Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Skip to main content

Fundamental Concepts of Synchronization

An Introduction: From Classical to Modern

  • General Article
  • Published:
Resonance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objects with rhythms naturally synchronize. Synchronization is the coordination of events in order to run the system uniformly. Yet the phenomenon went entirely undocumented until 1665. Since the pioneering description of synchronization by Huygens, the phenomenon has been studied by various researchers in an interdisciplinary manner. Many researchers have contributed to the development of synchronization theory proving that synchronization occurs in coupled non-linear dissipative oscillators. Such oscillators range from mechanical clocks and population dynamics to human heart and neural networks. This article aims to explain the basic principles of synchronization theory. The history and applications of synchronization are discussed in real-world scenarios. We address different types of synchronization with a detailed discussion on the simplest type of synchronization. The phenomenon of synchronization applies to oscillations of different forms—periodic, noisy, and chaotic in nature. Here, we specifically discuss the oscillators which can hold synchronization. In particular, we provide an overview of self-sustained periodic and chaotic oscillators with a detailed description of different forms of these oscillators in phase space. Further, a summary of further research challenges has also been given for the future development of advanced applications based on natural synchronization phenomenon.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Suggested Reading

  1. C Huygens, Oeuvres complétes de Christiaan Huygens, Vol.8, (M. Nijho), 1899.

  2. Y Wu, N Wang, L Li and J Xiao, Anti-phase synchronization of two coupled mechanical metronomes, Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, Vol.22, p.023146, 2012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. E Kaempfer, The History of Japan: Together with a Description of the Kingdom of Siam 1690–1692, (Psychology Press), 1993.

  4. R B Lindsay, Men of Physics Lord Rayleigh — The Man and His Work: The Commonwealth and International Library: Selected Readings in Physics, (Elsevier).

  5. J H Ku, Jw strutt, Third Baron Rayleigh: The Theory of Sound, (1877–1878), Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 1640–1940, (Elsevier), pp.588–599, 2005.

  6. D G Tucker, The early history of amplitude modulation, sidebands and frequency-division-multiplex, Radio and Electronic Engineer, Vol.41, pp.43–47, 1971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Y Kuramoto, Diffusion-induced chaos in reaction systems, Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, Vol.64, pp.346–367, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. L M Pecora, T L Carroll, G A Johnson, D J Mar and J F Heagy, Fundamentals of synchronization in chaotic systems, concepts, and applications, Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, Vol.7, pp.520–543, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. J Yang, Y Wang, Y Yu, J Xiao and X Wang, Huygens’ synchronization experiment revisited: luck or skill?, European Journal of Physics, Vol.39, p.055004, 2018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. K Czolczynski, P Perlikowski, A Stefanski and T Kapitaniak, Huygens’ odd sympathy experiment revisited, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, Vol.21, pp.2047–2056. 2011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. S Strogatz and N Goldenfeld, Sync: The emerging science of spontaneous order, Physics Today, Vol.57, pp.59–60, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  12. V S Anishchenko and G Strelkova, Attractors of dynamical systems, 1st International Conference, Control of Oscillations and Chaos Proceedings, (Cat. No. 97TH8329) (IEEE), pp.498–503, 1997.

  13. A Jenkins, Self-oscillation, Physics Reports, Vol.525, pp.167–222, 2013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. H Zeng, M Lahikainen, L Liu, Z Ahmed, O M Wani, M Wang, H Yang and A Priimagi, Light-fuelled freestyle self-oscillators, Nature Communications, Vol.10, pp.1–9, 2019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. B Nath, N Kumari, V Kumar and K P Das, Refugia and allee effect in prey species stabilize chaos in a tri-trophic food chain model, Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems, pp.1–27, 2019.

  16. J Sprott, A dynamical system with a strange attractor and invariant tori, Physics Letters A, Vol.378, pp.1361–1363. 2014.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. A Pikovsky, J Kurths, M Rosenblum, and J Kurths, Synchronization: A Universal Concept Non-linear Sciences, Vol.12, Cambridge university press, 2003.

  18. E N Lorenz, Deterministic nonperiodic flow, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol.20, pp.130–141, 1963.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. R L Devaney, A First Course in Chaotic Dynamical Systems: Theory and Experiment, (CRC Press), 2018.

  20. P P Singh and H Handa, Tutorial and review on the synchronization of chaotic dynamical systems, International Journal of Advances in Engineering Science and Technology, (IJAEST), ISSN: pp.2319–1120), Vol.1, pp.28–34, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  21. H Kitajima, Y Noumi, T Kousaka and H Kawakami, Forced synchronization of coupled oscillators, IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, Vol.82, pp.700–703, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  22. A Arenas, A Daz-Guilera, J Kurths, Y Moreno and C Zhou, Synchronization in Complex Networks, Physics reports, Vol.469, pp.93–153, 2008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Nitu Kumari or Shubhangi Dwivedi.

Additional information

Nitu Kumari is Associate Professor at School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi. She holds a PhD in Applied Mathematics from the Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad. She studies non-linear dynamical behaviour in systems designed for various real world problems.

Shubhangi Dwivedi is a PhD Scholar at School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi. She studies synchronous behaviour of species in ecological networks.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumari, N., Dwivedi, S. Fundamental Concepts of Synchronization. Reson 25, 539–565 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12045-020-0969-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12045-020-0969-z

Keywords