Abstract
The intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) passive optical network (PON) has been demonstrated as a cost-effective solution for a long-reach (\(>\!80\,\hbox {km}\)) access system because it can be easily installed and maintained with low cost and complexity. Meanwhile, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been widely used in PONs due to its high spectral efficiency and strong resistance to dispersion impairments. So, the IM/DD OFDM-PON emerged. The power efficiency has attracted great research interests in IM/DD OFDM-PONs. The previous works achieved power savings from the perspective of MAC-layer or hardware-level optimization, but they neglected designing appropriative algorithms, and the long-reach transmission performance cannot be guaranteed. In this paper, we propose an improved Hughes-Hartogs algorithm (IHHA) to adjust the number of bits and power level allocated for each subcarrier, with the objective to minimize the electrical transmitting power of all subcarriers. The OFDM signal is generated according to the bit/power allocation result of IHHA, and we conduct extensive simulations to verify the long-reach transmission performance of our system. Simulation results show that our system has high power efficiency by using IHHA, and bit error rate satisfies the forward error correction limitation after 100 km single-mode fiber transmission.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dhaini, A.R., Ho, P.H., Shen, G., Shihada, B.: Energy efficiency in TDMA-based next-generation passive optical access networks. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 22(3), 850–863 (2014)
Zhang, C., Chen, C., Huang, J., Qiu, K.: Performance Improvement of optical OFDMA-PON using data clipping and additional phases. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 24(4), 255–257 (2012)
Deng, L., Zhao, Y., Yu, X., Arlunno, V., Borkowski, R., Liu, D., Monroy, I.T.: Experimental demonstration of an improved EPON architecture using OFDMA for bandwidth scalable LAN emulation. Opt. Fiber Technol. 17(2011), 554–557 (2011)
Zheng, X., Jin, X.Q., Giddings, R.P., Wei, J.L., Salas, E.H., Hong, Y.H., Tang, J.M.: Negative power penalties of optical OFDM signal transmissions in directly modulated DFB laser-based IMDD systems incorporating negative dispersion fbers. IEEE Photon. J. 2(4), 532–542 (2010)
Yang, Q., He, Z., Yang, Z., Yu, S., Yi, X., Amin, A.A., Shieh, W.: Coherent optical DFT-spread OFDM in band-multiplexed transmissions. In: Proceedings of ECOC, pp. 1–3, (2011)
Zhang, C., Zhang, Q., Chen, C., Jing, N., Liu, D., Qiu, K., Liu, S., Wu, B.: Metro-access integrated network based on optical OFDMA with dynamic sub-carrier allocation and power distribution. Opt. Express 21(2), 2474–2479 (2013)
Armstrong, J.: OFDM for optical communications. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 27(3), 189–204 (2009)
Zhang, J., Yi, X., Yang, Q., Zhang, H., Deng, M., Qiu, K.: Collective reception of orthogonal band multiplexed data streams for OFDM-PON upstream transmissions. Opt. Commun. 285(2012), 3597–3603 (2012)
Sanchez, C., Ortegea, B., Wei, J.L., Tang, J., Capmany, J.: Analytical formulation of directly modulated OOFDM signals transmitted over an IM/DD dispersive link. Opt. Express 21(6), 7651–7666 (2013)
Andre, N.S., Louchet, H., Habel, K., Richter, A.: Analytical formulation for SNR prediction in DMDD OFDM-based access systems. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 26(12), 1255–1258 (2014)
Dhaini, A.R., Ho, P.H., Shen, G.: Toward green next-generation passive optical networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 49(11), 94–101 (2011)
NEC: FTTx solution with GEPON [Online]. http://www.nec.com/en/global/solutions/nsp/fixed/fttx.html
You, W., Yi, L., Huang, S., Chen, J., Hu, W.: Power efficient dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm in OFDMA-PONs. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 5(12), 1353–1360 (2013)
Zhao, Y., Qiao, Y., Ji, Y.: Power efficient and colorless PON upstream system using asymmetric clipping optical OFDM and TDMA technologies. Opt. Commun. 285(2012), 1787–1791 (2012)
Zhang, J., Wang, T., Ansari, N.: An efficient MAC protocol for asynchronous ONUs in OFDMA PONs. In: Proceedings of OFC, pp. 1–3, (2011)
Gong, X., Liu, Y., Guo, L.: Joint optimization of bit and power loading for power efficient OFDM-PON. In: Proceedings of ICOCN, pp. 1–4, (2014)
Duong, T., Genay, N., Ouzzif, M., Masson, J., Charbonnier, B., Chanclou, P., Simon, J.: Adaptive loading algorithm implemented in AMOOFDM for NG-PON system integrating cost-effective and low-bandwidth optical devices. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21(12), 790–792 (2009)
Truong, T., Arzel, M., Lin, H., Jahan, B., Jezequel, M.: DFT precoded OFDM—an alternative candidate for next generation PONs. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 32(6), 1228–1238 (2014)
Giacoumidis, E., Kavatzikidis, A., Tsokanos, A., Tang, J.M., Tomkos, I.: Adaptive loading algorithms for IMDD optical OFDM PON systems using directly modulated lasers. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 4(10), 769–778 (2012)
Clausen, D., Ruprecht, C., Rosenkranz, W.: Experimental investigation of bit and power loading in 10 Gbit/s next generation optical OFDM access networks. In: Proceedings of InOWo, pp. 1–4, (2012)
Mizuochi, T., Miyata, Y., Kubo, K., Sugihara, T., Onohara, K., Yoshida, H.: Progress in soft-decision FEC. In: Proceedings of OFC, pp. 1–3, (2011)
Acknowledgments
This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61401082, 61471109, 61172051), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (N140405005, N130817002, N130404002, N120804002), the Foundation of the Education Department of Liaoning Province (L2014089), the Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program, and the National High-Level Personnel Special Support Program for Youth Top-Notch Talent.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The preliminary work has been presented at ICOCN 2014.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gong, X., Guo, L. & Liu, Y. Power-efficient schemes using directly modulated lasers for intensity modulation and direct detection OFDM-PONs. Photon Netw Commun 31, 275–284 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-015-0544-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-015-0544-9