Abstract
Commitment has a crucial role to play in underpinning long-term business relationships, and as such, is well established in the related academic literature. Limited research does, however, exist pertaining to the specific relationships between SMEs and their banks. This paper presents and assesses commitment relationship framework that seeks to evaluate such relationships. Various validated scale-sets from the existing studies are combined here to assess commitment, advocacy and repurchase intention. Data were collected from 199 SMEs via interviews with owners or senior (financial) managers. Their assessment involved exploratory factor analysis to determine underlying data structure, with internal reliability assessment of the identified factors. Commitment is established around two components; affective and calculative, whilst advocacy and repurchase intention converge into a single behavioural intentions factor. The two-dimensional presentation of commitment and behavioural intentions are also distinct. Originality lies in the validation of commitment and behavioural intention constructs within this specific business arena and geographical location, as well as showcasing research that involves engagement with smaller organisations rather than their larger counterparts in the consideration of bank performance.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Adamson, I., Chan, K-M. and Handford, D. (2003) Relationship marketing: Customer commitment and trust as a strategy for the smaller Hong Kong corporate banking sector. International Journal of Bank Marketing 21(6/7): 347–358.
Alford, D. (2010) Nigerian banking reform: Recent actions and future prospects. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1592599, accessed 02 March 2015.
Allen, N. and Meyer, J. (1997) Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research and Application. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Anderson, E. and Weitz, B. (1992) The use of pledges to build and sustain commitment in distribution channels. Journal of Marketing Research 29(2): 18–34.
Auh, S., Bell, S.J., McLeod, C.S. and Shih, E. (2007) Co-production and customer loyalty in financial services. Journal of Retailing 83(3): 359–370.
Aurier, P. and N’Goala, G. (2010) The differing and mediating roles of trust and relationship commitment in service relationship maintenance and development. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 38(3): 303–325.
Baas, T. and Schrooten, M. (2006) Relationship banking and SMEs: A theoretical analysis. Small Business Economics 27(2–3): 127–137.
Ball, D., Coelho, P.S. and Machás, A. (2004) The role of communication and trust in explaining customer loyalty: an extension to the ECSI model. European Journal of Marketing 38(9/10): 1272–1293.
Bansal, H.S. Irving, P.G. and Taylor, S.F. (2004) A three component model of customer commitment to service providers. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 32 (3): 234–250.
Beatty, E.S. Reynolds, S.M. Noble, M.S. and Harrison, P.M. (2012) Understanding the relationships between commitment and voice: Hypothesis, empirical evidence and directions for future research. Journal of Service Research 15(3): 296–315.
Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A. and Pería, M.S.M. (2011) Bank financing for SMEs: Evidence across countries and bank ownership types. Journal of Financial Services Research 39(1–2): 35–54.
Bell, S.J., Auh, S. and Smalley, K. (2005) Customer relationship dynamics: service quality and customer loyalty in the context of varying levels of customer expertise and switching costs. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 33(2): 169–183.
Bell, S.J. and Eisingerich, A.B. (2007) The paradox of customer education: customer expertise and loyalty in the financial services industry. European Journal of Marketing 41 (5/6): 466–486.
Bendapudi, N. and Berry, L.L. (1997). Customers’ motivations for maintaining relationships with service providers. Journal of retailing 73(1): 15–37.
Bennett, R.J. and Robson, P.J.A. (2005) The advisor-SMF client relationship: Impact, satisfaction and commitment. Small Business Economics 25(3): 255–271.
Berger, A.N. and Udell, G.F. (2006) A more complete conceptual framework for SME finance. Journal of Banking and Finance 30(11): 2945–2966.
Beerli, A., Martin, J.D. and Quintana, A. (2004) A model of customer loyalty in the retail banking market. European Journal of Marketing 38(1/2): 253–275.
Binks, M., Ennew, C. and Mowlah, A. (2006) The relationship between private businesses and their banks. International Journal of Bank Marketing 24(5): 346–355.
Bloemer, J. and Odekerken-Schröder, G. (2007) The psychological antecedents of enduring customer relationships: an empirical study in a bank setting. Journal of Relationship Marketing 6(1): 21–43.
Boulding, W., Kalra, A., Staelin, R. and Zeithaml, V.A. (1993) A dynamic process model of service quality: from expectations to behavioral intentions. Journal of Marketing Research 30(1): 7–27.
Cater, T. and Cater, B. (2010) Product and relationship quality influence on customer commitment and loyalty in B2B manufacturing relationships. Industrial Marketing Management 39(8): 1321–1333.
Cater, B. and Zabkar, V. (2009) Antecedents and consequences of commitment in marketing research services: The client’s perspective. Industrial Marketing Management 38(7): 785–797.
Colgate, M. and Lang, B. (2005) Positive and negative consequences of a relationship manager strategy: New Zealand banks and their small business customers. Journal of Business Research 58(2): 195–204.
Davis-Sramek, B., Droge, C., Mentzer, J.T. and Myers, M.B. (2009) Creating commitment and loyalty behaviour among retailers: what are the roles of service quality and satisfaction? Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 37(4): 440–454.
Dick, A.S. and Basu, K. (1994) Customer loyalty: toward an integrated conceptual framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 22(2): 99–113.
Dwyer, F.R., Schurr, P.H. and Oh, S. (1987) Developing buyer-seller relationships. The Journal of Marketing 51(2): 11–27.
Elyasiani, E. and Goldberg, L.G. (2004) Relationship lending: a survey of the literature. Journal of Economics and Business 56(4): 315–330.
Evanschitzky, H. and Wunderlich, M. (2006) An examination of moderator effects in the four-stage loyalty model. Journal of Service Research 8(4): 330–345.
Fullerton, G. (2003) When does commitment lead to loyalty? Journal of Service Research 5(4): 333–344.
Fullerton, G. (2005) How commitment both enables and undermines marketing relationships. European Journal of Marketing 39(11/12): 137–138.
Fullerton, G. (2011) Creating advocates: the roles of satisfaction, trust and commitment, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 18(1): 92–100.
Gilliland, D.I. and Bello, D.C. (2002) Two sides to attitudinal commitment: The effect of calculative commitment and loyalty commitment on enforcement mechanisms in distribution channels. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 30(1): 24–43.
Goodman, L.E. and Dion, P.A. (2001) The determinants of commitment in the distributor–manufacturer relationship. Industrial Marketing Management 30(3): 287–300.
Gounaris, S.P. (2005), Trust and commitment influences on customer retention: insights from business-to-business services. Journal of Business Research 58(2): 126–140.
Gremler, D.D. and Gwinner, P.K. (2000) Customer-employee rapport in service relationships. Journal of Service Research 3(1): 82–104.
Gruen, T.W., Summers, J.O. and Acito, F. (2000) Relationship marketing activities, commitment, and membership behaviors in professional associations. Journal of Marketing 64(3): 34–49.
Gustafsson, A. Johnson, M.D. and Roos, I. (2005) The effects of customer satisfaction, relationship commitment dimensions, and triggers on customer retention. Journal of Marketing 61(10): 210–218.
Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. and Anderson, R.E. (2010) Multivariate Data Analysis – A Global Perspective, 7th edn. New Jersey: Pearson Education.
Hutchinson, D., Wellington, W.J., Saad, M. and Cox, P. (2011) Refining value-based differentiation in business relationships: A study of the higher order relationship building blocks that influence behavioural intentions. Industrial Marketing Management 40(3): 465–478.
Jain, M., Khalil, S., Johnston, W.J., and Cheng, J.M.S. (2014) The performance implications of power–trust relationship: The moderating role of commitment in the supplier–retailer relationship. Industrial Marketing Management 43(2): 312–321.
Jones, T. Fox, G.L. Taylor, S.F. and Fabrigar, L.R. (2010) Service customer commitment and response. Journal of Services Marketing 24(1): 16–28.
Keh, T.H. and Xie, Y. (2009) Corporate reputation and customer behavioural intentions: the role of trust, identification and commitment. Industrial Marketing Management 38(7): 732–742.
Kelly, S.J. (2004) Measuring attitudinal commitment in business-to-business channels. Marketing Intelligence and Planning 22(6): 636–651.
Lam, S.Y., Shankar, V., Erramilli, M.K. and Murthy, B. (2004) Customer value, satisfaction, loyalty, and switching costs: an illustration from a business-to-business service context. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 32(3): 293–311.
Lehmann, E. and Neuberger, D. (2001) Do lending relationships matter? Evidence from bank survey data in Germany. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 45(4): 339–359.
Melancon, J.P., Noble, S.M. and Noble, C.H. (2011) Managing rewards to enhance relational worth. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 39 (3): 341–362.
Menon, K. and O’Connor, A. (2007) Building customers’ affective commitment towards retail banks: the role of CRM in each ‘moment of truth’. Journal of Financial Services Marketing 12(2): 157–168.
Meyer, J.P. and Allen, N.J. (1991) A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review 1(1): 61–89.
Mitręga, M., and Katrichis, J.M. (2010). Benefiting from dedication and constraint in buyer–seller relationships. Industrial Marketing Management 39(4), 616–624.
Moorman, C., Zaltman, G. and Deshpande, R. (1992) Relationships between providers and users of market research: Dynamics of trust within and between organizations. Journal of Marketing Research 29(3): 314–328.
Morgan, R.M. and Hunt, S.D. (1994) The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing, Journal of Marketing 58(3): 20–38.
National Bureau of Statistics and Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria. (2010) Survey report on micro, small and medium enterprises in Nigeria. www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/pages/download/67, accessed 20 April 2013.
Ogba, I.E. (2008) Commitment in the workplace: the impact of income and age on employee commitment in Nigerian banking sector. Management Research News 31(11): 867–878.
Ojeme M. Ogba, I.E., Robson A.J. and Coates N. (2013) A Model of Affective Commitment in Small and Medium Enterprise Relationship to Retail Banks in Nigeria (working paper). Academy of Marketing Conference, July 2013, working paper, Report number 85.
Oliver, R.L. (1999) Whence consumer loyalty? The Journal of Marketing 63(4): 33–44.
Palmatier, R.W., Dant, R.P., Grewal, D. and Evans, K.R. (2006). Factors influencing the effectiveness of relationship marketing: a meta-analysis. Journal of Marketing 70(4): 136–153.
Pritchard, M.P., Havitz, M.E. and Howard, D.R. (1999) Analyzing the commitment-loyalty link in service contexts. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 27(3): 333–348.
Rauyruen, P. and Miller, K.E. (2007) Relationship quality as a predictor of B2B customer loyalty. Journal of Business Research 60(1): 21–31.
Rauyruen, P., Miller, K.E. and Groth, M. (2009) B2B services: Linking service loyalty and brand equity. Journal of Services Marketing 23(3): 175–186.
Söderlund, M. (2006) Measuring customer loyalty with multi-item scales: A case for caution. International Journal of Service Industry Management 17(1): 76–98.
Tabachnick, G.B. and Fidell, S.L. (2013) Using Multivariate Statistics, 6th edn, Boston: Pearson.
Uchida, H. (2011) What do banks evaluate when they screen borrowers? Soft information, hard information and collateral. Journal of Financial Services Research 40(1–2): 29–48.
Vegholm, F. (2011) Relationship marketing and the management of corporate image in the bank-SME relationship. Management Research Review 34(3): 325–336.
Zeithaml, A.V., Berry, L.L. and Parasuraman, A. (1996) The behavioural consequences of service quality. Journal of Marketing 60(4): 31–46.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
See Table A1.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ojeme, M., Robson, A. & Coates, N. Nigerian SMEs: Commitment and loyalty to their banks. J Financ Serv Mark 21, 325–339 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-016-0009-y
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-016-0009-y