Abstract
Federated database systems allow users to query different autonomousdatabases with a single request. The answer to those requests mustbe found on the underlying databases. This answering process can beimproved if some data are cached within the federated databasesystem. The article presents an approach that allows the definitionof an optimal cache for a federated database system according to aset of parameters. We show the types of objects to be cached, thecost model used to decide which ones are worth caching and the methodto find the optimal set of objects to cache. Moreover, this approachcontinuously updates the set of parameter values and periodicallyredefines the optimal cache in order to reflect changes in the userrequirements or in the implementation features of the underlyingdatabases. The article also presents how cached data can be used toanswer a user query. Furthermore, the advantages of using a KnowledgeRepresentation System based on Description Logics in order to definean optimal cache for a federated database system are shown throughthe paper.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
S. Adali, K.S. Candan, Y. Papakonstantinou, and V.S. Subrahmanian. Query caching and optimization in distributed mediator systems. In Proceedings ACM SIGMOD-96, Montreal, Canada, 1996.
R. Ahmed, P. Smedt, W. Du, W. Kent, M. Ketabchi, and W.A. Litwin. The Pegasus heterogeneous multidatabase system. IEEE Computer, 24:19–27, December 1991.
R. Alonso, D. Barbará, and H. Garcia-Molina. Data caching issues in an information retrieval system. ACM TODS, 15:359–384, September 1990.
P.M.G. Apers, A.R. Hevner, and S.B. Yao. Optimization algorithms for distributed queries. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 9(1):57–68, 1983.
Y. Arens, C.Y. Chee, C. Hsu, and C.A. Knoblock. Retrieving and integrating data from multiple information sources. International Journal of Intelligent and Cooperative Information Systems, 2(2):127–158, 1993.
Y. Arens and C. A. Knoblock. Intelligent caching: Selecting, representing and reusing data in an information server. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management CIKM, 1994.
D. Bell and J. Grimson. Distributed Database Systems. Addison-Wesley, 1992.
E. Bertino, M. Negri, G. Pelagatti, and L. Sbatella. Integration of heterogeneous database applications through an object-oriented interface. Information Systems, 14(5), 1989.
J.M. Blanco, A. Illarramendi, and A. Goñi. Building a federated database system: an approach using a knowledge based system. International Journal of Intelligent and Cooperative Information Systems, 3(4):415–455, December 1994.
J.M. Blanco, A. Illarramendi, A. Goñni, and J. Bermúdez. Advantages of using a terminological system for integrating databases. In Proc. of the International Workshop on Description Logics. Bonn. Germany, 1994.
A. Borgida, R.J. Brachman, D.L. McGuinness, and L.A. Resnick. CLASSIC: A structural data model for objects. In Proceedings ACM SIGMOD-89, Portland, Oregon, 1989.
M. Buchheit, M. Jeusfeld, W. Nutt, and M. Staudt. Subsumption between queries to object-oriented databases. Information Systems, 19(1), 1994.
M.J. Carey, M.J. Franklin, M. Livny, and E.J. Shekita. Data caching tradeoffs in client-server DBMSarchitectures. In Proc. of 1991 ACM SIGMOD, May, 1991.
S. Ceri and G. Pelagatti. Distributed Databases: Principles and Systems. Mac Graw Hill, 1984.
S. Chawathe, H. Garcia-Molina, J. Hammer, K. Ireland, Y. Papakonstantinou, J. Ullman, and J. Widom. The TSIMMISproject: Integration of heterogeneous information sources. In Proceedings of IPSJ conference, Tokyo, Japan, 1994.
C. Collet, M. N. Huhns, and W. Shen. Resource integration using a large knowledge base in CARNOT. IEEE Computer, pages 55–62, December 1991.
B. Czejdo and M. Taylor. Integration of database systems using an object-oriented approach. In First International Workshop on Interoperability in Multidatabase Systems, April 1991.
U. Dayal. Query processing in a multidatabase system. In Query Processing in Database Systems, pages 81–108. Springer-Verlag, 1985.
A. Delis and N. Roussopoulos. Performance comparison of three modern DBMS architectures. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 19(2), February 1993.
W. Du, R. Krishnamurthy, and M. Shan. Query optimization in heterogeneous DBMS. In Proc. of the 18th VLDB Conference, 1992.
W.D. Du, M. Shan, and U. Dayal. Reducing multidatabase query response time by tree balancing. In Proc. of 1995 ACM SIGMOD, May, 1995.
A. Goñi, J.M. Blanco, and A. Illarramendi. Connecting knowledge bases with databases: a complete mapping relation. In Proc. of the 8th ERCIM Workshop. Trondheim, Norway, 1995.
H. Gupta. Selection of views to materialize in a data warehouse. In Proc. of Intern. Conference of Database Theory. Athens, Greece., 1997.
M. Keller and J. Basu. A predicate-based caching scheme for client-server database architectures. VLDB, 5:35–47, 1996.
W. Kim. Modern Database Systems. ACM press, 1995.
J. A. Larson, S. B. Navathe, and R. Elmasri. A theory of attribute equivalence in databases with application to schema integration. IEEE TOSE, SE-15(4), April 1989.
A.Y. Levy, A. Rajaram, and J.D. Ullman. Answering queries using limited external query processors. In Proc. of Symposium on principles of Database Systems (PODS). Montreal, Canada., 1996.
A.Y. Levy, D. Srivastava, and T. Kirk. Data model and query evaluation in global information systems. Journal of Intelligent Information Systems, 5(2):121–143, September 1995.
H. Lu, B. Ooi, and C. Goh. On global multidatabase query optimization. SIGMOD RECORD, 21(4):6–11, December 1992.
S. Navathe, S. K. Gala, and S.. Geum. Federated information bases: A loose-coupled integration of databases systems and application subsystems. In Proc. of the 4th. Database Symposium, 1989.
M. T. Ozsu and P. Valduriez. Distributed Databases: Principles and Systems. Prentice Hall, 1991.
C. Peltason, A. Schmiedel, C. Kindermann, and J. Quantz. The BACK system revisited. Technical University Berlin. KIT-Report 75, September 1989.
E. Pitoura, O. Bukhres, and A. Elmagarmid. Object orientation in multidatabase systems. ACM Computing Surveys, 27(2):141–195, June 1995.
M.A. Qutaishat, N.J. Fiddian, and W.A. Gray. Association merging in a schema meta-integration system for a heterogeneous object-oriented database environment. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science Proc. 10th British National Conference on Databases, 1992.
N. Roussopoulos. View indexing in relational databases. ACM TODS, 7:258–290, 1982.
N. Roussopoulos. The logical access path schema of a database. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 8:563–573, November 1982.
S. Sahni. Approximate algorithms for the 0/1 knapsack problem. Journal of the ACM, 22:115–124, January 1975.
K. Schild. A correspondence theory for terminological logics–preliminary report. In Proocedings IJCAI’91, Sidney, Australia, August 1991.
T. Sellis. Efficiently supporting procedures in relational database systems. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD Conference, 1987.
A.P. Sheth, S.K. Gala, and S.B. Navathe. On automatic reasoning for schema integration. International Journal of Intelligent and Cooperative Information Systems, 2(1):23–50, 1993.
S. Spaccapietra, C. Parent, and Y. Dupont. Model independent assertions for integration of heterogeneous schemas. VLDB, 1:81–126, 1992.
M. Stonebraker, A. Jhingran, J. Goh, and S. Potamianos. On rules, procedures, cahing and views in data base systems. In Proceedings ACM SIGMOD-90, 1990.
W. Sull and R. L. Kashyap. A self-organizing knowledge representation scheme for extensible heterogeneous information environment. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 4(2):185–191, April 1992.
D. Woelk, P. Cannata, M. Huhns, W.M. Shen, and C. Tomlinson. Using Carnot for enterprise information integration. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Information Systems, 1993.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Goñi, A., Illarramendi, A., Mena, E. et al. An Optimal Cache for a Federated Database System. Journal of Intelligent Information Systems 9, 125–155 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008699315030
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008699315030