Bamboos are woody perennial tall grasses belonging to the grass family Poaceae in the subfamily B... more Bamboos are woody perennial tall grasses belonging to the grass family Poaceae in the subfamily Bambusoideae. With the likely presence of numerous phytochemical constituents, bamboo is also one of the promising plants for the production of highvalue therapeutics. Macwan et al. (2010) found that methanolic bamboo extract shows free radical scavenging, metal chelating and nitric oxide scavenging capacity. Current studies on bamboo leaves showed the presence of phenolic acids in the form of flavonoids that have antioxidant capabilities (Sujarwo 2010). In addi t ion, bamboo extracts have demonstrated antimicrobial activities (Güllüce 2003, Nazreen et al. 2012) also reported that bamboo leaves have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating fever and detoxification for over 1000 years.
Rhododendron lepidotum (family Ericaceae) is a highly variable, low and compact to upright, lean ... more Rhododendron lepidotum (family Ericaceae) is a highly variable, low and compact to upright, lean shrub, up to 2 m tall. The flowers are of open type, having a white, yellow, pink, or purple color. The leaves are elliptic with a dark green upper surface and a lower surface with large brownish scales. The distribution of R. lepidotum is from Kashmir to southeastern Tibet at an altitude ranging from 2400 to 4900 m. The genus Rhododendron has a long history of use as folk medicine in various countries. Rhododendron adamsii Rehder is used as a stimulant and tonic [1, 2]. Dried leaves of R. dauricum are used as an expectorant and in the treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis [3, 4]. The leaves and twigs of R. dauricum display significant anti-HIV activity [5]. The leaf and flower powder of R. lepidotum have been used as a snuff in the treatment of headache [6], etc. Coumarin glycosides such as rhodonin and rhodonetin [7], 7-O--D-glucopyranosyl-8-methoxybenzopyranone and 7-hydroxy-8-O--glycosylbenzopyranone [8], coumarins named daphnin, daphnetin, daphnetin glucoside, rhodonetin, rhodonin, and umbelliferone [9], 2,4,6-trihydroxacetophenone3,5-di-C--D-glucoside, lupeol, ursolic acid, avicularin, quercetin, myricetin, hyperoside, myricetin-3-O--Dxyloside, (+)-taxifolin-3-O--L-arabinopyranoside, (+)-taxifolin-3-O--D-glucopyranoside, lyoniside, confluentin, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyltriacontanoate, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-1-O--D-glucopyranoside, (–)-2-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl-O--D glucopyranoside, (–)-isolariciresinol, and isofraxoside [10] have been isolated from R. lepidotum. The leaves and twigs of Rhododendron lepidotum were collected from Godha Tabala Village of Langtang National Park (3800 m) of Nepal during November 2008. Four new compounds have been characterized from its biologically active crude methanol extract. Previously, the activity of the crude extract was determined by antimicrobial, IC50, brine shrimp, and antiproliferative (HeLa cell) tests [11]. The water-insoluble portion of the methanol extract was subjected to column chromatography to afford four triterpenoids (1–4). Compound 1 was obtained as a white solid on crystallization from acetone. The IR spectrum showed an ester carbonyl, and three methyl protons appeared in the 1H NMR spectrum, which was further supported by a peak at m/z 408 (M – CH3CO2H) in addition to the [M]+ 468 corresponding to the molecular formula C32H52O2 for 1. The 1H NMR spectrum showed the presence of a terminal alkene besides a vinylic methyl. The 13C NMR and DEPT confirmed CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF Rhododendron lepidotum FROM NEPAL HIMALAYAS
Bamboos are woody perennial tall grasses belonging to the grass family Poaceae in the subfamily B... more Bamboos are woody perennial tall grasses belonging to the grass family Poaceae in the subfamily Bambusoideae. With the likely presence of numerous phytochemical constituents, bamboo is also one of the promising plants for the production of highvalue therapeutics. Macwan et al. (2010) found that methanolic bamboo extract shows free radical scavenging, metal chelating and nitric oxide scavenging capacity. Current studies on bamboo leaves showed the presence of phenolic acids in the form of flavonoids that have antioxidant capabilities (Sujarwo 2010). In addi t ion, bamboo extracts have demonstrated antimicrobial activities (Güllüce 2003, Nazreen et al. 2012) also reported that bamboo leaves have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating fever and detoxification for over 1000 years.
Rhododendron lepidotum (family Ericaceae) is a highly variable, low and compact to upright, lean ... more Rhododendron lepidotum (family Ericaceae) is a highly variable, low and compact to upright, lean shrub, up to 2 m tall. The flowers are of open type, having a white, yellow, pink, or purple color. The leaves are elliptic with a dark green upper surface and a lower surface with large brownish scales. The distribution of R. lepidotum is from Kashmir to southeastern Tibet at an altitude ranging from 2400 to 4900 m. The genus Rhododendron has a long history of use as folk medicine in various countries. Rhododendron adamsii Rehder is used as a stimulant and tonic [1, 2]. Dried leaves of R. dauricum are used as an expectorant and in the treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis [3, 4]. The leaves and twigs of R. dauricum display significant anti-HIV activity [5]. The leaf and flower powder of R. lepidotum have been used as a snuff in the treatment of headache [6], etc. Coumarin glycosides such as rhodonin and rhodonetin [7], 7-O--D-glucopyranosyl-8-methoxybenzopyranone and 7-hydroxy-8-O--glycosylbenzopyranone [8], coumarins named daphnin, daphnetin, daphnetin glucoside, rhodonetin, rhodonin, and umbelliferone [9], 2,4,6-trihydroxacetophenone3,5-di-C--D-glucoside, lupeol, ursolic acid, avicularin, quercetin, myricetin, hyperoside, myricetin-3-O--Dxyloside, (+)-taxifolin-3-O--L-arabinopyranoside, (+)-taxifolin-3-O--D-glucopyranoside, lyoniside, confluentin, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyltriacontanoate, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-1-O--D-glucopyranoside, (–)-2-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl-O--D glucopyranoside, (–)-isolariciresinol, and isofraxoside [10] have been isolated from R. lepidotum. The leaves and twigs of Rhododendron lepidotum were collected from Godha Tabala Village of Langtang National Park (3800 m) of Nepal during November 2008. Four new compounds have been characterized from its biologically active crude methanol extract. Previously, the activity of the crude extract was determined by antimicrobial, IC50, brine shrimp, and antiproliferative (HeLa cell) tests [11]. The water-insoluble portion of the methanol extract was subjected to column chromatography to afford four triterpenoids (1–4). Compound 1 was obtained as a white solid on crystallization from acetone. The IR spectrum showed an ester carbonyl, and three methyl protons appeared in the 1H NMR spectrum, which was further supported by a peak at m/z 408 (M – CH3CO2H) in addition to the [M]+ 468 corresponding to the molecular formula C32H52O2 for 1. The 1H NMR spectrum showed the presence of a terminal alkene besides a vinylic methyl. The 13C NMR and DEPT confirmed CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF Rhododendron lepidotum FROM NEPAL HIMALAYAS
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