In the recent past, the importance of freshwater algae has grown enormously due to their antibiot... more In the recent past, the importance of freshwater algae has grown enormously due to their antibiotic activity against certain species of bacteria known for several disease states like endocarditis, external otitis, skin rash, etc. Also, there is a growing concern among the immunocompromised individuals that they may be susceptible to antibiotics and anti-fungal resistant infections resulting in increased fatality rates. Hence, in this investigation, extraction of potentially bioactive compounds from natural resources like freshwater algae was performed along with the evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of these extracts against some opportunistic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus xylosus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using well diffusion method. The data showed a statistically significant (P < 0.05) antibacterial activity of the organic extracts (0.1 g/ml) obtained from freshwater algae against multi-drug resistant S. aureus and S. xylosus strains as compared to the control. Our data reinforce the importance of bioactive compounds from fresh algae as potential antimicrobial agents, and they could act as an alternative to conventional antibiotics.
The polyphenolic compounds known as phlorotannins naturally are formed biosynthetically by acetat... more The polyphenolic compounds known as phlorotannins naturally are formed biosynthetically by acetate–malonate pathway. Phlorotannins are tannin derivatives composed of several phloroglucinol units linked to each other in different ways and mostly isolated from brown algae. This chapter focuses on the biological activities of phlorotannins and fucoidans from marine algae. It discusses the potential cosmeceutical applications of fucoidans and phlorotannin, including reactive oxygen species scavenging, skin wrinkling prevention, and melanin synthesis inhibition. The chapter reviews potential pharmaceutical role of phlorotannins and fucoidans, including anti‐cancer activity, anti‐HIV activity, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, anti‐diabetic activity, and matrix metalloproteinase inhibition. Matrix metalloproteinases play a major role in normal and pathological tissue remodeling. They are a class of structurally similar enzymes that contribute to extracellular matrix degradation. Improper expressions of matrix metalloproteinases lead to severe pathological conditions that may instigate the risk of cardiac, cartilage, and cancer‐related diseases.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020
Covid-19, an infectious disease caused by coronavirus spreads by salivary droplets or nasal disch... more Covid-19, an infectious disease caused by coronavirus spreads by salivary droplets or nasal discharge from an infected person during sneezing or coughing. This infectious disease is caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS CoV-2 shares the same structure with that of the virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Most of the people who are infected with Covid-19 will experience respiratory illness and can be treated with antiviral drugs and or a combination of antiviral drugs and supportive therapies. Many medical investigational approaches are being investigated to design possible treatment strategies and possible avenues for Covid-19 therapy. Potential strategies for the treatment of Covid-19 include antiviral medication, the combination of interferons and antiviral drugs, interleukin inhibitors. Recent studies show that the use of plasma from survivors can help patients in recovering from the disease. This approach of using plasma is termed as convalescent plasma therapy. Another newer technology that includes the construction of a recombinant vaccine is gaining importance for further investigation. The other major approaches include the therapeutic use of serine protease inhibitors, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ammonium chloride in definite doses. New study approaches include investigation on the production of monoclonal antibodies has gained a way for further clinical research. An effective supportive therapy includes extracorporeal membrane oxygenation could be considered as rescued therapy for the patients having respiratory distress. After sufficient clinical data is obtained and by taking all these approaches into consideration, the treatment protocol can be designed to treat Covid-19 successfully.
International Journal of Microbiology Research , 2020
Multidrug resistance in certain bacteria that has clinical significance has seen a tremendous inc... more Multidrug resistance in certain bacteria that has clinical significance has seen a tremendous increase in recent times due to abuse or improper use of antibiotics in recent times. Certain species of Staphylococcus that cause skin and soft tissue infections are of a great challenge to researchers to design antibiotics for their management such as Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis [MRSE]. Such antibiotic resistance in opportunistic bacteria has inspired our research group to extract potential bioactive compounds from natural resources to manage such bacterial infections. In this study the antibacterial activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of from the petals of Rosa damascena against opportunistic bacteria MRSA and MRSE was evaluated. Our findings revealed that aqueous extract of R. damascena petals has shown a greater antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis at 0.1 g/mL when compared to ethanol extracts. Thus, assuring that bioactive compounds from R. damascena petals have a potential to serve as alternatives to chemical antibiotics against MRSA and MRSE.
The food, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries have been actively involved in the exploita... more The food, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries have been actively involved in the exploitation of chitooligosac-charides (COS) in various formulations, as they possess unmatched biological activities. In this review we report the marine resources of chitosan and the methods in the production of COS with various methods including chemical and enzymatic methods. In addition, we have made an attempt to report the latest research on the biological activities of COS such as antioxidation, antiinflammation, antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-HIV effects. The reports suggest that COS have more efficacy in controlling pathological responses in humans. The biological effects of the COS could prove as beneficial inputs for the biotechnological industries to use them as leads in various formulations.
Marine algae Matrix metalloproteinases Phlorotannins Sulfated polysaccharides Metastasis Cancer I... more Marine algae Matrix metalloproteinases Phlorotannins Sulfated polysaccharides Metastasis Cancer Inflammation a b s t r a c t Matrix metalloproteinases are endopeptidases which belong to the group of metallo-proteinases that contribute for the extra-cellular matrix degradation, and several tissue remodeling processes. An imbalance in the regulation of these endopeptidases eventually leads to several severe pathological complications like cancers, cardiac, cartilage, and neu-rological related diseases. Hence inhibitory substances of metalloproteinases (MMPIs) could prove beneficial in the management of above specified pathological conditions. The available synthetic MMPIs that have been reported until now have few shortcomings and thus many of them could not make to the final clinical trials. Hence a growing interest among researchers on screening of MMPIs from different natural resources is evident and especially natural products from marine origin. As there has been an unparalleled contribution of several biologically active compounds from marine resources that have shown profound applications in nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and pharmaceuticals, we have attempted to discuss the various MMPIs from edible seaweeds .
Metalloproteinases especially matrix metalloproteinases are a group of endopeptidases that contri... more Metalloproteinases especially matrix metalloproteinases are a group of endopeptidases that contribute for the extracellular matrix degradation, and several tissue remodeling processes. Improper regulation of these endopeptidases could lead to several severe pathological problems that include cardiac, cartilage, and cancer-related diseases. Until now, many synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory substances (MMPIs) have been reported; however, many of them could not make to the final clinical trials. Hence, the emphasis on screening of MMPIs from different natural resources has gained much importance and marine resources are one among them. As marine organisms have been contributing with several biologically active compounds that have profound applications in nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and pharmaceuticals; in this chapter, an attempt has been made to discuss the various MMPIs from edible seaweeds, which could be considered as medicinal foods.
Cancer is one of the most challenging medical conditions that need a proper therapeutic approach ... more Cancer is one of the most challenging medical conditions that need a proper therapeutic approach for its proper management with fewer side effects. Until now, many of the phytochemicals from terrestrial origin have been assessed for their anticancer ability and few of them are in clinical trials too. However, marine environment also has been a greatest resource that harbors taxonomically diverse and a variety of life forms and serves as store house for several biologically beneficial metabolites. Hitherto, many metabolites have been isolated from marine biomasses that have exhibited excellent biological activities, especially as anticancer agents. In particular, marine macroalgae which are considered as dietary constituents in Pacific Asian region have become chief resources for their unparalleled and unique metabolites like sulfated polysaccharides (SPs), phlorotannins, and their ability in reducing the risk of cancer and its related diseases. In this chapter, we have discussed the anticancer activities of marine algae-derived SPs, phlorotannins, and carotenoids and the possibilities of marine algae as potential medicinal foods in the management of cancer.
... Noel Vinay Thomas1 and Se-Kwon Kim1,2 1Marine Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistr... more ... Noel Vinay Thomas1 and Se-Kwon Kim1,2 1Marine Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea ... 1,4-dioxin skeletons, which are exclusively con-fined to some brown algal genera such as Ecklonia and Eise-nia. ...
In the recent past, the importance of freshwater algae has grown enormously due to their antibiot... more In the recent past, the importance of freshwater algae has grown enormously due to their antibiotic activity against certain species of bacteria known for several disease states like endocarditis, external otitis, skin rash, etc. Also, there is a growing concern among the immunocompromised individuals that they may be susceptible to antibiotics and anti-fungal resistant infections resulting in increased fatality rates. Hence, in this investigation, extraction of potentially bioactive compounds from natural resources like freshwater algae was performed along with the evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of these extracts against some opportunistic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus xylosus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using well diffusion method. The data showed a statistically significant (P < 0.05) antibacterial activity of the organic extracts (0.1 g/ml) obtained from freshwater algae against multi-drug resistant S. aureus and S. xylosus strains as compared to the control. Our data reinforce the importance of bioactive compounds from fresh algae as potential antimicrobial agents, and they could act as an alternative to conventional antibiotics.
The polyphenolic compounds known as phlorotannins naturally are formed biosynthetically by acetat... more The polyphenolic compounds known as phlorotannins naturally are formed biosynthetically by acetate–malonate pathway. Phlorotannins are tannin derivatives composed of several phloroglucinol units linked to each other in different ways and mostly isolated from brown algae. This chapter focuses on the biological activities of phlorotannins and fucoidans from marine algae. It discusses the potential cosmeceutical applications of fucoidans and phlorotannin, including reactive oxygen species scavenging, skin wrinkling prevention, and melanin synthesis inhibition. The chapter reviews potential pharmaceutical role of phlorotannins and fucoidans, including anti‐cancer activity, anti‐HIV activity, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, anti‐diabetic activity, and matrix metalloproteinase inhibition. Matrix metalloproteinases play a major role in normal and pathological tissue remodeling. They are a class of structurally similar enzymes that contribute to extracellular matrix degradation. Improper expressions of matrix metalloproteinases lead to severe pathological conditions that may instigate the risk of cardiac, cartilage, and cancer‐related diseases.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020
Covid-19, an infectious disease caused by coronavirus spreads by salivary droplets or nasal disch... more Covid-19, an infectious disease caused by coronavirus spreads by salivary droplets or nasal discharge from an infected person during sneezing or coughing. This infectious disease is caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS CoV-2 shares the same structure with that of the virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Most of the people who are infected with Covid-19 will experience respiratory illness and can be treated with antiviral drugs and or a combination of antiviral drugs and supportive therapies. Many medical investigational approaches are being investigated to design possible treatment strategies and possible avenues for Covid-19 therapy. Potential strategies for the treatment of Covid-19 include antiviral medication, the combination of interferons and antiviral drugs, interleukin inhibitors. Recent studies show that the use of plasma from survivors can help patients in recovering from the disease. This approach of using plasma is termed as convalescent plasma therapy. Another newer technology that includes the construction of a recombinant vaccine is gaining importance for further investigation. The other major approaches include the therapeutic use of serine protease inhibitors, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ammonium chloride in definite doses. New study approaches include investigation on the production of monoclonal antibodies has gained a way for further clinical research. An effective supportive therapy includes extracorporeal membrane oxygenation could be considered as rescued therapy for the patients having respiratory distress. After sufficient clinical data is obtained and by taking all these approaches into consideration, the treatment protocol can be designed to treat Covid-19 successfully.
International Journal of Microbiology Research , 2020
Multidrug resistance in certain bacteria that has clinical significance has seen a tremendous inc... more Multidrug resistance in certain bacteria that has clinical significance has seen a tremendous increase in recent times due to abuse or improper use of antibiotics in recent times. Certain species of Staphylococcus that cause skin and soft tissue infections are of a great challenge to researchers to design antibiotics for their management such as Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis [MRSE]. Such antibiotic resistance in opportunistic bacteria has inspired our research group to extract potential bioactive compounds from natural resources to manage such bacterial infections. In this study the antibacterial activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of from the petals of Rosa damascena against opportunistic bacteria MRSA and MRSE was evaluated. Our findings revealed that aqueous extract of R. damascena petals has shown a greater antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis at 0.1 g/mL when compared to ethanol extracts. Thus, assuring that bioactive compounds from R. damascena petals have a potential to serve as alternatives to chemical antibiotics against MRSA and MRSE.
The food, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries have been actively involved in the exploita... more The food, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries have been actively involved in the exploitation of chitooligosac-charides (COS) in various formulations, as they possess unmatched biological activities. In this review we report the marine resources of chitosan and the methods in the production of COS with various methods including chemical and enzymatic methods. In addition, we have made an attempt to report the latest research on the biological activities of COS such as antioxidation, antiinflammation, antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-HIV effects. The reports suggest that COS have more efficacy in controlling pathological responses in humans. The biological effects of the COS could prove as beneficial inputs for the biotechnological industries to use them as leads in various formulations.
Marine algae Matrix metalloproteinases Phlorotannins Sulfated polysaccharides Metastasis Cancer I... more Marine algae Matrix metalloproteinases Phlorotannins Sulfated polysaccharides Metastasis Cancer Inflammation a b s t r a c t Matrix metalloproteinases are endopeptidases which belong to the group of metallo-proteinases that contribute for the extra-cellular matrix degradation, and several tissue remodeling processes. An imbalance in the regulation of these endopeptidases eventually leads to several severe pathological complications like cancers, cardiac, cartilage, and neu-rological related diseases. Hence inhibitory substances of metalloproteinases (MMPIs) could prove beneficial in the management of above specified pathological conditions. The available synthetic MMPIs that have been reported until now have few shortcomings and thus many of them could not make to the final clinical trials. Hence a growing interest among researchers on screening of MMPIs from different natural resources is evident and especially natural products from marine origin. As there has been an unparalleled contribution of several biologically active compounds from marine resources that have shown profound applications in nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and pharmaceuticals, we have attempted to discuss the various MMPIs from edible seaweeds .
Metalloproteinases especially matrix metalloproteinases are a group of endopeptidases that contri... more Metalloproteinases especially matrix metalloproteinases are a group of endopeptidases that contribute for the extracellular matrix degradation, and several tissue remodeling processes. Improper regulation of these endopeptidases could lead to several severe pathological problems that include cardiac, cartilage, and cancer-related diseases. Until now, many synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory substances (MMPIs) have been reported; however, many of them could not make to the final clinical trials. Hence, the emphasis on screening of MMPIs from different natural resources has gained much importance and marine resources are one among them. As marine organisms have been contributing with several biologically active compounds that have profound applications in nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and pharmaceuticals; in this chapter, an attempt has been made to discuss the various MMPIs from edible seaweeds, which could be considered as medicinal foods.
Cancer is one of the most challenging medical conditions that need a proper therapeutic approach ... more Cancer is one of the most challenging medical conditions that need a proper therapeutic approach for its proper management with fewer side effects. Until now, many of the phytochemicals from terrestrial origin have been assessed for their anticancer ability and few of them are in clinical trials too. However, marine environment also has been a greatest resource that harbors taxonomically diverse and a variety of life forms and serves as store house for several biologically beneficial metabolites. Hitherto, many metabolites have been isolated from marine biomasses that have exhibited excellent biological activities, especially as anticancer agents. In particular, marine macroalgae which are considered as dietary constituents in Pacific Asian region have become chief resources for their unparalleled and unique metabolites like sulfated polysaccharides (SPs), phlorotannins, and their ability in reducing the risk of cancer and its related diseases. In this chapter, we have discussed the anticancer activities of marine algae-derived SPs, phlorotannins, and carotenoids and the possibilities of marine algae as potential medicinal foods in the management of cancer.
... Noel Vinay Thomas1 and Se-Kwon Kim1,2 1Marine Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistr... more ... Noel Vinay Thomas1 and Se-Kwon Kim1,2 1Marine Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea ... 1,4-dioxin skeletons, which are exclusively con-fined to some brown algal genera such as Ecklonia and Eise-nia. ...
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