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A distributed clustering scheme with self nomination: proposal and application to critical monitoring

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Abstract

Clustering is a well known methodology to optimize the use of the resources, to lower the congestion and to improve the reliability in self-organized networks as the wireless sensor networks. This paper deals with the proposal of a novel clustering approach based on a low complexity distributed cluster head election based on a two-stage process. In particular, a suitable objective function is introduced in order to take into account the number of 1-hop neighbours (i.e., node degree) and the residual node energy. It is shown in the paper that the proposed protocol achieves remarkable performance improvements with respect to different alternatives, especially in the case of unpredictable scenarios. Moreover, the proposed protocol exhibits self-organize capabilities that are of special interest for critical monitoring applications, in particular when the effect of nodes mobility is significant.

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Notes

  1. Otherwise the node does not take part in the election.

  2. The factor is introduced in the case of fixed transmitted power levels. If power adaptation is enabled, an intra-cluster communication cost is adopted.

  3. Only in the case of group mobility model, flat routing outperforms hierarchical routing since the mobile nodes are well aggregated.

  4. This represents the typical situation of wide area dense WSNs.

  5. A proper resource management avoiding interference among potentially overlapping clusters and collector is supposed.

  6. The factor is introduced in case of fixed transmitted power levels. If power adaptation is enabled, an intra-cluster communication cost is adopted.

  7. In particular, according to [19] it can been assumed equal to 50 nodes.

  8. Some of the case studies under investigation are described in Sect. 4.

  9. The energy consumption model is introduced in Sect. 4.

  10. The nodes density is normalized to the coverage radius.

  11. This parameter is bounded by the overhead since only a subset of potential CHs can be actually elected.

  12. As a matter of fact, the most suitable candidate is the IEEE 802.15.4 standard.

  13. In the following this number has been assumed equal to 2.

  14. The minimum degree cost has been assumed for HEED [14].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Via di S. Marta 3, 50139, Florence, Italy

    Francesco Chiti, Romano Fantacci, Riccardo Mastandrea & Giovanni Rigazzi

  2. Departamento de Ingeniería Telemática, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain

    Álvaro Suárez Sarmiento & Elsa María Macías López

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  1. Francesco Chiti
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Correspondence to Francesco Chiti.

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Chiti, F., Fantacci, R., Mastandrea, R. et al. A distributed clustering scheme with self nomination: proposal and application to critical monitoring. Wireless Netw 21, 329–345 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-014-0785-z

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