Abstract
Environmentally unsustainable human activities have been linked to a significant loss in usable areas of soil, water, and air, often contaminated by numerous harmful chemicals, including heavy metals. The physicochemical composition of the soil, in turn, interferes and is affected by a multitude of genetically distinct microorganisms that reside in it and interact with plants, through different ecological strategies (competitive, exploiting, neutral, commensal, mutualistic). Non-pathogenic, free-living soil bacteria, which can be rhizospheric and become endophytic, belong to one of the three categories: those that exclusively promote plant growth (PGPB), those that do the same but also control phytopathogens (PGPB-PC) and PGPB that also regulate biotic and abiotic stress in plants (PGSRB). The soils that agribusinesses use directly in their crops or in pots in the greenhouse usually receive various chemical products and/or irrigation with wastewater containing heavy metals. However, these soils are usually cultivated with plants in symbiosis with endophytes, which either mineralize these contaminants or favor their accumulation or co-metabolization. It means that these bacteria readily express the genes that allow them to show all these characteristics during their multiplication in the hosts—an advantage over other bacteria that inhabit the plants endosphere. Thus, the improvement in the production and application of microorganisms, especially if they are PGPB, capable of removing such metals and controlling phytopathogens, represents the availability of an eco-efficient technology compatible with sustainability. The purpose of this chapter was to review the knowledge of the last three decades about the symbiotic relationships of bacteria with plants, especially with regard to their competition with phytopathogens and the decontamination of soils containing heavy metals.
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Lopez, A.M.Q., Silva, A.L.D.S., Maranhão, F.C.D.A., Ferreira, L.F.R. (2022). Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria: Aspects in Metal Bioremediation and Phytopathogen Management. In: Kumar, A. (eds) Microbial Biocontrol: Sustainable Agriculture and Phytopathogen Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87512-1_3
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