Small- and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in Nepal SMEs are the backbone of Nepalese economy and... more Small- and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in Nepal SMEs are the backbone of Nepalese economy and account for more than 90% of total industrial establishments. Two consecutive earthquakes in 2015 within a span of month caused direct and indirect damages to the tune of 19 million USD to the productive sector. The chapter is based on the fieldwork conducted in January 2016 in the Balaju industrial area of Kathmandu, which was one of the most severely damaged areas in the Kathmandu Valley with an aim to understand the process of recovery covering predisaster conditions, the impact and recovery process and if it is leading to development of resilience for future disasters using Norris Resilience Framework. The findings suggest that a majority of the SMEs follows recovery trajectory while only one follows a resistance trajectory. Further, it is seen that insurance is not a very effective risk transfer mechanism in the postdisaster phase and without any external support structural recovery leads to recreation of vulnerabilities.
This chapter is a case study focusing on disaster governance and its implications on the informal... more This chapter is a case study focusing on disaster governance and its implications on the informal sector’s recovery process in the aftermath of the 2015 Nepal earthquake. The recovery framework of the government is analyzed with respect to the observed ground-level implementation and experiences shared by business owners to see its effectiveness in addressing the informal sectors recovery needs. The findings highlight the need to shift from monocentric to polycentric approach, have more access to the recovery process, and need for better rules and regulations and coordination, among others.
International Journal of Disaster Resilience in The Built Environment, Apr 8, 2021
Purpose The concept of multi-purpose cyclone shelters has been found effective in saving various ... more Purpose The concept of multi-purpose cyclone shelters has been found effective in saving various lives during past cyclones. The recent cyclone Amphan, which hit the Indian states of Odisha and West Bengal in the middle of pandemic COVID-19 has posed severe issues related to cyclone shelter management in the rural areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the case of Odisha in a pandemic and draw some key lessons of cyclone shelter management, which can be useful for future cascading risks in other parts of the country and the region. Design/methodology/approach Cyclone shelters are critical infrastructures in the management of cyclones, associated hazards and saving crucial lives. The effective management of shelters during emergencies is dependent on the existing institutional mechanism, local stakeholders and their understanding of the key functions of the emergency shelters. This paper reviews the key challenges through literature, reports and direct interviews of field professionals and practitioners. Findings In normal times, cyclone shelters are used as schools and their management lies with the local communities and/or elected bodies. Some of the key emerging issues include: the convincing population at risk for evacuation with proper care, existing emergency shelters being repurposed as COVID-19 facilities, need for hygiene and safety material, special arrangement and segregation of population at higher risk of COVID-19 and large destruction of social infrastructures. Originality/value During cascading disasters, adaptive governance becomes important. With the study of cyclones during the pandemic period, the paper draws key decision-making and governance points of cyclone shelter management. This case analysis can be useful to other similar situations during the prolonged pandemic time.
ABSTRACT Asia has a large diversity on disaster risks, and role of different stakeholders are dif... more ABSTRACT Asia has a large diversity on disaster risks, and role of different stakeholders are different based on the country context. The regional organization (ASEAN, SAARC, APEC) in Asia plays an important role in disaster response and risk reduction by bringing cooperation between private sector and national governments. This chapter provides an overview of regional organizations and private sector involvement, its potentials and challenge in disaster management in the context of developing Asian nations. The case studies of Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004 and Cyclone Nargis 2008 are considered to understand and analyze the role of regional organizations and private sector in various phases of disaster management. The findings from the case studies and various regional legislations lead to specific recommendations, which are; (1) Increase collaboration and cooperation among international, regional, and national level organizations for humanitarian business response. (2) Specific guidelines for private sector involvement. (3) Support information and knowledge sharing. (4) Increase accountability and transparency. (5) Awareness generation.
Abstract India in the recent years has faced an array of severe disasters which have left their f... more Abstract India in the recent years has faced an array of severe disasters which have left their footprints on lives, livelihood and the wellbeing of the ecosystem services. In the aftermath of a disaster, millions of people are on the move to urban areas to improve their lives and livelihood or better their direct living environment. While disaster recovery planning considers building back better in principle in the disaster affected area, it fails to acknowledge increasing stress on the ecosystem services at a distant location not directly impacted by a disaster. This chapter studies the disaster-induced rural to urban mobility and its impact on the urban ecology in the last few decades in India. Based on the findings, the chapter lists out various stressors that impact urban ecosystem service in the long term.
Abstract India in the recent years has faced an array of severe disasters which have left their f... more Abstract India in the recent years has faced an array of severe disasters which have left their footprints on lives, livelihood and the wellbeing of the ecosystem services. In the aftermath of a disaster, millions of people are on the move to urban areas to improve their lives and livelihood or better their direct living environment. While disaster recovery planning considers building back better in principle in the disaster affected area, it fails to acknowledge increasing stress on the ecosystem services at a distant location not directly impacted by a disaster. This chapter studies the disaster-induced rural to urban mobility and its impact on the urban ecology in the last few decades in India. Based on the findings, the chapter lists out various stressors that impact urban ecosystem service in the long term.
Small- and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in Nepal SMEs are the backbone of Nepalese economy and... more Small- and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in Nepal SMEs are the backbone of Nepalese economy and account for more than 90% of total industrial establishments. Two consecutive earthquakes in 2015 within a span of month caused direct and indirect damages to the tune of 19 million USD to the productive sector. The chapter is based on the fieldwork conducted in January 2016 in the Balaju industrial area of Kathmandu, which was one of the most severely damaged areas in the Kathmandu Valley with an aim to understand the process of recovery covering predisaster conditions, the impact and recovery process and if it is leading to development of resilience for future disasters using Norris Resilience Framework. The findings suggest that a majority of the SMEs follows recovery trajectory while only one follows a resistance trajectory. Further, it is seen that insurance is not a very effective risk transfer mechanism in the postdisaster phase and without any external support structural recovery leads to recreation of vulnerabilities.
This chapter is a case study focusing on disaster governance and its implications on the informal... more This chapter is a case study focusing on disaster governance and its implications on the informal sector’s recovery process in the aftermath of the 2015 Nepal earthquake. The recovery framework of the government is analyzed with respect to the observed ground-level implementation and experiences shared by business owners to see its effectiveness in addressing the informal sectors recovery needs. The findings highlight the need to shift from monocentric to polycentric approach, have more access to the recovery process, and need for better rules and regulations and coordination, among others.
International Journal of Disaster Resilience in The Built Environment, Apr 8, 2021
Purpose The concept of multi-purpose cyclone shelters has been found effective in saving various ... more Purpose The concept of multi-purpose cyclone shelters has been found effective in saving various lives during past cyclones. The recent cyclone Amphan, which hit the Indian states of Odisha and West Bengal in the middle of pandemic COVID-19 has posed severe issues related to cyclone shelter management in the rural areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the case of Odisha in a pandemic and draw some key lessons of cyclone shelter management, which can be useful for future cascading risks in other parts of the country and the region. Design/methodology/approach Cyclone shelters are critical infrastructures in the management of cyclones, associated hazards and saving crucial lives. The effective management of shelters during emergencies is dependent on the existing institutional mechanism, local stakeholders and their understanding of the key functions of the emergency shelters. This paper reviews the key challenges through literature, reports and direct interviews of field professionals and practitioners. Findings In normal times, cyclone shelters are used as schools and their management lies with the local communities and/or elected bodies. Some of the key emerging issues include: the convincing population at risk for evacuation with proper care, existing emergency shelters being repurposed as COVID-19 facilities, need for hygiene and safety material, special arrangement and segregation of population at higher risk of COVID-19 and large destruction of social infrastructures. Originality/value During cascading disasters, adaptive governance becomes important. With the study of cyclones during the pandemic period, the paper draws key decision-making and governance points of cyclone shelter management. This case analysis can be useful to other similar situations during the prolonged pandemic time.
ABSTRACT Asia has a large diversity on disaster risks, and role of different stakeholders are dif... more ABSTRACT Asia has a large diversity on disaster risks, and role of different stakeholders are different based on the country context. The regional organization (ASEAN, SAARC, APEC) in Asia plays an important role in disaster response and risk reduction by bringing cooperation between private sector and national governments. This chapter provides an overview of regional organizations and private sector involvement, its potentials and challenge in disaster management in the context of developing Asian nations. The case studies of Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004 and Cyclone Nargis 2008 are considered to understand and analyze the role of regional organizations and private sector in various phases of disaster management. The findings from the case studies and various regional legislations lead to specific recommendations, which are; (1) Increase collaboration and cooperation among international, regional, and national level organizations for humanitarian business response. (2) Specific guidelines for private sector involvement. (3) Support information and knowledge sharing. (4) Increase accountability and transparency. (5) Awareness generation.
Abstract India in the recent years has faced an array of severe disasters which have left their f... more Abstract India in the recent years has faced an array of severe disasters which have left their footprints on lives, livelihood and the wellbeing of the ecosystem services. In the aftermath of a disaster, millions of people are on the move to urban areas to improve their lives and livelihood or better their direct living environment. While disaster recovery planning considers building back better in principle in the disaster affected area, it fails to acknowledge increasing stress on the ecosystem services at a distant location not directly impacted by a disaster. This chapter studies the disaster-induced rural to urban mobility and its impact on the urban ecology in the last few decades in India. Based on the findings, the chapter lists out various stressors that impact urban ecosystem service in the long term.
Abstract India in the recent years has faced an array of severe disasters which have left their f... more Abstract India in the recent years has faced an array of severe disasters which have left their footprints on lives, livelihood and the wellbeing of the ecosystem services. In the aftermath of a disaster, millions of people are on the move to urban areas to improve their lives and livelihood or better their direct living environment. While disaster recovery planning considers building back better in principle in the disaster affected area, it fails to acknowledge increasing stress on the ecosystem services at a distant location not directly impacted by a disaster. This chapter studies the disaster-induced rural to urban mobility and its impact on the urban ecology in the last few decades in India. Based on the findings, the chapter lists out various stressors that impact urban ecosystem service in the long term.
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Papers by Ranit Chatterjee