of competitive products is actualized. Purpose of the article: comprehensive analysis of measures regulating foreign trade in agriculture, evaluation of state support for agriculture effectiveness in some countries of the world and suggesting directions of Ukraine’s regulatory policy improving in this area. Modern regulatory policy in the sphere of foreign trade in agri-food products is defined as a set of actions of the governments aimed to create preconditions for the effective implementation of business activities taking into account the factors that influence flexibility, legality, equality, transparency and balance between the interests of the state and society. It should effectively combine the task of the agrarian sector development at the national scale with the requirements of international institutions, major trends of international trade, the current state and prospects for changes in the world’s food market expected conditions. Regulatory policy should include measures to ensure food security and protect the domestic market, promote export and improve its structure, as well as support domestic agricultural producers. Comparative analysis of tariff and non-tariff measures of agricultural foreign trade regulation in the US, EU, Russia and Ukraine has shown significantly higher rates of duty for agricultural products compared to non-agricultural products. Significantly lower levels of tariff protection for agri-food products in Ukraine compared to many trade partners were identified. Extensive use of non-tariff measures by developed countries under conditions of their limited use by Ukraine is taking place. Bearing in mind the issue of limited funding opportunities of Ukraine, the aforementioned fact complicates implementation of policies aimed to improve competitiveness of the national economy within the framework of full membership in the WTO. Analyzing the impact of the state support on agriculture by OECD methodology in the US, EU, Russia and Ukraine, it was concluded that Ukrainian agricultural support policy is characterized by the lack of stability and ineffective implementation of budget support programs. Export stimulation and improvement of Ukrainian products’ quality and competitiveness in foreign markets can be realized through measures of foreign trade regulatory policy targeted to facilitation of access to foreign markets and improvement of producer’s support, which, inter alia, includes informational, financial, institutional support and the internal market protection measures.The generalization of the world experience in the regulatory policy’s formation and implementation followed by evaluation of its state support for agriculture, allowed developing strategic directions of Ukraine’s regulatory foreign trade policy in agriculture improving, which are combined with the international treaties and national regulatory institutions and based on access to foreign markets improving, financial, institutional and informational support, protection of the agricultural domestic market, export stimulation and optimization of its sectoral and regional structure. Implementation of the proposed measures will improve regulatory policy in foreign trade and quality competitiveness of domestic agricultural products in the world markets.
Розкрито сутність глобальних ланцюгів створення вартості. Висвітлено основні теорії, що досліджую... more Розкрито сутність глобальних ланцюгів створення вартості. Висвітлено основні теорії, що досліджують цей феномен. Проаналізовано можливість залучення
національних підприємств у глобальні ланцюги створення вартості в контексті
обсягів імпорту у проміжному споживанні в окремих видах діяльності. На основі
зіставлення показників виробничої залежності від імпорту, міжнародної виробничої фрагментації та експортоорієнтованості галузей промисловості країни визначено, які галузі є найбільш перспективними щодо залучення у глобальні ланцюги створення вартості.
Досліджено основні тенденції розвитку зовнішньоекономічного сектора України.
Виявлено ключові пр... more Досліджено основні тенденції розвитку зовнішньоекономічного сектора України.
Виявлено ключові проблеми, що гальмують зростання його ефективності. Визначено перспективні напрями подальшого розвитку зовнішньоторговельного сектора та економіки України загалом.
У статті визначено основні тенденції зовнішньої торгівлі України з ЄС. Проаналізовано структуру ... more У статті визначено основні тенденції зовнішньої торгівлі України з ЄС. Проаналізовано структуру та динаміку імпорту товарів з країн співтовариства за період з 2007 по 2015 рр. Досліджено передумови її формування. Визначено загрози для вітчизняного ринку від лібералізації тарифного захисту за умов дії
зони вільної торгівлі. Запропоновано шляхи врівноваження товарної структури імпорту з ЄС.
С помощью анализа объемов и товарной структуры импорта на основных отраслевых рынках Украины в со... more С помощью анализа объемов и товарной структуры импорта на основных отраслевых рынках Украины в сопоставлении с отечественным производством выявлено, что импортные поставки не служат фактором упадка
отечественных производителей. Обоснованы рекомендации по совершенствованию регулирования импорта и улучшению макроэкономической политики.
Background. The suggested scientific article is devoted to topical issue of forming an effective ... more Background. The suggested scientific article is devoted to topical issue of forming an effective model of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU caused by the signing of a deep and comprehensive free trade area. Consideration of this issue is based on the research of the exports dynamics of goods and services to the EU, identification of opportunities for access of Ukrainian goods to the EU market.
The review of scientific sources in this area indicates that among the scientists the discussions on the potential opportunities of the release of Ukrainian producers on the EU market are conducted. The issues of the impact of the DCFTA on the economic development of Ukraine are studied in a small number among the existing works. However, the trends of exports of goods and services to the EU need further research, and the identification of the problems for domestic exporting enterprises when entering the European market.
The aim of the research is the assessment of the trends of the development of the export of goods and services to the EU and problems for Ukrainian producers when entering the European market.
Materials and methods. In the scientific article the following methods of research are used: axiomatic (during the justification of certain provisions as initial axioms), statistical (for setting the dynamics of the main indicators of the development of exports, its commodity and geographical structure), methods of comparative analysis and generalization of data (for identification of problems and development trends of exports to the EU). The works of domestic scientists, materials of United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the State Statistics Service of Ukraine became the information base for the research.
The results of the research. The comparative analysis of indicators of the economy openness of Ukraine and European countries is conducted. Indicators of development of exports of goods and services to the EU and its geographic and commodity structure are assessed. The export orientation of certain types of economic activity on the basis of the tables «expenses-output» is calculated. The extent of the unification of Ukrainian legislation in the sphere of technical regulation, standardization and metrology with European requirements. The main problems faced by Ukrainian commodity producers when entering the European market are determined.
Conclusion. The results of the research gave the opportunity to conclude that among the key problems in the sphere of foreign trade with EU countries, in particular in terms of its export component is dominated by raw material orientation of Ukrainian exports for the simultaneous import of goods with high level of processing and as a result, inefficient structure of foreign trade; insufficient integration of Ukraine in the system of international technological cooperation; the dependence of export production on imports of goods for intermediate consumption; low level of support of small and medium businesses in the sphere of foreign economic activity; insufficient level of export promotion of Ukraine on the European markets.
The aim of the article. In modern conditions Ukraine, likewise to the majority of developing coun... more The aim of the article. In modern conditions Ukraine, likewise to the majority of developing countries is not able to provide social and economic development by their own financial resources and needs foreign capital inflows. Respectively, the purpose of this article is to determine the main factors that affect the attraction of foreign direct investments and their effective use in the national economy and develop a model to assess their impact on the FDI volume.
The results of the analysis. By empirically examining, having built a mathematical model in the form of linear regression, it was found a significant correlation between the net international investment position and internal and external factors of the national economy. Furthermore, internal factors play key role in the fluctuation of the FDI amount attracted to the Ukraine's economy in the studied period (2000-2014 years). This fact expands the range of instruments of state regulation and creation a competitive market environment for attracting foreign investments.
To study the nature of internal and external factors impact, and, hence, to identify areas of state influence on attracting foreign investment, there were examined determinants of independent variables in the regression model. Taking into account the statistical data and experts opinions, we can surmise that the main restraining factor for FDI attraction is not the war in the East and social tension in the whole country, however economic factors: the lack of development of private property institution and stock market; washout of capital and profits from domestic companies in favor of the related foreign companies; high interest rates on loans, etc.
All of this points to the fact that in the current circumstances first and foremost, it is advisable to strengthen protection of private property in Ukraine. According to the experience of leading countries, government should provide adequate compensation to foreign investors in case of nationalization of assets and continue to reform the government branches, especially the judiciary and law enforcement in terms of fighting corruption and power abusing. Secondly, in the area of fiscal management public administration should be focused on transparency and simplicity of the tax basis calculation, taking into consideration experience of countries with the most favorable in the world tax systems for doing business. Thirdly, it is necessary to develop national stock market in order to both: effectively reallocate national income among different sectors of the economy, and to attract additional financial resources from the world capital markets.
Conclusions and directions of further researches. All in all, it is clear, that current economic situation in the country requires that the suggested measures are to be implemented systematically, comprehensively and as soon as possible, in order not to let business to adapt to new conditions and develop new schemes to come over the laws.
Determining the conditions for further liberalization and the reality of long-term and effective ... more Determining the conditions for further liberalization and the reality of long-term and effective trade and economic cooperation of Ukraine with the EU countries requires assessing the strength and probability of the influence of institutional factors. The possibility of taking into account the significance of institutional factors in the development of foreign trade relations creates a gravity modelling. Determination of gravitational principles of foreign trade actualizes the problem of developing the gravity model, which takes into account impact of institutional factors, contains the necessary and sufficient number of factors, and may be tested for adequacy based on statistical data. The purpose of the paper is to construct the gravity model taking into account the institutional conditions of trade and its empirical verification on the example of trade turnover between Ukraine and the EU. Methodology. Methods of statistical analysis and econometric modelling were used for constructing the gravity model, estimating its statistical significance and predictive ability. In the article, the necessity of taking into account the influence of institutional factors on the formation of the competitive status of the country in the sphere of international trade is substantiated. It is proved that, in conditions of increasing the contradictory nature of trade relations, the role of institutional gravity factors in foreign trade between states increases. The result of the article is the gravity model with such explanatory factors, as the gross domestic product of trade partners in purchasing power parity and the complex characteristic of “trade distance” between countries as an indicator of the influence of institutional factors on foreign trade relations. As a conclusion, it may be noted that the model is statistically significant, adequately describes the input data. The proposed model takes into account the presence of institutional factors of foreign trade, whose influence on the interstate trade and economic cooperation conditions is constantly increasing. Value/originality. The proposed results can be used for modelling and forecasting of foreign trade between trading partners, taking into account the impact of specific institutional factors on their foreign trade relations.
At present, the global community uses a variety of indicators to assess the national brand and de... more At present, the global community uses a variety of indicators to assess the national brand and determine the country’s position relative to others’: Brand Finance’s Country Brand Index, FutureBrand’s Country Brand Index, Anholt’s Nation Brands Index, Bloom Consulting’s Country Brand Ranking, Global Competitiveness Index and so on. It is, however, appropriate to use the spatial set of brand and global competitiveness indexes combined with strategic analysis and planning models to develop country brand management models. This approach is based on the objective assessment
and building of the integral Country Brand Index (CBI), distinguishing the main components affecting global competitiveness - macroeconomic, social, corporate and innovation components, as well as the analysis of the contribution of factors. This makes it possible to determine the position of countries in the world on the basis of comparison of the CBIs with the Global competitiveness Index, as well as quantitatively characterize the contributions of key factors forming the CBI in
order to formulate appropriate strategies depending on the position of the country in the world. According to the author, the application of the proposed method will strengthen the soundness of determining the factors influencing on the county brand, enrich the theoretical and methodological principles of analysis of the country brand in the context of global competitiveness, expand the information base and increase the effectiveness of state policy in the field of forming a national branding strategy.
The purpose of the paper is to summarize theoretical studies in the field of contractual relation... more The purpose of the paper is to summarize theoretical studies in the field of contractual relations implementation in the modern strategies of TNCs economic competition on international product and resource markets, as well as to assess the impact of certain contractual relations types on the macroeconomic dynamics of countries integrated into the global value chains of TNCs. Methodology. Based on the World Bank Open Data and UNCTADSTAT, there was made the assessment of indirect socio-economic and innovative effects of contract production on the macroeconomic indicators of the individual countries development by means of the correlationregression method. Results. The influence of institutional, political, and economic restrictions that restrain the investment activity of international corporations on the international markets of finished and intermediate products is disclosed. A trend that complicates the forms and methods of external expansion in terms of more flexible latent forms, in particular, through contractual relations (subordinate production, licensing, franchising, contract management) is identified. The role of international contractual relations in measuring nonlinear formats of the externalization of TNC business is revealed. Exogenous (related to the institutional environment of the host-countries) and endogenous factors (the sphere of activity, corporate strategy, formed competencies and competitive advantages of the companies) that allow TNCs to obtain competitive advantages from the use of contractual relations in multi-level network structures with coordination mechanisms and management regimes are determined. Practical implications consist in the improvement of a theoretical and methodical approach to assessing international contractual relationships from the positions of microeconomic analysis (means TNC’s management strategies) and taking into account macroeconomic effects (means their influence on the macroeconomic development of the contracting and implementing parties is proposed). Value/originality. The article points on problems of expanding the practice of international contractual relations: optimization of taxation, predatory exploitation of human, technological and natural resources of host countries by TNCs, “freezing” of national subcontractors on the stages with low value added, distortion of export capabilities of host countries by products export imitation created by means of the foreign suppliers’ give-and-take raw materials and, as a result, the distortion of the balance of payments.
In the context of neo-protectionism and in terms of WTO membership, regulatory mechanisms for pro... more In the context of neo-protectionism and in terms of WTO membership, regulatory mechanisms for promoting the national producer and country’s external expansion require an institutional basis. This paper primarily aims to explore the resource and institutional component in promoting Ukraine’s exports to Chinese market and to identify the level of Ukraine’s export promotion system effectiveness based on combinatorial approach, which includes the calculation of quantitative indicators of foreign trade in the form of international production and marketing cooperation and estimation of qualitative parameters of export promotion effectiveness. The empirical findings indicate following: high dynamism of increasing mutual trade volume; enlargement of trade flows asymmetry caused by the negative trade balance of Ukrainian economy; limited list of commodity groups of Ukrainian exports in mutual trade with China with stable relative advantages; dominance of low-value-added commodities among export priority groups; absence of beneficial effect of such a factor as “long-term partnerships” in the mutual trade flow. The paper reveals that national export promotion system in Ukraine can be characterized by low efficiency and strong potential for growth. The authors emphasize the importance of intensifying the projects and mechanisms of financial and investment support for exporters with increasing the level of their innovative orientation. Prospects for further research in this area are as follows: the assessment of macroeconomic effects from the introduction of export promotion tools for the national economy of countries of origin of goods and importing countries; detection of anticompetitive risks in the implementation of selective support programs for exporters.
The article considers the theoretical essence of the lean production concept. It has been proved ... more The article considers the theoretical essence of the lean production concept. It has been proved that its essence lies in identifying and reducing costs of processes, and sometimes eliminating business processes that do not create added value but consume large amount of resources. The main constituent elements, tools and principles of lean concept implementation have been outlined. The possibility of implementation of lean logistics in the activity of agricultural enterprises has been considered. It has been defined that combination of lean logistics and “green logistics” is a rational way to increase both economic and ecological efficiency. The VSM tool have been offered for implementation of the lean concept. VSM maps provide a visual representation of step-by-step scenario to achieve the strategic goals of the company, representing material and information flows required to deliver a product to the final consumer. It has been confirmed that the implementation of the lean concept at agricultural enterprises is an element of ensuring their functioning on the basis of sustainable development, a means of increasing environmental and economic efficiency.
The purpose of the research. The research subject purpose is theoretical and practical aspects of... more The purpose of the research. The research subject purpose is theoretical and practical aspects of the statistical assessment of the green economy potential in the sustainable development context. The methods. The article is based on the categories of theoretical (hypothesis, concept, theory, problem) and empirical (facts, empirical summarizations, empirical dependences) level of the issue, distinctive features of which are: objectivity; categorical character; rationality; testability; high level of generalization; universality and use of special tools and methods of cognition. General scientific and special methods of research are used to achieve the article’s purpose and solve its problems, namely: methods of analysis, abstraction and synthesis, induction and deduction, and system structuring method; hypothetico-deductive method; method of historical and logical integrity; method of idealization; methods of classification and system generalization; statistical methods. Considering that further “greening” of socio-economic indicators constitutes a vital problem remaining on the agenda of global and national institutes of development, the article’s objective is to develop an integral approach to the revision of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) built by the UN approach, through comparing existing approaches to the statistical assessment of the green economy state and the green growth potential, taking into account the proposed energy indices and indicators. Results. It is demonstrated that because none of the integral indicators of “green economy” development has been widely adopted by now, national and international statistics have no grounds for separating green goods and services as a specific sector of the national economy. Practical implications. The System of Environmental- Economic Accounting (SEEA) has been adopted as a basic tool for the assessment of indicators reflecting the causal links between the economy and the environment. It is substantiated that most part of the data for measuring green growth processes has to be possibly collected by SEEA. Value/originality. The importance of the assessment of the dynamics of national economy greening is demonstrated, because this type of analysis enables one to assess the change in the environmental impact of the new economic model by analyzing the factors and identifying most effective methods for decreasing environmental pressures of economic activities. The advantage of such assessment is that it can be made on the basis of the available statistical data. Considering that energy indices and indicators are widely used in many international reporting systems to assess the state of green economy and the potential of green growth in the sustainable development context, we made an attempt to systematize all the indicators by the two main groups: direct and indirect. It is revealed that international organizations (ОЕСР, UNEP and the World Bank) attempt to unify the existing approaches in constructing their own algorithms for the assessment of “green growth”, in particular with the indicators of Sustainable Development Goals. At the same time, national statistical agencies attempt to build a set of statistical indicators for the assessment of green economy development as indicators of demand for green products. It is demonstrated that harmonized definitions of economic activities concerned with the green industry and green jobs and comparable key indicators, if used internationally, will enable for the statistical assessment of the green economic development in space and time.
Being in the regulatory field of WTO and implementing the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agree... more Being in the regulatory field of WTO and implementing the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement with the EU, Ukraine defines foreign trade in agricultural products among the priorities of national economic development, which is fully justified due to the existing potential, and the possibility of its realization. In this context, the problem of adequate business and informational environment creating to ensure free access to foreign markets and stable trade flows of competitive products is actualized. Purpose of the article: comprehensive analysis of measures regulating foreign trade in agriculture, evaluation of state support for agriculture effectiveness in some countries of the world and suggesting directions of Ukraine’s regulatory policy improving in this area. Modern regulatory policy in the sphere of foreign trade in agri-food products is defined as a set of actions of the governments aimed to create preconditions for the effective implementation of business activities taking into account the factors that influence flexibility, legality, equality, transparency and balance between the interests of the state and society. It should effectively combine the task of the agrarian sector development at the national scale with the requirements of international institutions, major trends of international trade, the current state and prospects for changes in the world’s food market expected conditions. Regulatory policy should include measures to ensure food security and protect the domestic market, promote export and improve its structure, as well as support domestic agricultural producers. Comparative analysis of tariff and non-tariff measures of agricultural foreign trade regulation in the US, EU, Russia and Ukraine has shown significantly higher rates of duty for agricultural products compared to non-agricultural products. Significantly lower levels of tariff protection for agri-food products in Ukraine compared to many trade partners were identified. Extensive use of non-tariff measures by developed countries under conditions of their limited use by Ukraine is taking place. Bearing in mind the issue of limited funding opportunities of Ukraine, the aforementioned fact complicates implementation of policies aimed to improve competitiveness of the national economy within the framework of full membership in the WTO. Analyzing the impact of the state support on agriculture by OECD methodology in the US, EU, Russia and Ukraine, it was concluded that Ukrainian agricultural support policy is characterized by the lack of stability and ineffective implementation of budget support programs. Export stimulation and improvement of Ukrainian products’ quality and competitiveness in foreign markets can be realized through measures of foreign trade regulatory policy targeted to facilitation of access to foreign markets and improvement of producer’s support, which, inter alia, includes informational, financial, institutional support and the internal market protection measures.The generalization of the world experience in the regulatory policy’s formation and implementation followed by evaluation of its state support for agriculture, allowed developing strategic directions of Ukraine’s regulatory foreign trade policy in agriculture improving, which are combined with the international treaties and national regulatory institutions and based on access to foreign markets improving, financial, institutional and informational support, protection of the agricultural domestic market, export stimulation and optimization of its sectoral and regional structure. Implementation of the proposed measures will improve regulatory policy in foreign trade and quality competitiveness of domestic agricultural products in the world markets.
Розкрито сутність глобальних ланцюгів створення вартості. Висвітлено основні теорії, що досліджую... more Розкрито сутність глобальних ланцюгів створення вартості. Висвітлено основні теорії, що досліджують цей феномен. Проаналізовано можливість залучення
національних підприємств у глобальні ланцюги створення вартості в контексті
обсягів імпорту у проміжному споживанні в окремих видах діяльності. На основі
зіставлення показників виробничої залежності від імпорту, міжнародної виробничої фрагментації та експортоорієнтованості галузей промисловості країни визначено, які галузі є найбільш перспективними щодо залучення у глобальні ланцюги створення вартості.
Досліджено основні тенденції розвитку зовнішньоекономічного сектора України.
Виявлено ключові пр... more Досліджено основні тенденції розвитку зовнішньоекономічного сектора України.
Виявлено ключові проблеми, що гальмують зростання його ефективності. Визначено перспективні напрями подальшого розвитку зовнішньоторговельного сектора та економіки України загалом.
У статті визначено основні тенденції зовнішньої торгівлі України з ЄС. Проаналізовано структуру ... more У статті визначено основні тенденції зовнішньої торгівлі України з ЄС. Проаналізовано структуру та динаміку імпорту товарів з країн співтовариства за період з 2007 по 2015 рр. Досліджено передумови її формування. Визначено загрози для вітчизняного ринку від лібералізації тарифного захисту за умов дії
зони вільної торгівлі. Запропоновано шляхи врівноваження товарної структури імпорту з ЄС.
С помощью анализа объемов и товарной структуры импорта на основных отраслевых рынках Украины в со... more С помощью анализа объемов и товарной структуры импорта на основных отраслевых рынках Украины в сопоставлении с отечественным производством выявлено, что импортные поставки не служат фактором упадка
отечественных производителей. Обоснованы рекомендации по совершенствованию регулирования импорта и улучшению макроэкономической политики.
Background. The suggested scientific article is devoted to topical issue of forming an effective ... more Background. The suggested scientific article is devoted to topical issue of forming an effective model of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU caused by the signing of a deep and comprehensive free trade area. Consideration of this issue is based on the research of the exports dynamics of goods and services to the EU, identification of opportunities for access of Ukrainian goods to the EU market.
The review of scientific sources in this area indicates that among the scientists the discussions on the potential opportunities of the release of Ukrainian producers on the EU market are conducted. The issues of the impact of the DCFTA on the economic development of Ukraine are studied in a small number among the existing works. However, the trends of exports of goods and services to the EU need further research, and the identification of the problems for domestic exporting enterprises when entering the European market.
The aim of the research is the assessment of the trends of the development of the export of goods and services to the EU and problems for Ukrainian producers when entering the European market.
Materials and methods. In the scientific article the following methods of research are used: axiomatic (during the justification of certain provisions as initial axioms), statistical (for setting the dynamics of the main indicators of the development of exports, its commodity and geographical structure), methods of comparative analysis and generalization of data (for identification of problems and development trends of exports to the EU). The works of domestic scientists, materials of United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the State Statistics Service of Ukraine became the information base for the research.
The results of the research. The comparative analysis of indicators of the economy openness of Ukraine and European countries is conducted. Indicators of development of exports of goods and services to the EU and its geographic and commodity structure are assessed. The export orientation of certain types of economic activity on the basis of the tables «expenses-output» is calculated. The extent of the unification of Ukrainian legislation in the sphere of technical regulation, standardization and metrology with European requirements. The main problems faced by Ukrainian commodity producers when entering the European market are determined.
Conclusion. The results of the research gave the opportunity to conclude that among the key problems in the sphere of foreign trade with EU countries, in particular in terms of its export component is dominated by raw material orientation of Ukrainian exports for the simultaneous import of goods with high level of processing and as a result, inefficient structure of foreign trade; insufficient integration of Ukraine in the system of international technological cooperation; the dependence of export production on imports of goods for intermediate consumption; low level of support of small and medium businesses in the sphere of foreign economic activity; insufficient level of export promotion of Ukraine on the European markets.
The aim of the article. In modern conditions Ukraine, likewise to the majority of developing coun... more The aim of the article. In modern conditions Ukraine, likewise to the majority of developing countries is not able to provide social and economic development by their own financial resources and needs foreign capital inflows. Respectively, the purpose of this article is to determine the main factors that affect the attraction of foreign direct investments and their effective use in the national economy and develop a model to assess their impact on the FDI volume.
The results of the analysis. By empirically examining, having built a mathematical model in the form of linear regression, it was found a significant correlation between the net international investment position and internal and external factors of the national economy. Furthermore, internal factors play key role in the fluctuation of the FDI amount attracted to the Ukraine's economy in the studied period (2000-2014 years). This fact expands the range of instruments of state regulation and creation a competitive market environment for attracting foreign investments.
To study the nature of internal and external factors impact, and, hence, to identify areas of state influence on attracting foreign investment, there were examined determinants of independent variables in the regression model. Taking into account the statistical data and experts opinions, we can surmise that the main restraining factor for FDI attraction is not the war in the East and social tension in the whole country, however economic factors: the lack of development of private property institution and stock market; washout of capital and profits from domestic companies in favor of the related foreign companies; high interest rates on loans, etc.
All of this points to the fact that in the current circumstances first and foremost, it is advisable to strengthen protection of private property in Ukraine. According to the experience of leading countries, government should provide adequate compensation to foreign investors in case of nationalization of assets and continue to reform the government branches, especially the judiciary and law enforcement in terms of fighting corruption and power abusing. Secondly, in the area of fiscal management public administration should be focused on transparency and simplicity of the tax basis calculation, taking into consideration experience of countries with the most favorable in the world tax systems for doing business. Thirdly, it is necessary to develop national stock market in order to both: effectively reallocate national income among different sectors of the economy, and to attract additional financial resources from the world capital markets.
Conclusions and directions of further researches. All in all, it is clear, that current economic situation in the country requires that the suggested measures are to be implemented systematically, comprehensively and as soon as possible, in order not to let business to adapt to new conditions and develop new schemes to come over the laws.
Determining the conditions for further liberalization and the reality of long-term and effective ... more Determining the conditions for further liberalization and the reality of long-term and effective trade and economic cooperation of Ukraine with the EU countries requires assessing the strength and probability of the influence of institutional factors. The possibility of taking into account the significance of institutional factors in the development of foreign trade relations creates a gravity modelling. Determination of gravitational principles of foreign trade actualizes the problem of developing the gravity model, which takes into account impact of institutional factors, contains the necessary and sufficient number of factors, and may be tested for adequacy based on statistical data. The purpose of the paper is to construct the gravity model taking into account the institutional conditions of trade and its empirical verification on the example of trade turnover between Ukraine and the EU. Methodology. Methods of statistical analysis and econometric modelling were used for constructing the gravity model, estimating its statistical significance and predictive ability. In the article, the necessity of taking into account the influence of institutional factors on the formation of the competitive status of the country in the sphere of international trade is substantiated. It is proved that, in conditions of increasing the contradictory nature of trade relations, the role of institutional gravity factors in foreign trade between states increases. The result of the article is the gravity model with such explanatory factors, as the gross domestic product of trade partners in purchasing power parity and the complex characteristic of “trade distance” between countries as an indicator of the influence of institutional factors on foreign trade relations. As a conclusion, it may be noted that the model is statistically significant, adequately describes the input data. The proposed model takes into account the presence of institutional factors of foreign trade, whose influence on the interstate trade and economic cooperation conditions is constantly increasing. Value/originality. The proposed results can be used for modelling and forecasting of foreign trade between trading partners, taking into account the impact of specific institutional factors on their foreign trade relations.
At present, the global community uses a variety of indicators to assess the national brand and de... more At present, the global community uses a variety of indicators to assess the national brand and determine the country’s position relative to others’: Brand Finance’s Country Brand Index, FutureBrand’s Country Brand Index, Anholt’s Nation Brands Index, Bloom Consulting’s Country Brand Ranking, Global Competitiveness Index and so on. It is, however, appropriate to use the spatial set of brand and global competitiveness indexes combined with strategic analysis and planning models to develop country brand management models. This approach is based on the objective assessment
and building of the integral Country Brand Index (CBI), distinguishing the main components affecting global competitiveness - macroeconomic, social, corporate and innovation components, as well as the analysis of the contribution of factors. This makes it possible to determine the position of countries in the world on the basis of comparison of the CBIs with the Global competitiveness Index, as well as quantitatively characterize the contributions of key factors forming the CBI in
order to formulate appropriate strategies depending on the position of the country in the world. According to the author, the application of the proposed method will strengthen the soundness of determining the factors influencing on the county brand, enrich the theoretical and methodological principles of analysis of the country brand in the context of global competitiveness, expand the information base and increase the effectiveness of state policy in the field of forming a national branding strategy.
The purpose of the paper is to summarize theoretical studies in the field of contractual relation... more The purpose of the paper is to summarize theoretical studies in the field of contractual relations implementation in the modern strategies of TNCs economic competition on international product and resource markets, as well as to assess the impact of certain contractual relations types on the macroeconomic dynamics of countries integrated into the global value chains of TNCs. Methodology. Based on the World Bank Open Data and UNCTADSTAT, there was made the assessment of indirect socio-economic and innovative effects of contract production on the macroeconomic indicators of the individual countries development by means of the correlationregression method. Results. The influence of institutional, political, and economic restrictions that restrain the investment activity of international corporations on the international markets of finished and intermediate products is disclosed. A trend that complicates the forms and methods of external expansion in terms of more flexible latent forms, in particular, through contractual relations (subordinate production, licensing, franchising, contract management) is identified. The role of international contractual relations in measuring nonlinear formats of the externalization of TNC business is revealed. Exogenous (related to the institutional environment of the host-countries) and endogenous factors (the sphere of activity, corporate strategy, formed competencies and competitive advantages of the companies) that allow TNCs to obtain competitive advantages from the use of contractual relations in multi-level network structures with coordination mechanisms and management regimes are determined. Practical implications consist in the improvement of a theoretical and methodical approach to assessing international contractual relationships from the positions of microeconomic analysis (means TNC’s management strategies) and taking into account macroeconomic effects (means their influence on the macroeconomic development of the contracting and implementing parties is proposed). Value/originality. The article points on problems of expanding the practice of international contractual relations: optimization of taxation, predatory exploitation of human, technological and natural resources of host countries by TNCs, “freezing” of national subcontractors on the stages with low value added, distortion of export capabilities of host countries by products export imitation created by means of the foreign suppliers’ give-and-take raw materials and, as a result, the distortion of the balance of payments.
In the context of neo-protectionism and in terms of WTO membership, regulatory mechanisms for pro... more In the context of neo-protectionism and in terms of WTO membership, regulatory mechanisms for promoting the national producer and country’s external expansion require an institutional basis. This paper primarily aims to explore the resource and institutional component in promoting Ukraine’s exports to Chinese market and to identify the level of Ukraine’s export promotion system effectiveness based on combinatorial approach, which includes the calculation of quantitative indicators of foreign trade in the form of international production and marketing cooperation and estimation of qualitative parameters of export promotion effectiveness. The empirical findings indicate following: high dynamism of increasing mutual trade volume; enlargement of trade flows asymmetry caused by the negative trade balance of Ukrainian economy; limited list of commodity groups of Ukrainian exports in mutual trade with China with stable relative advantages; dominance of low-value-added commodities among export priority groups; absence of beneficial effect of such a factor as “long-term partnerships” in the mutual trade flow. The paper reveals that national export promotion system in Ukraine can be characterized by low efficiency and strong potential for growth. The authors emphasize the importance of intensifying the projects and mechanisms of financial and investment support for exporters with increasing the level of their innovative orientation. Prospects for further research in this area are as follows: the assessment of macroeconomic effects from the introduction of export promotion tools for the national economy of countries of origin of goods and importing countries; detection of anticompetitive risks in the implementation of selective support programs for exporters.
The article considers the theoretical essence of the lean production concept. It has been proved ... more The article considers the theoretical essence of the lean production concept. It has been proved that its essence lies in identifying and reducing costs of processes, and sometimes eliminating business processes that do not create added value but consume large amount of resources. The main constituent elements, tools and principles of lean concept implementation have been outlined. The possibility of implementation of lean logistics in the activity of agricultural enterprises has been considered. It has been defined that combination of lean logistics and “green logistics” is a rational way to increase both economic and ecological efficiency. The VSM tool have been offered for implementation of the lean concept. VSM maps provide a visual representation of step-by-step scenario to achieve the strategic goals of the company, representing material and information flows required to deliver a product to the final consumer. It has been confirmed that the implementation of the lean concept at agricultural enterprises is an element of ensuring their functioning on the basis of sustainable development, a means of increasing environmental and economic efficiency.
The purpose of the research. The research subject purpose is theoretical and practical aspects of... more The purpose of the research. The research subject purpose is theoretical and practical aspects of the statistical assessment of the green economy potential in the sustainable development context. The methods. The article is based on the categories of theoretical (hypothesis, concept, theory, problem) and empirical (facts, empirical summarizations, empirical dependences) level of the issue, distinctive features of which are: objectivity; categorical character; rationality; testability; high level of generalization; universality and use of special tools and methods of cognition. General scientific and special methods of research are used to achieve the article’s purpose and solve its problems, namely: methods of analysis, abstraction and synthesis, induction and deduction, and system structuring method; hypothetico-deductive method; method of historical and logical integrity; method of idealization; methods of classification and system generalization; statistical methods. Considering that further “greening” of socio-economic indicators constitutes a vital problem remaining on the agenda of global and national institutes of development, the article’s objective is to develop an integral approach to the revision of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) built by the UN approach, through comparing existing approaches to the statistical assessment of the green economy state and the green growth potential, taking into account the proposed energy indices and indicators. Results. It is demonstrated that because none of the integral indicators of “green economy” development has been widely adopted by now, national and international statistics have no grounds for separating green goods and services as a specific sector of the national economy. Practical implications. The System of Environmental- Economic Accounting (SEEA) has been adopted as a basic tool for the assessment of indicators reflecting the causal links between the economy and the environment. It is substantiated that most part of the data for measuring green growth processes has to be possibly collected by SEEA. Value/originality. The importance of the assessment of the dynamics of national economy greening is demonstrated, because this type of analysis enables one to assess the change in the environmental impact of the new economic model by analyzing the factors and identifying most effective methods for decreasing environmental pressures of economic activities. The advantage of such assessment is that it can be made on the basis of the available statistical data. Considering that energy indices and indicators are widely used in many international reporting systems to assess the state of green economy and the potential of green growth in the sustainable development context, we made an attempt to systematize all the indicators by the two main groups: direct and indirect. It is revealed that international organizations (ОЕСР, UNEP and the World Bank) attempt to unify the existing approaches in constructing their own algorithms for the assessment of “green growth”, in particular with the indicators of Sustainable Development Goals. At the same time, national statistical agencies attempt to build a set of statistical indicators for the assessment of green economy development as indicators of demand for green products. It is demonstrated that harmonized definitions of economic activities concerned with the green industry and green jobs and comparable key indicators, if used internationally, will enable for the statistical assessment of the green economic development in space and time.
З огляду на динамічність та значний вплив ІКТ на трансформацію сучасного світу, дедалі постає нео... more З огляду на динамічність та значний вплив ІКТ на трансформацію сучасного світу, дедалі постає необхідність у чіткому розумінні концепцій конкуренції, конкурентних переваг і конкурентоспроможності в ІТ-секторі, які достатньо неоднозначно тлумачяться різними зацікавленими сторонами. Дане дослідження має на меті прояснити сутність даних категорій в ІТ-секторі, запропонувавши всеосяжну та узгоджену перспективу. Завдяки огляду тематичної літератури за останні 30-ть років було з’ясовано, що конкуренція в ІТ-секторі ведеться за обмежені ресурси, пропозицію найкращої споживчої цінності для стейкхолдерів, лояльність цільових аудиторій, і як наслідок, отримання більшої частки ринку. З’ясовано, що характерними рисами конкуренції в ІТ-секторі є глобальний характер, короткі життєві цикли продуктів (як наслідок швидкого оновлення цифрових технологій), значний акцент на стратегічних партнерствах та M&A угодах, відчутний ціновий тиск, а також залежність від складної нормативної бази з питань конфід...
International scientific journal "Internauka". Series: "Economic Sciences"
The scientific work analyzes stock indices and how they react to external changes. Characteristic... more The scientific work analyzes stock indices and how they react to external changes. Characteristic features of the main world stock indices are highlighted and described, and possible prospects for their development are revealed. The article reveals the meaning of such concepts as stock indices, considers their essence, key indicators, as well as the impact of global problems on market fluctuations. The work is devoted to the study of some of the main problems of humanity during the last decade. The authors consider how Covid- 19 and the Russian-Ukrainian war affected the stock markets. The work provides an analysis of the features and development trends of the main stock indices against the background of global events. The impact, economic and political consequences, possible threats caused by the pandemic and war, as well as prospects for the further development of the world economy are revealed. The study identifies the main problems and trends in the development of stock markets ...
Introduction. The fourth wave of industrialization and total technologization made fundamental ch... more Introduction. The fourth wave of industrialization and total technologization made fundamental changes in the life of society and in business, including marketing. The issues of the essence and depth of transformational processes in marketing, the need to find a new paradigm of the marketing complex, the rationality of combining its classical and modern tools, the conditions of interaction with clients and the role of society in “marketing 4.0” remain controversial among scientists and practitioners. Investigate the genesis of the marketing complex from its origins to the present and its optimal model in terms of meeting the requirements of the time, product features of the transport market, and the concept of marketing on rail passenger transport. Results. Diachronic analysis of the transformation of the basic variant of the marketing complex made it possible to identify the reasons for these changes and to prove the inexpediency of forming a new paradigm of the marketing complex a...
Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice
The Regulation of the National Bank of Ukraine on Risk Management in Ukrainian Banks stipulates t... more The Regulation of the National Bank of Ukraine on Risk Management in Ukrainian Banks stipulates that this Regulation obliges banks to use the VaR methodology to assess market risk. The article shows that VaR is the absolute maximum amount of losses of the market investment portfolio due to fluctuations in prices for financial instruments during a certain fixed period of time (VaR horizon) in normal market conditions at a given level of confidence level (confidence level). A study of the Value at Risk methodology as the absolute maximum size of market investment portfolio losses due to price fluctuations in financial instruments during a certain fixed period of time (VaR horizon) in normal market conditions for a given level of confidence level (confidence level). It was found that there are three main methods of VaR: parametric VaR, or delta normal VaR, historical method, or historical simulation, Monte Carlo, or simulation and other methods and models. The parametric VaR method, or...
Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Agronomy and Biology
За сучасних кліматичних змін та підвищення антропогенного навантаження на навколишнє середовище н... more За сучасних кліматичних змін та підвищення антропогенного навантаження на навколишнє середовище неминучими є зміни у тваринному світі, зокрема серед мисливських тварин. Антропогенне навантаження виражається в збільшенні використання пестицидів та інших полютантів у доглядових заходах сільськогосподарського та лісового господарства. Зменшення площ природних лук скоротило кормову базу травоїдних тварин. Розорювання прируслових угідь, осушування боліт також негативно впливає на розмноження копитних тварин, особливо за спекотних літніх умов. Тенденції щодо суттєвого зменшення природних біотопів для тварин спостерігаються по всій території України. Доведено, що мисливські угіддя України порівняно з угіддями інших європейських країн характеризуються незначною продуктивністю. Так, щільність копитних на 1 тис. га становить лише 0,06 голови, що в десятки разів менше ніж у країнах Європи. У видовому різноманітті мисливських копитних домінуюче місце в угіддях України займає козуля (167,7 тис. ...
With the intensification of international integration processes, export potential is the most imp... more With the intensification of international integration processes, export potential is the most important factor in the economic growth of states and a condition for equal accession to the world economy. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors of formation and implementation of the export potential of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, its evaluation, the definition of the place of Ukrainian products on world food markets. Methodology. To achieve the designated objectives, a comprehensive approach was used, which included the calculation of indicators of export potential of Ukrainian agro-industrial complex in international trade with the countries of the world and in comparison with major trading partners through the dynamics and structure of foreign trade, export value per capita, export quota, export share of goods in their production, net export potential coefficient; the ratio of the export quota to the population; the country's export efficiency ratio; the c...
The article reviews the changes in administrative-territorial division of the Khmelnytsky region ... more The article reviews the changes in administrative-territorial division of the Khmelnytsky region that occurred due to the reform of the territorial organization of power in Ukraine. The authors have given an assessment of the methodic of formation of the territorial communities capable for social and economic development, analyzed the definition of the territorial community capable for social and economic development, and defined the requirements for creation of the necessary infrastructure for community development. Consolidated territorial communities, created in the Khmelnytsky region, were divided into groups in terms of their economic capacity. The article also presents specific achievements of the consolidated territorial communities over the year 2016. The authors pointed out the least and most dependent communities on the state budget, separately distinguishing the communities functioning as donors of the state budget, and analyzed the communities in terms of their own budge...
Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod University. Series: «Pedagogy. Social Work», 2021
The article presents the results of the use of business games in the preparation of foreign medic... more The article presents the results of the use of business games in the preparation of foreign medical students for Ukrainian language communication in the course of Ukrainian as a foreign language. The relevance of the study is due to the need to develop new forms and methods of work, determined by rethinking the goals of teaching subjects in connection with the expansion of cooperation between Ukraine and other countries in providing educational services. The expediency of finding the most effective innovative teaching methods is also related to facilitating the process of adaptation of foreign students in the Ukrainian-speaking environment and the formation of skills for the correct use of language in the process of professional medical communication. Based on the analysis of recent research, it is concluded that the issue of practical implementation of the method of business game in working with foreign students, depending on their chosen profession, remains insufficiently studied....
Ukraine has maintained its position as leading producer of sunflower seeds in the world for the p... more Ukraine has maintained its position as leading producer of sunflower seeds in the world for the past decade. Concerning diet, higher oleic acids are ideal. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids have high genetic potential for seed yield above 5 t/ha and oil content in seed greater than 50%. Yet, environmental factors seems to limit current sunflower yields to the production range of 1.5-3.0 t/ha. A three years field experiment was conducted in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Latitude: 49.6; Longitude: 34.9; altitude 113 m) to assess the influence of seven different foliar applications of fertilizers and plant growth regulators (control; Sol Bor + Basfoliar 6-12-6; Basfoliar 6-12-6; Wuxal Bio Aminoplant + Wuxal Boron; Wuxal Boron; Spectrum Askorist + Spectrum B + Mo; Spectrum B + Mo) on productivity and quality of five new high oleic sunflower hybrids (SY Experto, Antratsyt, ES Ballistic, Oplot, PR64H32). Foliar applications positively influenced all parameters studied (pl...
The article considers the theoretical essence of the lean production concept. It has been proved ... more The article considers the theoretical essence of the lean production concept. It has been proved that its essence lies in identifying and reducing costs of processes, and sometimes eliminating business processes that do not create added value but consume large amount of resources. The main constituent elements, tools and principles of lean concept implementation have been outlined. The possibility of implementation of lean logistics in the activity of agricultural enterprises has been considered. It has been defined that combination of lean logistics and “green logistics” is a rational way to increase both economic and ecological efficiency. The VSM tool have been offered for implementation of the lean concept. VSM maps provide a visual representation of step-by-step scenario to achieve the strategic goals of the company, representing material and information flows required to deliver a product to the final consumer. It has been confirmed that the implementation of the lean concept ...
The purpose of the paper is to summarize theoretical studies in the field of contractual relation... more The purpose of the paper is to summarize theoretical studies in the field of contractual relations implementation in the modern strategies of TNCs economic competition on international product and resource markets, as well as to assess the impact of certain contractual relations types on the macroeconomic dynamics of countries integrated into the global value chains of TNCs. Methodology. Based on the World Bank Open Data and UNCTADSTAT, there was made the assessment of indirect socio-economic and innovative effects of contract production on the macroeconomic indicators of the individual countries development by means of the correlationregression method. Results. The influence of institutional, political, and economic restrictions that restrain the investment activity of international corporations on the international markets of finished and intermediate products is disclosed. A trend that complicates the forms and methods of external expansion in terms of more flexible latent forms,...
Among many global problems of mankind, a special place is occupied by the phenomenon of pandemics... more Among many global problems of mankind, a special place is occupied by the phenomenon of pandemics. A pandemic has been one of the constant companions of human existence since ancient times. This is evidenced by both the texts of religious and mythological orientation, and recorded events in historical life. Pandemic is always an emergency that threatens the very existence of humanity. Various circumstances are heard as the causes of pandemics: sacred (violation of divine laws), domestic (unsanitary conditions of existence), civilizational (technocratic human intervention in the environment), political, economic, etc. The purpose of this article is to study the effects of pandemics that have occurred in different historical periods and their impact on the development of society and the economy. Based on this goal, the objectives of the article are to study the world economy in a pandemic COVID-19; to analyse the trends and forecasts of its further development, including Ukrainian eco...
Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice, 2021
We focused our attention on the causes of the current trade war between the United States and Chi... more We focused our attention on the causes of the current trade war between the United States and China. The article analyzes the influence of electoral processes in the USA on the choice between free trade and protectionism. The relationship between China’s accession to the WTO, mutually beneficial cooperation with the United States, and trends in the trade balance between major trading partners have been determined. The article illustrates the main mutual claims between the United States and China, which led to the outbreak of «the largest trade war in economic history». We determined the main stages of the conduct of «military operations» and characterized the directions of the conflict escalation. The attention is focused on the losses in the trade war; the main beneficiaries from the «trade disagreements» were identified. We proposed an alternative opinion on the real consequences of the trade war for the warring parties. The article studies the impact of trade wars on world GDP an...
Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal, 2021
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the degree of disclosure of information about the... more Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the degree of disclosure of information about the risks of economic activity of enterprises in non-financial statements and to find ways to improve the organization and methods of analysis of such risks based on the financial statements of companies. Methodology / approach. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach, methods of generalization, comparison, abstraction, analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, bibliometric analysis, cluster analysis, as well as methods of integrated economic analysis. The publications from the Scopus database, for 1988–01.04.2021, processed by VOSviewer software were the source of data for bibliographic and cluster analysis. The materials of the research on the state of disclosure of information about the risks of domestic enterprises of the food industry are based on their financial statements and management report. Results. The article analyzes the state and degree of disclosur...
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articles by Tetiana Melnyk
національних підприємств у глобальні ланцюги створення вартості в контексті
обсягів імпорту у проміжному споживанні в окремих видах діяльності. На основі
зіставлення показників виробничої залежності від імпорту, міжнародної виробничої фрагментації та експортоорієнтованості галузей промисловості країни визначено, які галузі є найбільш перспективними щодо залучення у глобальні ланцюги створення вартості.
Виявлено ключові проблеми, що гальмують зростання його ефективності. Визначено перспективні напрями подальшого розвитку зовнішньоторговельного сектора та економіки України загалом.
зони вільної торгівлі. Запропоновано шляхи врівноваження товарної структури імпорту з ЄС.
отечественных производителей. Обоснованы рекомендации по совершенствованию регулирования импорта и улучшению макроэкономической политики.
The review of scientific sources in this area indicates that among the scientists the discussions on the potential opportunities of the release of Ukrainian producers on the EU market are conducted. The issues of the impact of the DCFTA on the economic development of Ukraine are studied in a small number among the existing works. However, the trends of exports of goods and services to the EU need further research, and the identification of the problems for domestic exporting enterprises when entering the European market.
The aim of the research is the assessment of the trends of the development of the export of goods and services to the EU and problems for Ukrainian producers when entering the European market.
Materials and methods. In the scientific article the following methods of research are used: axiomatic (during the justification of certain provisions as initial axioms), statistical (for setting the dynamics of the main indicators of the development of exports, its commodity and geographical structure), methods of comparative analysis and generalization of data (for identification of problems and development trends of exports to the EU). The works of domestic scientists, materials of United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the State Statistics Service of Ukraine became the information base for the research.
The results of the research. The comparative analysis of indicators of the economy openness of Ukraine and European countries is conducted. Indicators of development of exports of goods and services to the EU and its geographic and commodity structure are assessed. The export orientation of certain types of economic activity on the basis of the tables «expenses-output» is calculated. The extent of the unification of Ukrainian legislation in the sphere of technical regulation, standardization and metrology with European requirements. The main problems faced by Ukrainian commodity producers when entering the European market are determined.
Conclusion. The results of the research gave the opportunity to conclude that among the key problems in the sphere of foreign trade with EU countries, in particular in terms of its export component is dominated by raw material orientation of Ukrainian exports for the simultaneous import of goods with high level of processing and as a result, inefficient structure of foreign trade; insufficient integration of Ukraine in the system of international technological cooperation; the dependence of export production on imports of goods for intermediate consumption; low level of support of small and medium businesses in the sphere of foreign economic activity; insufficient level of export promotion of Ukraine on the European markets.
The results of the analysis. By empirically examining, having built a mathematical model in the form of linear regression, it was found a significant correlation between the net international investment position and internal and external factors of the national economy. Furthermore, internal factors play key role in the fluctuation of the FDI amount attracted to the Ukraine's economy in the studied period (2000-2014 years). This fact expands the range of instruments of state regulation and creation a competitive market environment for attracting foreign investments.
To study the nature of internal and external factors impact, and, hence, to identify areas of state influence on attracting foreign investment, there were examined determinants of independent variables in the regression model. Taking into account the statistical data and experts opinions, we can surmise that the main restraining factor for FDI attraction is not the war in the East and social tension in the whole country, however economic factors: the lack of development of private property institution and stock market; washout of capital and profits from domestic companies in favor of the related foreign companies; high interest rates on loans, etc.
All of this points to the fact that in the current circumstances first and foremost, it is advisable to strengthen protection of private property in Ukraine. According to the experience of leading countries, government should provide adequate compensation to foreign investors in case of nationalization of assets and continue to reform the government branches, especially the judiciary and law enforcement in terms of fighting corruption and power abusing. Secondly, in the area of fiscal management public administration should be focused on transparency and simplicity of the tax basis calculation, taking into consideration experience of countries with the most favorable in the world tax systems for doing business. Thirdly, it is necessary to develop national stock market in order to both: effectively reallocate national income among different sectors of the economy, and to attract additional financial resources from the world capital markets.
Conclusions and directions of further researches. All in all, it is clear, that current economic situation in the country requires that the suggested measures are to be implemented systematically, comprehensively and as soon as possible, in order not to let business to adapt to new conditions and develop new schemes to come over the laws.
and building of the integral Country Brand Index (CBI), distinguishing the main components affecting global competitiveness - macroeconomic, social, corporate and innovation components, as well as the analysis of the contribution of factors. This makes it possible to determine the position of countries in the world on the basis of comparison of the CBIs with the Global competitiveness Index, as well as quantitatively characterize the contributions of key factors forming the CBI in
order to formulate appropriate strategies depending on the position of the country in the world. According to the author, the application of the proposed method will strengthen the soundness of determining the factors influencing on the county brand, enrich the theoretical and methodological principles of analysis of the country brand in the context of global competitiveness, expand the information base and increase the effectiveness of state policy in the field of forming a national branding strategy.
національних підприємств у глобальні ланцюги створення вартості в контексті
обсягів імпорту у проміжному споживанні в окремих видах діяльності. На основі
зіставлення показників виробничої залежності від імпорту, міжнародної виробничої фрагментації та експортоорієнтованості галузей промисловості країни визначено, які галузі є найбільш перспективними щодо залучення у глобальні ланцюги створення вартості.
Виявлено ключові проблеми, що гальмують зростання його ефективності. Визначено перспективні напрями подальшого розвитку зовнішньоторговельного сектора та економіки України загалом.
зони вільної торгівлі. Запропоновано шляхи врівноваження товарної структури імпорту з ЄС.
отечественных производителей. Обоснованы рекомендации по совершенствованию регулирования импорта и улучшению макроэкономической политики.
The review of scientific sources in this area indicates that among the scientists the discussions on the potential opportunities of the release of Ukrainian producers on the EU market are conducted. The issues of the impact of the DCFTA on the economic development of Ukraine are studied in a small number among the existing works. However, the trends of exports of goods and services to the EU need further research, and the identification of the problems for domestic exporting enterprises when entering the European market.
The aim of the research is the assessment of the trends of the development of the export of goods and services to the EU and problems for Ukrainian producers when entering the European market.
Materials and methods. In the scientific article the following methods of research are used: axiomatic (during the justification of certain provisions as initial axioms), statistical (for setting the dynamics of the main indicators of the development of exports, its commodity and geographical structure), methods of comparative analysis and generalization of data (for identification of problems and development trends of exports to the EU). The works of domestic scientists, materials of United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the State Statistics Service of Ukraine became the information base for the research.
The results of the research. The comparative analysis of indicators of the economy openness of Ukraine and European countries is conducted. Indicators of development of exports of goods and services to the EU and its geographic and commodity structure are assessed. The export orientation of certain types of economic activity on the basis of the tables «expenses-output» is calculated. The extent of the unification of Ukrainian legislation in the sphere of technical regulation, standardization and metrology with European requirements. The main problems faced by Ukrainian commodity producers when entering the European market are determined.
Conclusion. The results of the research gave the opportunity to conclude that among the key problems in the sphere of foreign trade with EU countries, in particular in terms of its export component is dominated by raw material orientation of Ukrainian exports for the simultaneous import of goods with high level of processing and as a result, inefficient structure of foreign trade; insufficient integration of Ukraine in the system of international technological cooperation; the dependence of export production on imports of goods for intermediate consumption; low level of support of small and medium businesses in the sphere of foreign economic activity; insufficient level of export promotion of Ukraine on the European markets.
The results of the analysis. By empirically examining, having built a mathematical model in the form of linear regression, it was found a significant correlation between the net international investment position and internal and external factors of the national economy. Furthermore, internal factors play key role in the fluctuation of the FDI amount attracted to the Ukraine's economy in the studied period (2000-2014 years). This fact expands the range of instruments of state regulation and creation a competitive market environment for attracting foreign investments.
To study the nature of internal and external factors impact, and, hence, to identify areas of state influence on attracting foreign investment, there were examined determinants of independent variables in the regression model. Taking into account the statistical data and experts opinions, we can surmise that the main restraining factor for FDI attraction is not the war in the East and social tension in the whole country, however economic factors: the lack of development of private property institution and stock market; washout of capital and profits from domestic companies in favor of the related foreign companies; high interest rates on loans, etc.
All of this points to the fact that in the current circumstances first and foremost, it is advisable to strengthen protection of private property in Ukraine. According to the experience of leading countries, government should provide adequate compensation to foreign investors in case of nationalization of assets and continue to reform the government branches, especially the judiciary and law enforcement in terms of fighting corruption and power abusing. Secondly, in the area of fiscal management public administration should be focused on transparency and simplicity of the tax basis calculation, taking into consideration experience of countries with the most favorable in the world tax systems for doing business. Thirdly, it is necessary to develop national stock market in order to both: effectively reallocate national income among different sectors of the economy, and to attract additional financial resources from the world capital markets.
Conclusions and directions of further researches. All in all, it is clear, that current economic situation in the country requires that the suggested measures are to be implemented systematically, comprehensively and as soon as possible, in order not to let business to adapt to new conditions and develop new schemes to come over the laws.
and building of the integral Country Brand Index (CBI), distinguishing the main components affecting global competitiveness - macroeconomic, social, corporate and innovation components, as well as the analysis of the contribution of factors. This makes it possible to determine the position of countries in the world on the basis of comparison of the CBIs with the Global competitiveness Index, as well as quantitatively characterize the contributions of key factors forming the CBI in
order to formulate appropriate strategies depending on the position of the country in the world. According to the author, the application of the proposed method will strengthen the soundness of determining the factors influencing on the county brand, enrich the theoretical and methodological principles of analysis of the country brand in the context of global competitiveness, expand the information base and increase the effectiveness of state policy in the field of forming a national branding strategy.