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[[Fasciculus:
'''Organismus'''{{FD ref}} (
[[Fasciculus:Amoeba (Amöbe) 01.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|[[Amoeba]]e sunt [[eukaryota]] cellularum singularium.]]
Omnes organismi possunt tota re stabili [[stimulus (physiologia)|stimulis]] [[Responsum ad stimulos|respondere]],
▲'''Organismus''' (ex [[lingua Graeca|Graeco]] ''ὀργανισμός'') in [[biologia]] appellatur quodlibet [[vita|vivum]] (sicut [[Animal]], [[Planta]], [[Fungus]], [[Bacterium]], [[microbium|microbiumque]] varii), vel latissime congeries [[molecula]]rum quae tota re stabili <!--as a more or less stable whole -->operatur et proprietates vitae habet. Alia verbi definitio est: quaelibet structura viva, sicut [[Planta]], [[Animal]], [[Fungus]], [[Bacterium]]ve quae potest crescere et se reproducere" (Chambers 1999). Nihilominus, multi fontes proponunt definitiones quae [[Virus biologicum|vira]] et opinabiles [[Biochemia alternativa|formas vitae non organicas]] (arte-factas vel arte-facturas) excludunt; pro reproductione, vira ex biochemica cellulae hospitis statu pendent.
Organismi divisi sunt in duos greges: [[
▲Omnes organismi possunt tota re stabili [[stimulus (physiologia)|stimulis]] [[Responsum ad stimulos|respondere]], [[reproductio|se reproducere]], [[auctus (biologia)|augeri]], et [[homoeostasis|homoeostasim]] sustentare. Organismi sunt [[unicellularis|unicellulares]] aut, velut in ''[[Homo sapiens|Hominibus sapientibus]]'', multis ex millionibus [[Cellula|cellularum]] in propriis [[Textum (biologia)|textis]] et [[organum (biologia)|organis]] constantes. Vox ''[[multicellularis]]'' 'multas cellulas habentem' quemlibet organismum in plus quam cellulam unam constantem describit.
In [[vita]]
▲Organismi divisi sunt in duos greges: [[Prokaryota|procaryoticum]] et [[Eukaryota|eucaryoticum]]. Digeruntur Procaryota in duo dominia distincta: [[Bacteria]] et [[Archaea]] (Cavalier-Smith 1987).
In aliquibus plantis et [[Nematoda|Nematodo]] ''[[Caenorhabditis elegans|
▲In [[vita]] [[multicellulare|multicellulari]], verbum ''organismi'' usitate describit omnem congeriem hierarchicalem systematum (exempli gratia, [[systema circulatorium|systematis circulatorii]], [[systema digestivum|systematis digestivi]], et [[systema reproductionis|systematis reproductivi]]) quae ipsa sunt congeries [[organum (biologia)|organorum]]; haec systemata vicissim sunt congeries textorum, ex [[cellula (biologia)|cellulis]] factorum.
▲In aliquibus plantis et [[Nematoda]] ''[[Caenorhabditis elegans|Caenorhabditis eleganti]],'' cellulae singulares sunt [[totipotens|totipotentes]]. <!--
==Superorganismus== -->▼
==Artis vocabula==
[[Fasciculus:
[[Fasciculus:Blue crab on market in Piraeus - Callinectes sapidus Rathbun 20020819-317.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Cancer|Cancri]] sunt organismi; haec [[species]] est ''[[Callinectes sapidus]].'']]
Omnes organismi ab scientia [[taxinomia]]e in [[taxon|taxa]] digeruntur. Taxa sunt numerati organismorum greges, qui a re generali ([[dominium (biologia)|dominio]]) ad rem specificam ([[species (taxinomia)|speciem]]) patent. Usitata graduum ratio est:
* [[Dominium (taxinomia)|Dominium]]
* [[Regnum (taxinomia)|Regnum]]
Line 23 ⟶ 22:
* [[Familia (taxinomia)|Familia]]
* [[Genus (taxinomia)|Genus]]
* [[
Exempli gratia, ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' est [[binomen]], quod [[
==Vira==
Vira, ad
==Evolutio==
In [[biologia]], [[doctrina]] [[
{{NexInt}}
{{div col|4}}
*[[Abiogenesis]]
*[[Astrobiologia]]
*[[Cladogramma]]
*[[Creationismus]]
*[[DNA]]
*[[Evolutio hominis]]
*[[Exstinctio]]
*[[Fossilia]]
*[[Genoma]]
*[[Hereditas]]
*[[Kinasis]]
*[[Metabolismus]]
*[[Molecula]]
*[[Mors]]
*[[Oecosystema]]
*[[Phylogenia]]
*[[Proteinum]]
*[[Reproductio]]
*[[Symbiosis]]
*[[Taxinomia cladistica]]
*[[Vitaminum]]
*[[Vermis marinus]]
*[[Virus biologicum]]
*[[Voltinismus]]
{{div col end}}
==Notae==
<references/>
==Bibliographia==
Line 43 ⟶ 69:
*Doolittle, W. Ford. [[2000]]. "Uprooting the tree of life." ''Scientific American'' 282(6):90–95.
*Flechtner, Hans-Joachim. [[1970]]. ''Grundbegriffe der Kybernetik—Eine Einführung.'' [[Stutgardia]]e: Wissenschaftliche Verlags-Gesellschaft.
*Hass, Hans. [[1994]]. ''Die Hyperzeller: Das neue Menschenbild der Evolution.''
*Hennen, Anna Maria.
*Osawa, Syoso Osawa. [[1995]]. ''Evolution of the Genetic Code.'' [[Oxonia]]e: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198547815.
*Thoms, Sven P. [[2005]]. ''Ursprung des Lebens.''
*Witzany, Günther Witzany. [[1993]]. ''Natur der Sprache—Sprache der Natur: Sprachpragmatische Philosophie der Biologie.''
*Zimmerman, Rudi. [[2001]]. ''Die Datentransformation: Das Individuum als selbstkopierender Datenträger und das Zeitalter des Systems Mensch.'' [[Berolinum|Berolini]]: Verlag Philosophie des Dritten Jahrtausends. ISBN 3831119023.
==Nexus externi==
[[Fasciculus:Fungi in Borneo.jpg|thumb|[[Boletus]] [[polyporus]] cum hospite habet coniunctionem [[parasitus|parasiticam]].]]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/944790.stm BBCNews: 27 September, 2000, When slime is not so thick]
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20200403040654/http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=4742 SpaceRef.com, July 29, 1997: Scientists Discover Methane Ice Worms On Gulf Of Mexico Sea Floor]
**[
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20050119112427/http://www.sb-roscoff.fr/Ecophy/PDF/00-Fisher-NatWis.pdf Artikel, 2000: Methane Ice Worms: Hesiocaeca methanicola. Colonizing Fossil Fuel Reserves]
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20200403040654/http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewnews.html?id=339 SpaceRef.com, May 04, 2001: Redefining "Life as We Know it"] De ''Hesiocaeca methanicola,'' sub [[glacies|glacie]] [[methana]] in alveo maris [[Sinus Mexici]] anno [[1997]] inventa.
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2585235.stm BBCNews, 18 December, 2002, 'Space bugs' grown in lab] "''Bacillus simplex'' et ''Staphylococcus pasteuri'' . . . ''Engyodontium album''<!-- The strains cultured by Dr Wainwright seemed to be resistant to the effects of UV - one quality required for survival in space"-->
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/3003946.stm BBCNews, 19 June, 2003, Ancient organism challenges cell evolution.] "It appears that this organelle has been conserved in evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, since it is present in both"
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030624180658/http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbios/bi04syllabsu03.html Interactive Syllabus for General Biology - BI 04, Saint Anselm College, Summer 2003]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030913202227/http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/j/s/jsf165/Bio110.html Jacob Feldman: Stramenopila]
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Root NCBI Taxonomy entry: root]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030629122745/http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbios/surveybi04.html Saint Anselm College: Survey of representatives of the major Kingdoms]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192953/http://www.species2000.org/ Species 2000]
*[http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/enviro/EnviroRepublish_828525.htm Maximus organismus]<!--The largest organism in the world may be a fungus carpeting nearly 10 square kilometers of an Oregon forest, and may be as old as 10500 years-->
*[http://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html Arbor Vitae].
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140513202217/http://www.scribd.com/doc/1016/Life-from-birth-to-death/ Quaestiones a pueris rogatae de vita et earum responsi]
[[Categoria:Biologia]]▼
[[Categoria:Vita]]
▲[[Categoria:Vita]]
▲[[Categoria:Biologia]]
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