Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Iterative and Scenario-Based Requirements Specification in a System of Systems Context

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality (REFSQ 2021)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 12685))

  • 1224 Accesses

Abstract

[Context & Motivation] Due to the managerial, operational and evolutionary independence of constituent systems (CSs) in a System of Systems (SoS) context, top-down and linear requirements engineering (RE) approaches are insufficient. RE techniques for SoS must support iterating, changing, synchronizing, and communicating requirements across different abstraction and hierarchy levels as well as scopes of responsibility. [Question/Problem] We address the challenge of SoS requirements specification, where requirements can describe the SoS behavior, but also the behavior of CSs that are developed independently. [Principal Ideas] To support the requirements specification in an SoS environment, we propose a scenario-based and iterative specification technique. This allows requirements engineers to continuously model and jointly execute and test the system behavior for the SoS and the CS in order to detect contradictions in the requirement specifications at an early stage. [Contribution] In this paper, we describe an extension for the scenario-modeling language for Kotlin (SMLK) to continuously and formally model requirements on SoS and CS level. To support the iterative requirements specification and modeling we combine SMLK with agile development techniques. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach with the help of an example from the field of e-mobility.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://bitbucket.org/crstnwchr/besos (includes the proof-of-concept example).

  2. 2.

    https://bitbucket.org/jgreenyer/smlk/ (required to build the example project).

  3. 3.

    https://cucumber.io/docs/gherkin/.

  4. 4.

    https://bitbucket.org/crstnwchr/besos/.

  5. 5.

    https://bitbucket.org/jgreenyer/smlk/.

  6. 6.

    https://cucumber.io.

  7. 7.

    https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/.

References

  1. Albers, A., Mandel, C., Yan, S., Behrendt, M.: System of systems approach for the description and characterization of validation environments. In: Proceedings of International Design Conference, DESIGN, vol. 6, pp. 2799–2810 (2018). https://doi.org/10.21278/idc.2018.0460

  2. Albers, A., Kurrle, A., Moeser, G.: Modellbasiertes Anforderungsmanagement von Systems-of-Systems am Beispiel des vernetzten Fahrzeugs. In: Tag des Systems Engineering (TdSE), Bremen, 4–12 November 2014. Hrsg.: M. Maurer, pp. 373–382. Hanser, München (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Aydemir, F.B., Dalpiaz, F., Brinkkemper, S., Giorgini, P., Mylopoulos, J.: The next release problem revisited: a new avenue for goal models (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/RE.2018.00-56

  4. Dahmann, J.S., Baldwin, K.J.: Understanding the current state of US defense systems of systems and the implications for systems engineering. In: 2008 2nd Annual IEEE Systems Conference, pp. 1–7 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Damas, C., Lambeau, B., van Lamsweerde, A.: Scenarios, goals, and state machines: a win-win partnership for model synthesis. In: Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering, SIGSOFT 2006/FSE-14, pp. 197–207. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2006). https://doi.org/10.1145/1181775.1181800

  6. Damm, W., Harel, D.: LSCs: breathing life into message sequence charts. Formal Methods Syst. Des. 19, 45–80 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011227529550

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Fernández, D.M., Wagner, S.: Naming the pain in requirements engineering. Empirical Softw. Eng. 183 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1145/2460999.2461027

  8. Fischbach, J., Vogelsang, A., Spies, D., Wehrle, A., Junker, M., Freudenstein, D.: SPECMATE: automated creation of test cases from acceptance criteria. In: Proceedings - 2020 IEEE 13th International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation, ICST 2020, pp. 321–331 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICST46399.2020.00040

  9. Fitzgerald, J., Pierce, K., Larsen, P.G.: Co-modelling and co-simulation in the engineering of systems of cyber-physical systems. In: 2014 9th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SOSE), pp. 67–72 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/SYSOSE.2014.6892465

  10. Fockel, M., Holtmann, J., Koch, T., Schmelter, D.: Formal, model- and scenario-based requirement patterns. In: 6th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development (2016). https://doi.org/10.5220/0006554103110318

  11. Gausemeier, J., Moehringer, S.: VDI 2206- a new guideline for the design of mechatronic systems. In: IFAC Proceedings Volumes, pp. 785–790. Elsevier (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)34035-1

  12. Harel, D., Maoz, S.: Assert and negate revisited: modal semantics for UML sequence diagrams. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International Workshop on Scenarios and State Machines: Models, Algorithms, and Tools, SCESM 2006, pp. 13–20. ACM, New York (2006). https://doi.org/10.1145/1138953.1138958. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1138953.1138958

  13. Harel, D., Marelly, R.: Specifying and executing behavioral requirements: the play-in/play-out approach. SoSyM 2, 82–107 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Harel, D., Marelly, R., Marron, A., Szekely, S.: Integrating inter-object scenarios with intra-object statecharts for developing reactive systems. IEEE Des. Test 1–19 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/MDAT.2020.3006805

  15. Harel, D., Marron, A., Weiss, G.: Behavioral programming. Comm. ACM 55(7), 90–100 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1145/2209249.2209270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Harel, D., Marron, A., Wiener, G., Weiss, G.: Behavioral programming, decentralized control, and multiple time scales. In: Proceedings of the Compilation of the Co-Located Workshops on DSM 2011, TMC 2011, AGERE! 2011, AOOPES 2011, NEAT 2011, & VMIL 2011, SPLASH 2011 Workshops, pp. 171–182. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2011). https://doi.org/10.1145/2095050.2095079

  17. Hoehne, O.M., Rushton, G.: A System of Systems Approach to Automotive Challenges. SAE Technical Paper. SAE International (2018). https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0752

  18. Holt, J., Perry, S., Brownsword, M., Cancila, D., Hallerstede, S., Hansen, F.O.: Model-based requirements engineering for system of systems. In: Proceedings - 2012 7th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, SoSE 2012, pp. 561–566 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/SYSoSE.2012.6384145

  19. Holtmann, J., Bernijazov, R., Meyer, M., Schmelter, D., Tschirner, C.: Integrated and iterative systems engineering and software requirements engineering for technical systems. J. Softw.: Evol. Process 28(9), 722–743 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/smr.1780. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/smr.1780

  20. INCOSE: INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook: A Guide for System Life Cycle Processes and Activities. John Wiley (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kirpes, B., Danner, P., Basmadjian, R., Meer, H., Becker, C.: E-mobility systems architecture: a model-based framework for managing complexity and interoperability. Energy Inform. 2(1), 1–31 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-019-0072-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Lee, K., Hong, J.H., Kim, T.: System of systems approach to formal modeling of CPS for simulation-based analysis. ETRI J. 37, 175–185 (2015). https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.15.0114.0863

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Maier, M.W.: Architecting principles for systems-of-systems. In: INCOSE International Symposium, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 565–573 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.1996.tb02054.x

  24. Ncube, C.: On the engineering of systems of systems: key challenges for the requirements engineering community. In: 2011 Workshop on Requirements Engineering for Systems, Services and Systems-of-Systems, RESS 2011 - Workshop Co-located with the 19th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference, pp. 70–73. IEEE (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/RESS.2011.6043923

  25. Ncube, C., Lim, S.L.: On systems of systems engineering: a requirements engineering perspective and research agenda. In: Proceedings - 2018 IEEE 26th International Requirements Engineering Conference, RE 2018, pp. 112–123 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/RE.2018.00021

  26. Nielsen, C., Larsen, P., Fitzgerald, J., Woodcock, J., Peleska, J.: Systems of systems engineering. ACM Comput. Surv. 48, 1–41 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1145/2794381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Odusd, A., Sse, T.: Systems Engineering Guide for Systems of Systems. Technical Report August, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (2008). https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2008.4778760

  28. Sutcliffe, A.: Scenario-based requirements engineering. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering, pp. 320–329 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRE.2003.1232776

  29. Whittle, J., Schumann, J.: Generating statechart designs from scenarios. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2000, pp. 314–323. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2000). https://doi.org/10.1145/337180.337217

  30. Wiecher, C.: A Feature-oriented approach: from usage scenarios to automated system of systems validation in the automotive domain. In: ACM/IEEE 23rd International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS 2020 Companion), Virtual Event, Canada (2020). https://doi.org/10.1145/3417990.3419485

  31. Wiecher, C., Greenyer, J.: Besos: a tool for behavior-driven and scenario-based requirements modeling for systems of systems, preprint (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Wiecher, C., Greenyer, J., Korte, J.: Test-driven scenario specification of automotive software components. In: 2019 ACM/IEEE 22nd International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion (MODELS-C), Munich, Germany, pp. 12–17 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/MODELS-C.2019.00009

  33. Wiecher, C., Japs, S., Kaiser, L., Greenyer, J., Dumitrescu, R., Wolff, C.: Scenarios in the loop : integrated requirements analysis and automotive system validation. In: ACM/IEEE 23rd International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS 2020 Companion) (2020). https://doi.org/10.1145/3417990.3421264

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 44139, Dortmund, Germany

    Carsten Wiecher & Carsten Wolff

  2. FHDW Hannover, 30173, Hannover, Germany

    Joel Greenyer

  3. Fraunhofer IEM, 33102, Paderborn, Germany

    Harald Anacker & Roman Dumitrescu

Authors
  1. Carsten Wiecher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Joel Greenyer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Carsten Wolff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Harald Anacker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Roman Dumitrescu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Carsten Wiecher .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Fabiano Dalpiaz

  2. Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA

    Paola Spoletini

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Wiecher, C., Greenyer, J., Wolff, C., Anacker, H., Dumitrescu, R. (2021). Iterative and Scenario-Based Requirements Specification in a System of Systems Context. In: Dalpiaz, F., Spoletini, P. (eds) Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality. REFSQ 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12685. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73128-1_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73128-1_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-73127-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-73128-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation