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Direct Formation of Lubricious and Wear-Protective Carbon Films from Phosphorus- and Sulfur-Free Oil-Soluble Additives

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Abstract

Extreme pressure (EP) lubricant additives form protective tribofilms at the site of contact using the heat and pressure of contact and relative motion. Common EP additives contain undesirable elements such as phosphorus and sulfur. A novel EP lubricant additive, which contains no phosphorus and sulfur, is presented for generating lubricious carbon films. The additive consists of a surface-active molecule with a metastable cycloalkane ring, which dissociates readily during tribological contact to form lubricious carbon films. Friction and wear performance of PAO4 with this additive under a range of loads and speeds were shown to be superior to that without the additive. Optical and scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to analyze the tribofilms formed on post-test contact surfaces, providing direct evidence for the formation of carbon films. Quantitative kinetics for the carbon tribofilm formation was analyzed as a function of temperature and stress, from which the activation energy for carbon tribofilm formation was obtained.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the support from the US National Science Foundation (Grant No. CMMI-1662606) and Northwestern University (the McCormick Research Catalyst Awards Fund Grant No. 10038293). This work made use of the Keck-II Facility of Northwestern University’s NUANCE Center, which has received support from the Keck Foundation, the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF ECCS-1542205), the Materials Research Center (NSF DMR-1121262), the McCormick Research Catalyst Awards Fund, Grant No. 10038293, and the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN) at Northwestern University. Hongxing Wu would also like to acknowledge the scholarship support from China Scholarship Council (CSC, No. 201606280181).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA

    Blake Johnson, Hongxing Wu, David Pickens & Q. Jane Wang

  2. Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA

    Michael Desanker

  3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA

    Yip-Wah Chung

  4. Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor Bearing Systems, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, People’s Republic of China

    Hongxing Wu

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  1. Blake Johnson
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Correspondence to Yip-Wah Chung or Q. Jane Wang.

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Johnson, B., Wu, H., Desanker, M. et al. Direct Formation of Lubricious and Wear-Protective Carbon Films from Phosphorus- and Sulfur-Free Oil-Soluble Additives. Tribol Lett 66, 2 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-017-0945-2

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