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Mapping Relational Database Constraints to SHACL

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The Semantic Web – ISWC 2022 (ISWC 2022)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 13489))

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Abstract

Most structured data today is still stored in relational databases, which makes it important to provide a translation between relational and semantic data. A relational to RDF mapping, such as R2RML [13], provides a way to view existing relational data in the RDF data model through declarative mappings. While relational to RDF mapping translates relational instance data to RDF, it does not specify any translation of existing relational constraints such as primary and foreign key constraints. Since the introduction of R2RML, interest in RDF constraint languages has increased and SHACL [15] has been standardised. This raises the question of which SHACL constraints are guaranteed to be valid on a dataset produced by a relational to RDF mapping. For arbitrary SQL constraints and relational to RDF mappings, this is a hard problem, but we introduce a number of restrictions on the mappings that allow us to introduce a constraint rewriting for relational to RDF mappings that faithfully transfers SQL integrity constraints to SHACL constraints. We define and prove two fundamental properties, namely maximal semantics preservation and monotonicity.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    https://www.w3.org/TR/shacl/#implicit-targetClass.

  2. 2.

    https://www.w3.org/TR/shacl/#implicit-targetClass.

  3. 3.

    dash:uniqueValueForClassConstraintComponent from http://datashapes.org.

  4. 4.

    \(\textbf{t}_{\nu }\) specify XML Schema datatype of RDF literal \(\textbf{t}_{\nu }(d)\) corresponding to the SQL data type \(\nu \) of the database constant \(d\in \varDelta _{\nu }\), e.g., \(\textbf{t}_{\nu }\) is an \(\text {xsd:string}\) IRI term if \(\nu \) is \(\text {varchar}\) SQL data type.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the Norwegian Research Council via the SIRIUS SFI (237898). We thank Egor Kostylev for many constructive suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Ratan Bahadur Thapa & Martin Giese

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  1. Ratan Bahadur Thapa
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  2. Martin Giese
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Correspondence to Martin Giese .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    Ulrike Sattler

  2. University of Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Aidan Hogan

  3. University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

    Maria Keet

  4. University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Valentina Presutti

  5. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil

    João Paulo A. Almeida

  6. National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan

    Hideaki Takeda

  7. Orange, Belfort, France

    Pierre Monnin

  8. Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Giuseppe Pirrò

  9. University of Bari, Bari, Italy

    Claudia d’Amato

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Thapa, R.B., Giese, M. (2022). Mapping Relational Database Constraints to SHACL. In: Sattler, U., et al. The Semantic Web – ISWC 2022. ISWC 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13489. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19433-7_13

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