Abstract
In the present study, CFRP/Ti6Al4V stacks were machined with abrasive water jet using different process parameters in order evaluate the viability of AWJ industrial application as a substitute of conventional drilling. The effect of the stack configuration, the traverse feed rate, the cutting tool (combination of orifice and focusing tube diameter and abrasive mass flow rate), and the pressure over the kerf profile, taper angle, and surface roughness has been analyzed through an ANOVA analysis and related to the physical parameters of the AWJ process. As a result, a positive taper angle is observed in Ti6Al4V while a negative is observed in CFRP in almost all cutting conditions. This leads to obtain an X-type or barrel-type kerf profile depending on the stack configuration. In addition, the surface roughness can be as low as 6.5 μm in both CFRP and Ti6Al4V materials at 95 mm/min when CFRP/Ti6Al4V configuration is used.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Liu DF, Tang YJ, Cong WL (2012) A review of mechanical drilling of composite laminates. Compos Struct 94:1265–1279
Park KH, Beal A, Kim D, Kwon P, Lantrip J (2011) Tool wear in drilling composite/Ti6Al4V stacks using carbide and polycrystalline diamond tools. Wear 271:2826–2835
Poutord A, Rossi F, Poulachon G, M'Saoubi R, Abrivard G (2013) Local approach of wear in drilling Ti6Al4V/CFRP for stack modelling. Procedia CIRP 8:316–321
SenthilKumar M, Prabukarthi A, Krishnaraj V (2013) Study on tool wear and chip formation during drilling carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)/ Ti6Al4V Alloy (Ti6Al4V) stacks. Procedia Eng 64:582–592
Abrao AM, Faria PE, Campos Rubio JC, Reis P, Paulo Davim J (2007) Drilling of fiber reinforced plastics: a review. J Mater Process Technol 186:1–7
Shetty PK, Shetty R, Shetty D, Rehanan NF, Jose TK (2014) Machinability study on dry drilling of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V using L9 orthoganal array. Procedia Mater Sci 5:2605–2614
Chen SL, Yan BH, Huang FY (1999) Influence of kerosene and distilled water as dielectrics on the electric discharge machining characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V. J Mater Process Technol 87:107–111
Banyo Padhyay S, Sarin S, Sundararajan JK, Joshi G (2002) Geometrical features and metallurgic characteristics of Nd.YAG laser drilled holes in thick IN718 and Ti-6Al-4V sheets. J Mater Process Technol 127:83–95
Escobar-Palafox G, Wika K, Gault RS, Ridgway K (2012) Characterisation of abrasive water-jet process for drilling CFRP-Ti6Al4V stack. 21st International Conference on Waterjetting, 19–21 Sept, Ottowa, Canada
Ibraheam HMA, Iqbal A, Hashemipour M (2015) Numerical optimization of hole making in GFRP composite using abrasive water jet machining. J Chin Inst Eng 38:66–76
R. Pahuja, M. Ramulu, M. Hashish (2014) Abrasive Water jet machining (AWJ) of Hybrid Titanium/Graphite composite laminate (TiGr): Preliminary results. Proceedings of 22nd International Conference on Water Jetting, 3–5 Sept, Haarlem, Netherlands
Seo YW, Ramulu M, Kim D (2003) Machinability of Titanium Alloy (Ti6Al4V) by abrasive waterjets. Proc Inst Mech Eng B J Eng Manuf 217:1709–1721
Arola D, Ramulu M (1996) A study of kerf characteristics in abrasive waterjet machining of graphite/epoxy composite. ASME J Eng Mater Technol 118:256–265
Ramulu M, Arola D (1994) The influence of abrasive waterjet cutting conditions on the surface quality of graphite/epoxy laminates. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 34:295–313
Arola D, Ramulu M (1997) Material removal in abrasive waterjet machining of metals, surface integrity and texture. Wear 210:50–58
Alberdi A, Suárez A, Artaza T, Escobar-Palafox GA, Ridgway K (2013) Composite cutting with abrasive waterjet. Procedia Eng 63:421–429
Ramulu M, Arola D (1993) Waterjet and abrasive waterjet cutting of unidirectional graphite epoxy. Composites 24:299–308
Boud F, Carpenter C, Folkes J, Shipway PH (2010) Abrasive waterjet cutting of a Ti6Al4V alloy: the influence of abrasive morphology and mechanical properties on workpiece grit embedment and cut quality. J Mater Process Tecnhol 210:2197–2205
Hascalik A, Caydas U, Gürün H (2007) Effect of traverse speed on abrasive waterjet machining of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Mater Des 28:1953–1957
Shanmugam DK, Nguyen T, Wang J (2008) A study of delamination on graphite/epoxy composites in abrasive waterjet machining. Compos Part A 39:923–929
Shanmugam DK, Wang J, Liu H (2008) Minimisation of kerf tapers in abrasive waterjet machining of alumina ceramics using a compensation technique. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 48:1527–1534
Shanmugam DK, Masood SH (2009) An investigation on kerf characteristics in abrasive waterjet cutting of layered composites. J Mater Process Technol 209:3887–3893
Wang J, Liu H (2006) Profile cutting on alumina ceramics by abrasive waterjet. Part 2: cutting performance models. Proc Inst Mech Eng C J Mech Eng Sci 220:715–725
Wang J (2007) Predictive depth of jet penetration models for abrasive waterjet cutting of alumina ceramics. Int J Mech Sci 49:306–316
Wang J (2009) A new model for predicting the depth of cut in abrasive waterjet contouring of alumina ceramics. J Mater Process Technol 209:2314–2320
Chen WL, Geskin ES (1990) Measurements of the velocity of abrasive waterjet by the use of laser transit anemometer. Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Jet Cutting Technolog, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp 23–36
Hashish M (2005) Precision cutting of thick materials with AWJ. Proceedings of 17th International Conference on Waterjetting, Mainz, Germany, pp 33–45
Alberdi A, Rivero A, Lopez de Lacalle LN, Etxeberria I, Suarez A (2010) Effect of process parameters on the kerf geometry in abrasive waterjet milling. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 51:467–480
Zeng J (2007) Determination of machinability and abrasive cutting properties in AWJ cutting. Proceedings of the 2007 American Waterjet WJTA Conference, Houston, USA: paper 3-B
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
About this article
Cite this article
Alberdi, A., Artaza, T., Suárez, A. et al. An experimental study on abrasive waterjet cutting of CFRP/Ti6Al4V stacks for drilling operations. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 86, 691–704 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-8192-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-8192-x