Winston Churchill

Winston Churchillus,^[1] plene Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (natus 30 Novembris 1874 in Palatio Blenhemiensi iuxta Woodstock Angliae; Londinii mortuus die 24 Ianuarii 1965) fuit primus minister Britanniarum ab anno 1940 ad annum 1945 et ab 1951 ad 1955. Churchill, qui etiam praestantissimus orator erat, officio praefecti Britanniae annis secundi belli mundani functus est.

Vita

Randolphus Churchillus, vir publicus, Winstoni pater fuit. Ioaneta Jerome, orta e familia diviti Americana, fuit mater. Ab anno 1881 Winston apud scholas in Ascot et Bristelmestuna, deinde usque ad annum 1892 apud scholam Harroviensem studuit.

Churchill miles fuit pro patria Britannia inter annos ab 1894 ad 1899. Anno 1898 in Sudania praefectus equitum meruit. Insequenti anno in Africa Australi bello Boerico rebus diurnariis operam dedit.

Anno 1900 cursum honorum in rebus politicis incepit et in parlamentum pro factione Conservativa electus est. Ab anno 1904 usque ad annum 1924 cum ad antiquam suam factionem rediit, Churchill tamen ad factionem Liberalem pertinuit.

Anno 1908 Clementinam Hozier in matrimonium duxit et ex ea quinque liberos (q.s. Diana, Randolphus, Sara, Marigold et Maria) genuit.

A die 6 Novembris 1924 usque ad diem 4 Iunii 1929 Churchill fuit cancellarius scaccarii, id est aerarii minister.

Mense Maio 1940 Adolphus Hitler post Poloniam, Daniam et Norvegiam etiam contra Nederlandiam, Belgicam, Luxemburgum et Franciam proelium commisit et eas profligavit. Churchill, qui iam ab anno 1933 Britannicos de summo periculo ab Adolpho Hitler effecto admonebat, Britanniarum primus minister creatus est. In acerbitatibus rerum et inter belli horas Churchill nihil nisi sanguinem, laborem, lacrimas et sudorem se Britannis promittere nuntiavit.

Mense Iulio 1945 quamquam belli victor Churchill in petitionibus a factione Laboris, Clemente Attlee duce, profligatus est, sed anno 1951 iterum primus minister electus est. Quod officium usque ad diem 5 Aprilis 1955 retinuit, successore Antonio Eden.

Churchill sodalis Regalis Societatis Londiniensis anno 1941 cooptatus est. Anno 1953 propter opera historica et biographica necnon orationes Nobelianum Litteraturae Praemium accepit.

Administrationes quibus praefuit

I administratio ( 10 Maii 1940 – 27 Iulii 1945)
II administratio ( 26 Octobris 1951 – 7 Aprilis 1955 )

Opera scripta potiora

1898 : The Story of the Malakand Field Force
1899 : The River War. 2 voll.
1900 : Savrola [mythistoria]
1906 : Lord Randolph Churchill. 2 voll. [de vita patris]
1909 : The People's Rights
1923-1931 : The World Crisis et The Aftermath. 5 voll.
1930 : My Early Life [de vita sua]
1931 : The Eastern Front
1932 : Thoughts and Adventures
1933-1938 : Marlborough: his life and times. 4 voll.
1937 : Great Contemporaries
1938 : Arms and the Covenant
1948 : Painting as a Pastime
1948-1954 : The Second World War. 6 voll.
1956-1958 : A History of the English-Speaking Peoples. 4 voll.

Notae

↑ Nomen familiae datum ab Eduardo Cobden, Poems on Several Occasions (Londinii: Printed for the Benefit of a Clergyman's Widow, 1748), 309.

Bibliographia

Bibliographica

Rasor, Eugene L. 2000. Winston S. Churchill, 1874–1965: A Comprehensive Historiography and Annotated Bibliography. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-30546-3.

Documenta

Coombs, David; Churchill, Minnie. Sir Winston Churchill: His Life through His Paintings. Pegasus, 2003. ISBN 0-7624-2731-0
James, Robert Rhodes, ed. Winston S. Churchill: His Complete Speeches, 1897–1963. 8 voll. Chelsea House, 1974
Loewenheim, Francis L.; Langley, Harold D., edd. Roosevelt and Churchill: Their Secret Wartime Correspondence. 1975
Soames, Mary, ed. Speaking for Themselves: The Personal Letters of Winston and Clementine Churchill. 1998

Scripta coaevorum

Benn, Tony et al. "Churchill Remembered: Recollections by Tony Benn MP, Lord Carrington, Lord Deedes and Mary Soames" in Transactions of the Royal Historical Society vol. 11 (2001) pp. 393–414
Browne, Anthony Montague. Long sunset: memoirs of Winston Churchill's last private secretary. Londinii: Cassell, 1995. ISBN 978-0-304-34478-9
Charles Moran, Winston Churchill: The Struggle for Survival. Londinii: Constable, 1966

Biographiae

Best, Geoffrey. Churchill: A Study in Greatness. Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN 978-1-85285-253-5
Blake, Robert; Louis, William Roger, edd. Churchill: A Major New Reassessment of His Life in Peace and War. Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 1992. ISBN 978-0-19-282317-5
Charmley, John. Churchill, The End of Glory: A Political Biography. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1993. ISBN 978-0-15-117881-0
Churchill, Randolph; Gilbert, Martin. Winston S. Churchill. Londinii: Macmillan; Hillsdale Press, 1966–
- I. Youth, 1874–1900 (2 voll., 1966); II. Young Statesman, 1901–1914 (3 voll., 1967); III. The Challenge of War, 1914–1916 (3 voll., 1973); IV. The Stricken World, 1916–1922 (2 voll., 1975); V. The Prophet of Truth, 1923–1939 (3 voll., 1977); VI. Finest Hour, 1939–1941: The Churchill War Papers (2 voll., 1983); VII. Road to Victory, 1941–1945 (4 voll., 1986); VIII. Never Despair, 1945–1965 (3 voll., 1988)
Jenkins, Roy, Churchill: a biography. Londinii: Macmillan, 2001
Lukacs, John. Churchill: Visionary, Statesman, Historian. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002
Manchester, William. The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill: Visions of Glory, 1874–1932. 1983. ISBN 0-316-54503-1
Manchester, William. The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill: Alone, 1932–1940. 1988. ISBN 0-316-54512-0
Manchester, William. The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill: Defender of the Realm, 1940–1965. 2010
Pelling, Henry. Winston Churchill. 1974. ISBN 1-84022-218-2
Stansky, Peter, ed. Churchill: A Profile. 1973

Specialia

Charmley, John. Churchill's Grand Alliance: The Anglo-American Special Relationship 1940–57. Londinii: Hodder & Stoughton, 1996. ISBN 978-0-340-59760-6
D'Este, Carlo. Warlord: a life of Winston Churchill at war, 1874–1945. Londinii: Allen Lane, 2008. ISBN 978-0-7139-9753-8
Hastings, Max. Finest Years: Churchill as Warlord, 1940–45. Londinii: HarperPress, 2009. ISBN 978-0-00-726367-7
James, Robert Rhodes. Churchill: A Study in Failure, 1900–1939. 1970
Jordan, Anthony J. Churchill: A Founder of Modern Ireland. Westport Books, 1995. ISBN 978-0-9524447-0-1
Kersaudy, François. Churchill and De Gaulle. 1981. ISBN 0-00-216328-4
Lewis, G.K. "On the character and achievement of Sir Winston Churchill" in Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science vol. 23 (1957) pp. 173–194
Pelling, Henry. Churchill's Peacetime Ministry, 1951-1955. Londinii: Macmillan, 1997. ISBN 0-333-55597-X
Ramsden, John. Man of the Century: Winston Churchill and His Legend Since 1945. Novi Ebpraci: Columbia University Press, 2002
Stafford, David. Churchill and Secret Service. Londinii: John Murray, 1997. ISBN 0-7195-5407-1
Toye, Richard. Churchill's Empire: The World that Made Him and the World He Made. Londinii: Macmillan, 2010. ISBN 978-0-230-70384-1
Toye, Richard. Lloyd George and Churchill: Rivals for Greatness. London: Macmillan, 2007. ISBN 978-1-4050-4896-5

Necrologiae

Jones, R. V. "Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill 1874-1965" in Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society vol. 12 (1966) pp. 34–105

Nexus externi

Lexica biographica: Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana • Den store danske • Deutsche Biographie • Commentatio Theodisce, Francogallice, Italice apud Lexicon historicum Helveticum • Treccani • Store norske leksikon • Большая российская энциклопедия •

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Winston Churchill spectant.

Vicicitatio habet citationes quae ad Winston Churchill spectant.

The Churchill Centre (situs eo dicatus)
Churchill War Rooms (de museo domorum bellicarum Churchillianarum)
Archivum Churchillianum apud Collegium Churchill Cantabrigiense
- Vita Winston Churchill ibidem
Museum Churchillianum Nationale iuxta Fulton Missuriae
De Winston Churchill in pagina administrationis Angliae
De Winston Churchill in pagina Nobeliano Litterarum Praemio dicata (Anglice)
De Winston Churchill in Archivo Regalis Societatis Londiniensis
Opera aliqua Winston Churchill apud gutenberg.org
Picturae ab Winston Churchill factae

Primi ministri Britannici 1721–1945


Robertus Walpole · Spencer Compton · Henricus Pelham · Thomas Pelham-Holles · Gulielmus Cavendish · Thomas Pelham-Holles · Ioannes Stuart · Georgius Grenville · Carolus Watson-Wentworth · Gulielmus Pitt Senior · Augustus Henricus Fitzroy · Fridericus North · Carolus Watson-Wentworth · Gulielmus Petty · Gulielmus Henricus Cavendish-Bentinck · Gulielmus Pitt Iunior · Henricus Addington · Gulielmus Pitt Iunior Gulielmus Wyndham Grenville · Gulielmus Henricus Cavendish-Bentinck · Spencer Perceval · Robertus Banks Jenkinson · Georgius Canning · Fridericus Ioannes Robinson · Arthurus, dux de Wellington · Carolus Grey · Gulielmus Lamb · Arthurus, dux de Wellington · Robertus Peel · Gulielmus Lamb · Robertus Peel · Ioannes Russell · Eduardus Galfridus Smith Stanley · Georgius Hamilton Gordon · Henricus Ioannes Temple · Eduardus Galfridus Smith Stanley · Henricus Ioannes Temple · Ioannes Russell · Eduardus Galfridus Smith Stanley · Beniaminus Disraeli · Gulielmus Ewart Gladstone · Beniaminus Disraeli · Gulielmus Ewart Gladstone · Robertus Gascoyne-Cecil · Gulielmus Ewart Gladstone · Robertus Gascoyne-Cecil · Gulielmus Ewart Gladstone · Archibaldus Philippus Primrose · Robertus Gascoyne-Cecil · Arthurus Balfour · Henricus Campbell-Bannerman · Herbertus Henricus Asquith · David Lloyd George · Andreas Bonar Law · Stanley Baldwin · Ramsay MacDonald · Stanley Baldwin · Ramsay MacDonald · Stanley Baldwin · Neville Chamberlain · Winston Churchill Opus geopoliticum • Porta Britanniarum Regni • Primus minister Britanniarum Regni Capsae cognatae: Reges Britanniarum • Primi ministri Regni Britanniarum 1945–

Primi ministri Regni Britanniarum 1945–


Clemens Attlee 1945 • Winston Churchill 1951 • Antonius Eden 1955 • Haroldus Macmillan 1957 • Alexander Douglas-Home 1963 • Haroldus Wilson 1964 • Eduardus Heath 1970 • Haroldus Wilson 1974 • Iacobus Callaghan 1976 • Margarita Thatcher 1979 • Ioannes Major 1990 • Antonius Blair 1997 • Gordonus Brown 2007 • David Cameron 2010 • Theresa May 2016 • Boris Johnson 2019 • Elisabetha Truss 2022 • Rishi Sunak 2022 Opus geopoliticum • Porta Unionis Europaeae • Porta Britanniarum Regni • Gubernatores civitatum Europaearum hodiernarum • Primus minister Britanniarum Regni Capsae cognatae: Gubernatores civitatum sociarum Unionis Europaeae • Reges Britanniarum • Primi ministri Britannici 1721–1945 • Primi ministri Cambriae • Primi ministri Hiberniae Septentrionalis • Primi ministri Scotiae Secretarii vel ministri a circumiectu • a commeatu • a cultura • ab eruditione • ab evolutione internationali • ab iustitia • a munitione • a negotio • a rebus externis • a rebus internis • a scaccario • a valetudine

Secretarii civici rerum internarum Britannici (1900-)


Carolus Ritchie • Aretas Akers-Douglas • Herbertus Gladstone • Winston Churchill • Reginaldus McKenna • Ioannes Simon • Herbertus Samuel • Georgius Cave • Eduardus Shortt • Gulielmus Bridgeman • Arthurus Henderson • Gulielmus Joynson-Hicks • J. R. Clynes • Herbertus Samuel • Ioannes Gilmour • Ioannes Simon • Samuel Hoare • Ioannes Anderson • Herbertus Morrison • Donaldus Somervell • Iacobus Chuter Ede • David Maxwell-Fyfe • Gulielmus Lloyd George • Ricardus Augustinus Butler • Henricus Brooke • Franciscus Soskice • Roy Jenkins • Iacobus Callaghan • Reginaldus Maudling • Robertus Carr • Roy Jenkins • Merlyn Rees • Gulielmus Whitelaw • Leo Brittan • Duglassius Hurd • David Waddington • Kenethus Baker • Kenethus Clarke • Michael Howard • Ioannes Straw • David Blunkett • Carolus Clarke • Ioannes Reid • Jacqui Smith • Alanus Johnson • Theresa May • Amber Rudd • Sajid Javid • Priti Patel • Suella Braverman • Grant Shapps • Suella Braverman • Iacobus Cleverly Opus geopoliticum • Porta Unionis Europaeae • Porta Britanniarum Regni Capsae cognatae: Primi ministri Regni Britanniarum

Cancellarii scaccarii Britannici (1902-)


Carolus Ritchie • Augustinus Chamberlain • Herbertus Asquith • David Lloyd George • Reginaldus McKenna • Bonar Law • Augustinus Chamberlain • Robertus Horne • Stanley Baldwin • Neville Chamberlain • Philippus Snowden • Winston Churchill • Philippus Snowden • Neville Chamberlain • Ioannes Simon • Kingsley Wood • Ioannes Anderson • Hugo Dalton • Stafford Cripps • Hugo Gaitskell • Rab Butler • Haroldus Macmillan • Petrus Thorneycroft • Derick Heathcoat-Amory • Selwyn Lloyd • Reginaldus Maudling • Iacobus Callaghan • Roy Jenkins • Ioannes Macleod • Antonius Barber • Dionysius Healey • Galfridus Howe • Nigellus Lawson • Ioannes Major • Normannus Lamont • Kenethus Clarke • Gordonus Brown • Alexander Darling • Georgius Osborne • Philippus Hammond • Sajid Javid • Rishi Sunak • Nadhim Zahawi • Kwasi Kwarteng • Ieremias Hunt Opus geopoliticum • Porta Unionis Europaeae • Porta Britanniarum Regni Capsae cognatae: Primi ministri Regni Britanniarum

Secretarii civici et ministri a munitione Britannici


Winston Churchill • Clemens Attlee • A. V. Alexander • Emmanuel Shinwell • Winston Churchill • Haroldus Alexander • Haroldus Macmillan • Selwyn Lloyd • Gualterus Monckton • Antonius Head • Duncan Sandys • Haroldus Watkinson • Petrus Thorneycroft • Dionysius Healey • Petrus Carrington • Ian Gilmour • Roy Mason • Fridericus Mulley • Franciscus Pym • Ioannes Nott • Michael Heseltine • Georgius Younger • Thomas King • Milcolumbus Rifkind • Michael Portillo • Georgius Robertson • Galfridus Hoon • Ioannes Reid • Desmondus Browne • Ioannes Hutton • Robertus Ainsworth • Gulielmus Fox • Philippus Hammond • Michael Fallon • Gavinus Williamson • Penelope Mordaunt • Ben Wallace • Grant Shapps Opus geopoliticum • Porta Unionis Europaeae • Porta Britanniarum Regni Capsae cognatae: Primi ministri Regni Britanniarum

[1] Nomen familiae datum ab Eduardo Cobden, Poems on Several Occasions (Londinii: Printed for the Benefit of a Clergyman's Widow, 1748), 309.

[1]