Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2022
Objectives The aim of the present study was to analyze the moderating effect of maturation on the... more Objectives The aim of the present study was to analyze the moderating effect of maturation on the relationship between body fat and insulin resistance, in children from 9 to 12 years. Methods Maturity offset, homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body fat percentage (BF%) were estimated in 127 children. Skeletal maturation indicator (SMI) was estimated in 105 participants. A moderation analysis based on a linear regression and on Johnson-Neyman technique was performed using a 95% confidence level. Results BF%, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR values were lower in late maturers than on-time maturers (p<0.05). SMI moderated the relationship between BF% and HOMA-IR index in 11.1% of boys and in 32.5% of girls (p<0.05). Also, the highest values of HOMA-IR index were observed at −1 year to achieve the peak height velocity, in girls (p<0.05). Conclusions Maturation process has a moderation effect on the relationship BF% and insulin resistance, particu...
Skeletal age (SA) is considered the gold standard to assess the degree of maturation and has been... more Skeletal age (SA) is considered the gold standard to assess the degree of maturation and has been widely used in sports, education and public health areas; however, it requires sophisticated equipment and well-trained technicians. Therefore, it is important to develop non-invasive methods for its evaluation. The aim was to develop an equation to predict SA using the percentage of adult height. SA was measured by Tanner-Whitehouse-3 method, and the percentage of adult height was estimated by two methodologies: Tanner-Whitehouse-3 method (P-TW3) and Khamis-Roche method (P-KR) using 839 schoolchildren of both sexes. Linear regression was used for predicting SA from P-TW3; then P-TW3 was replaced in the equation for P-KR value. Bland–Altman graphs, interclass correlation coefficient and Kappa index were used as validation tests. Model showed a SA predictive capacity of 93.2% in boys and 96.8% in girls. The average differences between SA measured and SA predicted by P-TW3 was 0.0504 (± 0...
Background: Physical activity (PA) is beneficial, enhancing healthy development. However, one-thi... more Background: Physical activity (PA) is beneficial, enhancing healthy development. However, one-third of school-age children practicing sports regularly suffer from an injury. These injuries are associated with sex, chronological age, and PA level. Purpose: To identify the importance of age, PA level, and maturity as predictors of injury in Portuguese youth. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Information about injury and PA level was assessed via 2 questionnaires (LESADO RAPIL II) from 647 subjects aged 10 to 17 years. Maturity offset according to Mirwald (time before or after peak height velocity) and Tanner-Whitehouse III bone age estimates were used to evaluate maturation. Binary logistic regression and gamma regression were used to determine significant predictors of injury and injury rate. Results: Injury occurrence was higher for both sexes in recreational, school, and federated athletes (athletes engaged in sports that are regu...
Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: a) describir y comparar las habilidades específicas, morfol... more Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: a) describir y comparar las habilidades específicas, morfológicas, fisiológicas y psicológicas de los jugadores de balonmano pertenecientes a 2 equipos de distinto nivel, y b) identificar las variables diferenciadoras entre jugadores de equipos de balonmano, exitosos y menos exitosos. Fueron estudiados 34 jugadores profesionales de balonmano adultos (edad, 23,4 ± 4,7 años; talla, 182 ± 6,3 cm; masa corporal, 85,4 ± 11,4 kg), 18 de los cuales fueron clasificados como exitosos (edad, 23,0 ± 3,8 años), y 16 como menos exitosos (edad, 23,8 ± 5,5 años). Se tomaron las medidas de los participantes de acuerdo con 4 categorías de variables, es decir: morfo-lógicas (proporcionalidad, somatotipo y composición corporal), fisiológicas, habilidades específicas del balonmano (habilidades técnicas y perfil de inteligencia en el juego) y perfiles psicológicos. Se utilizaron los análisis de la varianza ANOVA y el de la multiva-rianza MANOVA (siendo el éxito la v...
Este estudo propõe avaliar o processo de maturação biológica de jovens sambistas, em suas relaçõe... more Este estudo propõe avaliar o processo de maturação biológica de jovens sambistas, em suas relações com a estratificação socioeconômica, com o crescimento e com a composição corporal, enfatizando o desenvolvimento durante a adolescência, que abrange a passagem da infância à idade adulta, assim como as suas diversas etapas intermediárias medidas através de um conjunto de parâmetros sexuais habitualmente assinalados. Com esse objetivo, foram avaliados a maturação sexual e seus mais importantes sinais físicos e sociais. Foram avaliadas 118 moças entre os 9 e 16 anos participantes da escola de samba Beija-Flor de Nilópolis. Para a determinação de algumas características de desenvolvimento maturacional, foram utilizadas as seguintes medidas: pilosidade axilar, idade da menarca pelos métodos retrospectivo e status quo, pilosidade púbica e desenvolvimento da mama através de auto-avaliação, segundo os critérios de Tanner7. Partindo dos resultados aqui apresentados, parece que: a idade média ...
This study aims to clarify the relationship between the birth quarters, biological maturity and p... more This study aims to clarify the relationship between the birth quarters, biological maturity and physical fitness (PF) in Under-15 youth soccer players. Each participant (n=133) was an Under-15 player from a top-elite soccer academy. The data collection period lasted 8 years (from Under-15 2002/2003 to 2009/2010 season). The athletes' birth dates were recorded and organized by birth quarters (Q1, first; Q2, second; Q3, third; Q4, fourth) and by semesters (S1, first; S2, second). Additionally recorded were each athlete's biological maturity (skeletal age, SA), anthropometric profile (stature; body mass; thigh, calf and upper arm girths), and fitness profile (10-m and 30-m sprint times; SJ; CMJ; shuttles in YYIR Test). Significant differences were found for (1) decimal age and SA by quarters (Q4-Q1, Q2) and semesters; and (2) stature (Q3-Q1, Q2, Q4; S1-S2), body mass (Q1-Q3; S1-S2), thigh girth (S1-S2), SJ (Q1-Q2) and sprint time (Q4-Q1, Q2; S1-S2). When maturity was considered...
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of body composition, particularly body fat pe... more The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of body composition, particularly body fat percentage (BF%) and fat-free mass (FFM), on physical fitness and players’ on-court performance in U-14 elite Portuguese basketball players. A total of 166 male basketball players (age, 13.80 ± 0.38 years) and 131 female basketball players (age, 13.57 ± 0.55 years) from under-14 (U-14) elite regional teams were evaluated. Differences between body composition groups, regarding physical tests and performance-related variables, adjusted for years at age peak velocity (YAPHV), were evaluated using ANCOVA tests, for male and female players. Results showed that: (i) low body fat male players jumped significantly higher and had more relative jumping power, were faster, and had better game performance than higher body fat male players, (ii) higher fat-free mass male players revealed significantly higher upper body strength and gained more rebounds than other players, (iii) higher body fat female p...
The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness
It&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s becoming increasingly apparent that sports can prese... more It&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s becoming increasingly apparent that sports can present danger in the form of injuries. The extent of this problem calls for preventive actions based on epidemiological research. Two questionnaires (LESADO and RAPIL II) were distributed in four schools to 651 subjects aged between 10 and 18 years, involved in different levels of physical activity (PA) - recreative sports, school sports, federated sports and no sports participation (except physical education classes). Bone age was evaluated through TW3 method and anthropometric measures according to ISAK. 247 subjects (37.9%) reported a sports injury during the previous 6 months. The most injured body areas were lower limbs (53.8%), followed by upper limbs (29.0%) and the type of injuries found was strains (33.7%), sprains (27.1%) and fractures (23.1%). The most frequent causes were direct trauma (51.9%), indirect trauma (29.5%) and overuse (12.7%). A high percentage was relapses and chronic injuries (40.9%). The OR for age group ≥16 years was 2.26 suggesting that those ≥16 years were 2.26 times more likely to have an injury than the younger subjects and concerning the PA level, school and federated sports subjects were 4.21 and 4.44 times more likely to have an injury than no sports participation subjects. Sports injuries in school age subjects were predominantly minor conditions where sprains and strains were the major injuries. They resulted mostly of trauma situations and lower and upper limbs were the most affected areas. Injury occurrence increased with age and was higher in school and federated athletes.
O presente artigo pretende avaliar a associação entre a maturidade, o desempenho académico (DA), ... more O presente artigo pretende avaliar a associação entre a maturidade, o desempenho académico (DA), a capacidade de raciocínio (CR) e o estatuto sócio-económico (ESE), numa amostra de 792 crianças (394 rapazes e 398 raparigas), com idades entre os 6 e os 13 anos. A maturidade foi calculadacom recurso à idade óssea (Tanner et al., 2001) e o DA foi obtido através de inquérito aos professores, resultados em testes de aferição e níveis alcançados no 2.º período lectivo. O ESE foi calculado através da Escala de Graffar (Graffar, 1958) e a CR foi obtida através da aplicação do teste das Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven (Raven, 1963). Os dados foram tratados com o programa SPSS 17.0 (p≤.05). Verificámos que o DA estava directamente relacionado com o ESE, que a CR dos rapazes era superior à das raparigas, que não existiam diferenças entre o DA dos rapazes e das raparigas nas diferentes classes de ESE, que os rapazes mais maturosobtinham resultados académicos superiores aos alcançados p...
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2022
Objectives The aim of the present study was to analyze the moderating effect of maturation on the... more Objectives The aim of the present study was to analyze the moderating effect of maturation on the relationship between body fat and insulin resistance, in children from 9 to 12 years. Methods Maturity offset, homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body fat percentage (BF%) were estimated in 127 children. Skeletal maturation indicator (SMI) was estimated in 105 participants. A moderation analysis based on a linear regression and on Johnson-Neyman technique was performed using a 95% confidence level. Results BF%, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR values were lower in late maturers than on-time maturers (p<0.05). SMI moderated the relationship between BF% and HOMA-IR index in 11.1% of boys and in 32.5% of girls (p<0.05). Also, the highest values of HOMA-IR index were observed at −1 year to achieve the peak height velocity, in girls (p<0.05). Conclusions Maturation process has a moderation effect on the relationship BF% and insulin resistance, particu...
Skeletal age (SA) is considered the gold standard to assess the degree of maturation and has been... more Skeletal age (SA) is considered the gold standard to assess the degree of maturation and has been widely used in sports, education and public health areas; however, it requires sophisticated equipment and well-trained technicians. Therefore, it is important to develop non-invasive methods for its evaluation. The aim was to develop an equation to predict SA using the percentage of adult height. SA was measured by Tanner-Whitehouse-3 method, and the percentage of adult height was estimated by two methodologies: Tanner-Whitehouse-3 method (P-TW3) and Khamis-Roche method (P-KR) using 839 schoolchildren of both sexes. Linear regression was used for predicting SA from P-TW3; then P-TW3 was replaced in the equation for P-KR value. Bland–Altman graphs, interclass correlation coefficient and Kappa index were used as validation tests. Model showed a SA predictive capacity of 93.2% in boys and 96.8% in girls. The average differences between SA measured and SA predicted by P-TW3 was 0.0504 (± 0...
Background: Physical activity (PA) is beneficial, enhancing healthy development. However, one-thi... more Background: Physical activity (PA) is beneficial, enhancing healthy development. However, one-third of school-age children practicing sports regularly suffer from an injury. These injuries are associated with sex, chronological age, and PA level. Purpose: To identify the importance of age, PA level, and maturity as predictors of injury in Portuguese youth. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Information about injury and PA level was assessed via 2 questionnaires (LESADO RAPIL II) from 647 subjects aged 10 to 17 years. Maturity offset according to Mirwald (time before or after peak height velocity) and Tanner-Whitehouse III bone age estimates were used to evaluate maturation. Binary logistic regression and gamma regression were used to determine significant predictors of injury and injury rate. Results: Injury occurrence was higher for both sexes in recreational, school, and federated athletes (athletes engaged in sports that are regu...
Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: a) describir y comparar las habilidades específicas, morfol... more Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: a) describir y comparar las habilidades específicas, morfológicas, fisiológicas y psicológicas de los jugadores de balonmano pertenecientes a 2 equipos de distinto nivel, y b) identificar las variables diferenciadoras entre jugadores de equipos de balonmano, exitosos y menos exitosos. Fueron estudiados 34 jugadores profesionales de balonmano adultos (edad, 23,4 ± 4,7 años; talla, 182 ± 6,3 cm; masa corporal, 85,4 ± 11,4 kg), 18 de los cuales fueron clasificados como exitosos (edad, 23,0 ± 3,8 años), y 16 como menos exitosos (edad, 23,8 ± 5,5 años). Se tomaron las medidas de los participantes de acuerdo con 4 categorías de variables, es decir: morfo-lógicas (proporcionalidad, somatotipo y composición corporal), fisiológicas, habilidades específicas del balonmano (habilidades técnicas y perfil de inteligencia en el juego) y perfiles psicológicos. Se utilizaron los análisis de la varianza ANOVA y el de la multiva-rianza MANOVA (siendo el éxito la v...
Este estudo propõe avaliar o processo de maturação biológica de jovens sambistas, em suas relaçõe... more Este estudo propõe avaliar o processo de maturação biológica de jovens sambistas, em suas relações com a estratificação socioeconômica, com o crescimento e com a composição corporal, enfatizando o desenvolvimento durante a adolescência, que abrange a passagem da infância à idade adulta, assim como as suas diversas etapas intermediárias medidas através de um conjunto de parâmetros sexuais habitualmente assinalados. Com esse objetivo, foram avaliados a maturação sexual e seus mais importantes sinais físicos e sociais. Foram avaliadas 118 moças entre os 9 e 16 anos participantes da escola de samba Beija-Flor de Nilópolis. Para a determinação de algumas características de desenvolvimento maturacional, foram utilizadas as seguintes medidas: pilosidade axilar, idade da menarca pelos métodos retrospectivo e status quo, pilosidade púbica e desenvolvimento da mama através de auto-avaliação, segundo os critérios de Tanner7. Partindo dos resultados aqui apresentados, parece que: a idade média ...
This study aims to clarify the relationship between the birth quarters, biological maturity and p... more This study aims to clarify the relationship between the birth quarters, biological maturity and physical fitness (PF) in Under-15 youth soccer players. Each participant (n=133) was an Under-15 player from a top-elite soccer academy. The data collection period lasted 8 years (from Under-15 2002/2003 to 2009/2010 season). The athletes' birth dates were recorded and organized by birth quarters (Q1, first; Q2, second; Q3, third; Q4, fourth) and by semesters (S1, first; S2, second). Additionally recorded were each athlete's biological maturity (skeletal age, SA), anthropometric profile (stature; body mass; thigh, calf and upper arm girths), and fitness profile (10-m and 30-m sprint times; SJ; CMJ; shuttles in YYIR Test). Significant differences were found for (1) decimal age and SA by quarters (Q4-Q1, Q2) and semesters; and (2) stature (Q3-Q1, Q2, Q4; S1-S2), body mass (Q1-Q3; S1-S2), thigh girth (S1-S2), SJ (Q1-Q2) and sprint time (Q4-Q1, Q2; S1-S2). When maturity was considered...
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of body composition, particularly body fat pe... more The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of body composition, particularly body fat percentage (BF%) and fat-free mass (FFM), on physical fitness and players’ on-court performance in U-14 elite Portuguese basketball players. A total of 166 male basketball players (age, 13.80 ± 0.38 years) and 131 female basketball players (age, 13.57 ± 0.55 years) from under-14 (U-14) elite regional teams were evaluated. Differences between body composition groups, regarding physical tests and performance-related variables, adjusted for years at age peak velocity (YAPHV), were evaluated using ANCOVA tests, for male and female players. Results showed that: (i) low body fat male players jumped significantly higher and had more relative jumping power, were faster, and had better game performance than higher body fat male players, (ii) higher fat-free mass male players revealed significantly higher upper body strength and gained more rebounds than other players, (iii) higher body fat female p...
The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness
It&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s becoming increasingly apparent that sports can prese... more It&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s becoming increasingly apparent that sports can present danger in the form of injuries. The extent of this problem calls for preventive actions based on epidemiological research. Two questionnaires (LESADO and RAPIL II) were distributed in four schools to 651 subjects aged between 10 and 18 years, involved in different levels of physical activity (PA) - recreative sports, school sports, federated sports and no sports participation (except physical education classes). Bone age was evaluated through TW3 method and anthropometric measures according to ISAK. 247 subjects (37.9%) reported a sports injury during the previous 6 months. The most injured body areas were lower limbs (53.8%), followed by upper limbs (29.0%) and the type of injuries found was strains (33.7%), sprains (27.1%) and fractures (23.1%). The most frequent causes were direct trauma (51.9%), indirect trauma (29.5%) and overuse (12.7%). A high percentage was relapses and chronic injuries (40.9%). The OR for age group ≥16 years was 2.26 suggesting that those ≥16 years were 2.26 times more likely to have an injury than the younger subjects and concerning the PA level, school and federated sports subjects were 4.21 and 4.44 times more likely to have an injury than no sports participation subjects. Sports injuries in school age subjects were predominantly minor conditions where sprains and strains were the major injuries. They resulted mostly of trauma situations and lower and upper limbs were the most affected areas. Injury occurrence increased with age and was higher in school and federated athletes.
O presente artigo pretende avaliar a associação entre a maturidade, o desempenho académico (DA), ... more O presente artigo pretende avaliar a associação entre a maturidade, o desempenho académico (DA), a capacidade de raciocínio (CR) e o estatuto sócio-económico (ESE), numa amostra de 792 crianças (394 rapazes e 398 raparigas), com idades entre os 6 e os 13 anos. A maturidade foi calculadacom recurso à idade óssea (Tanner et al., 2001) e o DA foi obtido através de inquérito aos professores, resultados em testes de aferição e níveis alcançados no 2.º período lectivo. O ESE foi calculado através da Escala de Graffar (Graffar, 1958) e a CR foi obtida através da aplicação do teste das Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven (Raven, 1963). Os dados foram tratados com o programa SPSS 17.0 (p≤.05). Verificámos que o DA estava directamente relacionado com o ESE, que a CR dos rapazes era superior à das raparigas, que não existiam diferenças entre o DA dos rapazes e das raparigas nas diferentes classes de ESE, que os rapazes mais maturosobtinham resultados académicos superiores aos alcançados p...
Uploads
Papers by Isabel Fragoso