Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Skip to main content

Determining Action Reversibility in STRIPS Using Answer Set Programming with Quantifiers

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages (PADL 2022)

Abstract

In the field of automated planning, an action is called reversible when other actions can be applied in order to revert the effects of this action and return to the original state. In recent years, there has been renewed interest in this topic, which led to novel results in the widely known STRIPS formalism and the PDDL planning language.

In this paper, we aim to solve the computational problem of deciding action reversibility in a practical setting, applying recent advances in the field of logic programming. In particular, a quantified extension of Answer Set Programming (ASP) named ASP with Quantifiers (ASP(Q)) has been proposed by Amendola, Ricca, and Truszczynski, which allows for stacking logic programs by quantifying over answer sets of the previous layer. This language is well-suited to express encodings for the action reversibility problem, since this problem naturally contains a quantifier alternation. In addition, a prototype solver for ASP(Q) is currently developed. We make use of the ASP(Q) language to offer an encoding for action reversibility, and then report on preliminary benchmark results on how well this encoding performs compared to classical ASP.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.kr.tuwien.ac.at/research/systems/revplan/index.html.

References

  1. Amendola, G., Ricca, F., Truszczynski, M.: Beyond NP: quantifying over answer sets. Theory Pract. Log. Program. 19(5–6), 705–721 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1471068419000140

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Brewka, G., Eiter, T., Truszczynski, M.: Answer set programming at a glance. Commun. ACM 54(12), 92–103 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1145/2043174.2043195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bylander, T.: The computational complexity of propositional STRIPS planning. Artif. Intell. 69(1–2), 165–204 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(94)90081-7

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Calimeri, F., et al.: Asp-core-2 input language format. Theory Pract. Log. Program. 20(2), 294–309 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1471068419000450

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Camacho, A., Muise, C.J., McIlraith, S.A.: From FOND to robust probabilistic planning: computing compact policies that bypass avoidable deadends. In: Proceedings ICAPS, pp. 65–69 (2016). http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICAPS/ICAPS16/paper/view/13188

  6. Chrpa, L., Faber, W., Morak, M.: Universal and uniform action reversibility. In: Proceedings KR (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Chrpa, L., Lipovetzky, N., Sardiña, S.: Handling non-local dead-ends in agent planning programs. In: Proceedings IJCAI, pp. 971–978 (2017). https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/135

  8. Chrpa, L., McCluskey, T.L., Osborne, H.: Optimizing plans through analysis of action dependencies and independencies. In: Proceedings ICAPS (2012). http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICAPS/ICAPS12/paper/view/4712

  9. Cserna, B., Doyle, W.J., Ramsdell, J.S., Ruml, W.: Avoiding dead ends in real-time heuristic search. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, (AAAI-18), pp. 1306–1313 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Daum, J., Torralba, Á., Hoffmann, J., Haslum, P., Weber, I.: Practical undoability checking via contingent planning. In: Proceedings ICAPS, pp. 106–114 (2016). http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICAPS/ICAPS16/paper/view/13091

  11. De Giacomo, G., Gerevini, A.E., Patrizi, F., Saetti, A., Sardiña, S.: Agent planning programs. Artif. Intell. 231, 64–106 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2015.10.001

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Dimopoulos, Y., Gebser, M., Lühne, P., Romero, J., Schaub, T.: plasp 3: towards effective ASP planning. Theory Pract. Logic Program. 19(3), 477–504 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1471068418000583

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Eiter, T., Erdem, E., Faber, W.: Undoing the effects of action sequences. J. Appl. Logic 6(3), 380–415 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jal.2007.05.002

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Eiter, T., Gottlob, G.: On the computational cost of disjunctive logic programming: propositional case. Ann. Math. Artif. Intell. 15(3–4), 289–323 (1995)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Faber, W., Morak, M., Chrpa, L.: Determining action reversibility in strips using answer set and epistemic logic programming. Theory Pract. Log. Program. 21(5), 646–662 (2021)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Fikes, R., Nilsson, N.J.: STRIPS: a new approach to the application of theorem proving to problem solving. Artif. Intell. 2(3/4), 189–208 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Gebser, M., Kaminski, R., Kaufmann, B., Schaub, T.: Answer set solving in practice. Synth. Lect. Artif. Intell. Mach. Learn. 6(3), 1–238 (2012). https://doi.org/10.2200/S00457ED1V01Y201211AIM019

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Gelfond, M., Lifschitz, V.: Classical negation in logic programs and disjunctive databases. New Gener. Comput. 9(3/4), 365–386 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03037169

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Ghallab, M., Nau, D.S., Traverso, P.: Automated planning - theory and practice. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Ghallab, M., Nau, D.S., Traverso, P.: Automated Planning and Acting. Cambridge University Press (2016). http://www.cambridge.org/de/academic/subjects/computer-science/artificial-intelligence-and-natural-language-processing/automated-planning-and-acting?format=HB

  21. Hecking-Harbusch, J., Tentrup, L.: Solving QBF by abstraction. In: Orlandini, A., Zimmermann, M. (eds.) Proceedings Ninth International Symposium on Games, Automata, Logics, and Formal Verification, GandALF 2018, Saarbrücken, Germany, 26–28th September 2018, EPTCS, vol. 277, pp. 88–102 (2018). https://doi.org/10.4204/EPTCS.277.7

  22. Lifschitz, V.: Answer Set Programming. Springer, Heidelberg (2019)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  23. Lipovetzky, N., Muise, C.J., Geffner, H.: Traps, invariants, and dead-ends. In: Proceedings ICAPS, pp. 211–215 (2016). http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICAPS/ICAPS16/paper/view/13190

  24. Morak, M., Chrpa, L., Faber, W., Fišer, D.: On the reversibility of actions in planning. In: Proceedings KR, pp. 652–661 (2020). https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/65

Download references

Acknowledgments

Supported by the S&T Cooperation CZ 05/2019 “Identifying Undoable Actions and Events in Automated Planning by Means of Answer Set Programming”, by the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports under the Czech-Austrian Mobility program (project no. 8J19AT025) and by the OP VVV funded project “Research Center for Informatics”, number CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000765.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael Morak .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Faber, W., Morak, M., Chrpa, L. (2022). Determining Action Reversibility in STRIPS Using Answer Set Programming with Quantifiers. In: Cheney, J., Perri, S. (eds) Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages. PADL 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 13165. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94479-7_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94479-7_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-94478-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-94479-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics