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Measuring DNS over TLS from the Edge: Adoption, Reliability, and Response Times

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Passive and Active Measurement (PAM 2021)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCCN,volume 12671))

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Abstract

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a cornerstone of communication on the Internet. DNS over TLS (DoT) has been standardized in 2016 as an extension to the DNS protocol, however, its performance has not been extensively studied yet. In the first study that measures DoT from the edge, we leverage 3.2k RIPE Atlas probes deployed in home networks to assess the adoption, reliability, and response times of DoT in comparison with DNS over UDP/53 (Do53). Each probe issues 200 domain name lookups to 15 public resolvers, five of which support DoT, and to the probes’ local resolvers over a period of one week, resulting in 90M DNS measurements in total. We find that the support for DoT among open resolvers has increased by 23.1% after nine months in comparison with previous studies. However, we observe that DoT is still only supported by local resolvers for 0.4% of the RIPE Atlas probes. In terms of reliability, we find failure rates for DoT to be inflated by 0.4–32.2% points (p.p.) when compared to Do53. While Do53 failure rates for most resolvers individually are consistent across continents, DoT failure rates have much higher variation. As for response times, we see high regional differences for DoT and find that nearly all DoT requests take at least 100 ms to return a response (in a large part due to connection and session establishment), showing an inflation in response times of more than 100 ms compared to Do53. Despite the low adoption of DoT among local resolvers, they achieve DoT response times of around 140–150 ms similar to public resolvers (130–230 ms), although local resolvers also exhibit higher failure rates in comparison.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Repository: https://github.com/tv-doan/pam-2021-ripe-atlas-dot.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Alexander Niedrist (TUM), Johan ter Beest and Philip Homburg (RIPE NCC), and the volunteering RIPE Atlas probe hosts for their valuable support regarding our measurement study. We also thank our shepherd Timm Böttger and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful feedback and suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

    Trinh Viet Doan, Irina Tsareva & Vaibhav Bajpai

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  1. Trinh Viet Doan
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  2. Irina Tsareva
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  3. Vaibhav Bajpai
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Correspondence to Trinh Viet Doan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU), Cottbus, Germany

    Oliver Hohlfeld

  2. Telefonica Research, Barcelona, Spain

    Andra Lutu

  3. Iribe Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

    Dave Levin

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Doan, T.V., Tsareva, I., Bajpai, V. (2021). Measuring DNS over TLS from the Edge: Adoption, Reliability, and Response Times. In: Hohlfeld, O., Lutu, A., Levin, D. (eds) Passive and Active Measurement. PAM 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12671. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72582-2_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72582-2_12

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