Books by Leontiy Voitovycz
Leontij Voitovych.
HALYCH IN THE POLITICAL LIFE OF
EUROPE IN XI – XIV CENTURIES
Monograph is ded... more Leontij Voitovych.
HALYCH IN THE POLITICAL LIFE OF
EUROPE IN XI – XIV CENTURIES
Monograph is dedicated to the elucidation of relationships of Principality of Halych, Principality of Galicia-Volhynia and the Kingdom of Ruthenia with Byzantium, Kingdom of Hungary, Polish principalities, Lithuania and the German states in the XI – XIV centuries. The European chronicles and other sources, which weren’t involved previously for studying of this topic, and works of the Hungarian,
Polish, Czech and other foreign historians, including the latest research, were used in this work.
Controversial episodes, including participation of Galician and Galicia-Volhynian lords in War of the Austrian, Hungarian and Lithuanian Succession, the struggle for the throne of Cracow, Bulgarian and Byzantine feuds are dismantled in detail. Plots that are dedicated to the problems of specificity of Galician boyars, borders of the Galicia-Volhynia state, the coronation of King Danylo Romanovich are allocated separately.
For the first time, on mostly unknown or little-known facts the place and role of Principality of Halych, Principality of Galicia-Volhynia and the Kingdom of Ruthenia in the political life of Europe in XI – XIV centuries are shown.
Монографія присвячена висвітленню стосунків Галицького, Галицько-Волинського князівств та Королівства Русі з Візантією, Угорським королівством, польськими князівствами, Литвою та німецькими державами в ХІ–ХІV століттях. У роботі використані європейські хроніки та інші джерела, які для дослідження цієї теми раніше не залучалися, а також праці угорських, польських, чеських та інших зарубіжних істориків, включаючи найновіші
дослідження.
Vojtovych L. PRINCE LEV DANYLOVYCH
This study attempts to reproduce the real portrait of
Prince... more Vojtovych L. PRINCE LEV DANYLOVYCH
This study attempts to reproduce the real portrait of
Prince Leo Danylovych, who was depicted in the first part of
the Galicia-Volyn’ Chronicle as faithful comrade of his father,
brave warrior and skilful commander, but in the second part of
the Chronicle his image received negative traits of “dishonest
prince”. Historians only fragmentarily studied Leo’s image and
never managed to resolve this contradiction. The author of the
article involves some other sources, primarily Latin, previously
unnoficed by scholars and on the basis of this new data evaluates
episodes from the life of Prince Leo, especially his role in
complicated relations between Hungarian, Bohemian and German
kings, Polish princes and rulers of the Golden Horde, which
led him to participate in the War of The Austrian Succession,
the battle of Dürnkrut and the War of The Polish Succession.
The relations between Romanoviches, death of Lithuanian duke
Vaišvilkas and the territorial expansion are described in a new
way. The book also deals with domestic policy of Lev Danylovych
and situation within the Kingdom of Rus’ (Latin: Regnum Rusiae)
in the second half of XIII century.
Key words: Leo Danylovych, King Danylo, Bela IV, war for
Austrian heritage, Przemysl II Ottokar, Boleslav the Shy, Laslo
Kun, Rudolf I Habsburg, battle of Durnkurt.
LEONTIY VOITOVYCH. PRINCELI ERA IN RUS’: THE PORTRAITS OF RULING ELITES
This study is devoted to ... more LEONTIY VOITOVYCH. PRINCELI ERA IN RUS’: THE PORTRAITS OF RULING ELITES
This study is devoted to the ruling elites of Eastern Europe from the end of the ninth to the beginning of the sixteenth centuries. The focus is on the princes of the Rurikid and Gediminas dynasties, their composition and the role in social and political developments. Comprehensive genealogical tables of the princely lines are included.
Papers by Leontiy Voitovycz
Casimir III the Great and the fight for Romanovychi Heritage
ПОЛЬСКИЙ КОРОЛЬ КАЗИМИР ІІІ И БОРЬБА ЗА НАСЛЕДСТВО РОМАНОВИЧЕЙ
Л.В.Войтович
В статье проанализ... more ПОЛЬСКИЙ КОРОЛЬ КАЗИМИР ІІІ И БОРЬБА ЗА НАСЛЕДСТВО РОМАНОВИЧЕЙ
Л.В.Войтович
В статье проанализированы содержание термина “королевство Руси” как наследства Романовичей и названия Галицко-Волынского государства и принятая практика наследования престолов в этом государстве. Расмотрены династические права претендентов на это наследство, в частности Казимира ІІІ. Показано, какие политические обстоятельства и реалии толкнули польского короля на борьбу за наследство Романовичей. Также обращено внимание на причины формирования “Казимировской легенды” и ее реалии.
Ключовые слова: Казимир ІІІ, наследство Романовичів, королевство Руси, Любарт–Дмитрий Гедиминович, “Казимировская легенда”.
The Goths on the territory of Ukraine
Леонтій ВОЙТОВИЧ. САРМАТИ НА ЗЕМЛЯХ НИНІШНЬОЇ УКРАЇНИ: ПРОБЛЕМА ЛОКАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПЛЕМЕН
Стаття присвя... more Леонтій ВОЙТОВИЧ. САРМАТИ НА ЗЕМЛЯХ НИНІШНЬОЇ УКРАЇНИ: ПРОБЛЕМА ЛОКАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПЛЕМЕН
Стаття присвячена проблемі локалізації племен на землях нинішньої України в сарматський період (ІІ ст. до н. е. – ІІ ст. н. е.) на базі комплексу писемних та археологічних джерел. Спроби локалізації племен подані в динаміці їх розвитку на протязі досліджуваного періоду. Подана також європейська історіографія дискусійних проблем.
Войтович Л. О ВРЕМЕНИ ВКЛЮЧЕНИЯ ЗАКАРПАТЬЯ В СОСТАВ ГАЛИЦКО-ВОЛЫНСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВА
В статье подро... more Войтович Л. О ВРЕМЕНИ ВКЛЮЧЕНИЯ ЗАКАРПАТЬЯ В СОСТАВ ГАЛИЦКО-ВОЛЫНСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВА
В статье подробно анализируются время и обстоятельства включения части территории Закарпатья в состав Галицко-Волынского государства. На основании латиноязычных источников, которые ранее к изучению данной проблемы не привлекались обоснован вывод, что эти события произошли на заключительном этапе борьбы за наследие Бабенбергов, когда Венгрия и Галицко-Волынское государство находилось в противоположных лагерях.
Ключевые слова: Закарпатье, Венгрия, королевство Руси, Лев Данилович, Ласло Кун, Дюрнкрут
Vojtovych L. ON THE DATE OF THE INCLUSION OF TRANS-CARPATHIA INTO HALYCH-VOLYN’ STATE
The autor examines in detail the time and circumstances of the inclusion of Trans-Carpathia into Halych-Volyn’ State. Based on the Latin-sources, which have never been involved in the context, the paper justifies the conclusion that these events took place in the final stage of the struggle for the legacy of Babenberg when Hungary and Halych-Volyn’ State were in the opposing camps.
Keywords: Carpathians, Hungary, the kingdom of Rus’, Lev Danilovych, László Kun, Dürnkrut
The borders of the Kingdom of Galicia-Volynia
Leontiy Voytovych. DISCUSSION ON TNE EARLY STATE
The author of the article discuses the problem o... more Leontiy Voytovych. DISCUSSION ON TNE EARLY STATE
The author of the article discuses the problem of definition of the state and early stages of its development as it posed in modern historiography. Arguments in support of military government in Rus’, Scandinavia and other European lands back to the ninth century are provided. The author also focuses on some parallels in the development of early state in Scandinavia and Rus’.
Key words: Rus’, chiefdom, military government, viche, ting, husebyu, pohost.
Войтович Л.В. ОСТАННІ РОКИ КОРОЛЯ ДАНИЛА РОМАНОВИЧА.
Стаття присвячена останнім рокам життя і дія... more Войтович Л.В. ОСТАННІ РОКИ КОРОЛЯ ДАНИЛА РОМАНОВИЧА.
Стаття присвячена останнім рокам життя і діяльності короля Данила Романовича (1258–1264). Виділяються періоди війни з монголами і походу Бурундая та останньої еміграції в Угорщині. Розглядаються причини, які не дозволили Тевтонському Ордену та іншим християнським союзникам прийти на допомогу королю Данилу у 1260 р.
Ключові слова: король Данило Романович, Галицько-Волинська держава, Золота Орда, Бурундай, Тевтонський Орден.
Voytovych L. LAST YEARS OF KING DANYLO ROMANOVYCH
The article is focused on the last years of life and work of King Danylo Romanovycz (1258–1264)/ The periods of war with the Mongols and the campaing of Burundai and the exile to Hungary are selected. The reasons that prevented the Teutonic Knights and other Christian allies to help King Danylo in 1260 are discussed.
Keywords: King Danylo Romanovych, Galicia-Volyn state, Golden Horde, Burundai, the Teutonic Knights.
Voytovych L.V. The Teutonic Order in the foreign policy of the Galicia-Volyn’ principality.
The a... more Voytovych L.V. The Teutonic Order in the foreign policy of the Galicia-Volyn’ principality.
The autor of the article discusses the relations between the Galicia-Wolyn’ principality and the Teutonic Order from the end of the XIIth – to the last quarther of the XIVth centuries. The reasons for cooperation, the results of military alliances, trade and economie contacts are considered. Some of the established views on these topies are shown to be fallacious. The circumstances prevented the Teutonic Order to help Danylo Romanovych in the campaign of the yaer 1260 have been revealed of the first time.
Keywords: The Galicia-Volyn’ principality, the Teutonic Order, yatvyagi, prussi, the Golden Horde, Danylo Romanovych, Burundai, Torun.
Leontiy Voytovych. GALICIAN LAND AND BYZANTIUM IN THE XI-XIVth CENTURIES
This article outlines t... more Leontiy Voytovych. GALICIAN LAND AND BYZANTIUM IN THE XI-XIVth CENTURIES
This article outlines the development of the relations between Byzantium and the Principaly of Galicia (since 1199 Galicia-Volhynia)/ Preliminary results of the study on the contact zone in the Lower Dniester and the Danube are presented. The author focuses on the mutual interests of both parties in the region, the reasons behind the crisis in the relations and the involment of Yaroslav Volodymyrovych in the Bulgarian revolt, the resumption of the union under Roman Mstyslavytch and the help to Ivan Asen II in the contest for the Bulgarian throne, the fall of the contact zone under the control of the Horde.
Keywords: Byzantium, the Principality of Galicia, Lower Danube. Assen’s rebellion, Second Bulgarian kingdom, Nogai.
THE SUB-CARPATHIANS IN THE 2nd HALF OF THE Ist MILLENNIUM
A.D.: THE OLDEST PRINCIPALITI... more THE SUB-CARPATHIANS IN THE 2nd HALF OF THE Ist MILLENNIUM
A.D.: THE OLDEST PRINCIPALITIES
Lejntij VOJTOVYCH
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Department of the History of the Middle Ages and Byzantinistic
The problems of the ethnic and political history of Sub-Carpathians in the 2nd half of the Ist millennium A.D. remains under discussion. The poor sources, fragmentary archeological excavations, political and ideological clichas dominating the minds of many scholars, gave birth to a number of stereotypes and mistaken ideas. The works of European scholars, who precisely studied every piace of evidence, combined with the archeological materials, linguistic and ethnological data, form the base for the preliminary conclusions on the formation in the Sub-Carpathians the tribal union know as Great Horvatia; spereading of its territoty to the Trans-Carpathians on the South and to the Wisla, Odra, Zaale and White Elster on the West; two phases of migration of Horvatians to the Balkans; the causes of the separation of White Horvatia; the formation in the Sub- and Trans- Carpathians oldest principalities, their localization and history before inclusion of these territories in to Kyivan Rus’ and Hungary.
Key words: Dulibs, Horvatians, White Horvatians, Great Horvatia, principalities.
Poland, Mazovia, Lithuania and Hungary in the struggle for Romanovichi HERITAGE
The fight of Liubartas for the renewal of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
The Galician Kingdom on the Lower Danube region
Uploads
Books by Leontiy Voitovycz
HALYCH IN THE POLITICAL LIFE OF
EUROPE IN XI – XIV CENTURIES
Monograph is dedicated to the elucidation of relationships of Principality of Halych, Principality of Galicia-Volhynia and the Kingdom of Ruthenia with Byzantium, Kingdom of Hungary, Polish principalities, Lithuania and the German states in the XI – XIV centuries. The European chronicles and other sources, which weren’t involved previously for studying of this topic, and works of the Hungarian,
Polish, Czech and other foreign historians, including the latest research, were used in this work.
Controversial episodes, including participation of Galician and Galicia-Volhynian lords in War of the Austrian, Hungarian and Lithuanian Succession, the struggle for the throne of Cracow, Bulgarian and Byzantine feuds are dismantled in detail. Plots that are dedicated to the problems of specificity of Galician boyars, borders of the Galicia-Volhynia state, the coronation of King Danylo Romanovich are allocated separately.
For the first time, on mostly unknown or little-known facts the place and role of Principality of Halych, Principality of Galicia-Volhynia and the Kingdom of Ruthenia in the political life of Europe in XI – XIV centuries are shown.
Монографія присвячена висвітленню стосунків Галицького, Галицько-Волинського князівств та Королівства Русі з Візантією, Угорським королівством, польськими князівствами, Литвою та німецькими державами в ХІ–ХІV століттях. У роботі використані європейські хроніки та інші джерела, які для дослідження цієї теми раніше не залучалися, а також праці угорських, польських, чеських та інших зарубіжних істориків, включаючи найновіші
дослідження.
This study attempts to reproduce the real portrait of
Prince Leo Danylovych, who was depicted in the first part of
the Galicia-Volyn’ Chronicle as faithful comrade of his father,
brave warrior and skilful commander, but in the second part of
the Chronicle his image received negative traits of “dishonest
prince”. Historians only fragmentarily studied Leo’s image and
never managed to resolve this contradiction. The author of the
article involves some other sources, primarily Latin, previously
unnoficed by scholars and on the basis of this new data evaluates
episodes from the life of Prince Leo, especially his role in
complicated relations between Hungarian, Bohemian and German
kings, Polish princes and rulers of the Golden Horde, which
led him to participate in the War of The Austrian Succession,
the battle of Dürnkrut and the War of The Polish Succession.
The relations between Romanoviches, death of Lithuanian duke
Vaišvilkas and the territorial expansion are described in a new
way. The book also deals with domestic policy of Lev Danylovych
and situation within the Kingdom of Rus’ (Latin: Regnum Rusiae)
in the second half of XIII century.
Key words: Leo Danylovych, King Danylo, Bela IV, war for
Austrian heritage, Przemysl II Ottokar, Boleslav the Shy, Laslo
Kun, Rudolf I Habsburg, battle of Durnkurt.
This study is devoted to the ruling elites of Eastern Europe from the end of the ninth to the beginning of the sixteenth centuries. The focus is on the princes of the Rurikid and Gediminas dynasties, their composition and the role in social and political developments. Comprehensive genealogical tables of the princely lines are included.
Papers by Leontiy Voitovycz
Л.В.Войтович
В статье проанализированы содержание термина “королевство Руси” как наследства Романовичей и названия Галицко-Волынского государства и принятая практика наследования престолов в этом государстве. Расмотрены династические права претендентов на это наследство, в частности Казимира ІІІ. Показано, какие политические обстоятельства и реалии толкнули польского короля на борьбу за наследство Романовичей. Также обращено внимание на причины формирования “Казимировской легенды” и ее реалии.
Ключовые слова: Казимир ІІІ, наследство Романовичів, королевство Руси, Любарт–Дмитрий Гедиминович, “Казимировская легенда”.
Стаття присвячена проблемі локалізації племен на землях нинішньої України в сарматський період (ІІ ст. до н. е. – ІІ ст. н. е.) на базі комплексу писемних та археологічних джерел. Спроби локалізації племен подані в динаміці їх розвитку на протязі досліджуваного періоду. Подана також європейська історіографія дискусійних проблем.
В статье подробно анализируются время и обстоятельства включения части территории Закарпатья в состав Галицко-Волынского государства. На основании латиноязычных источников, которые ранее к изучению данной проблемы не привлекались обоснован вывод, что эти события произошли на заключительном этапе борьбы за наследие Бабенбергов, когда Венгрия и Галицко-Волынское государство находилось в противоположных лагерях.
Ключевые слова: Закарпатье, Венгрия, королевство Руси, Лев Данилович, Ласло Кун, Дюрнкрут
Vojtovych L. ON THE DATE OF THE INCLUSION OF TRANS-CARPATHIA INTO HALYCH-VOLYN’ STATE
The autor examines in detail the time and circumstances of the inclusion of Trans-Carpathia into Halych-Volyn’ State. Based on the Latin-sources, which have never been involved in the context, the paper justifies the conclusion that these events took place in the final stage of the struggle for the legacy of Babenberg when Hungary and Halych-Volyn’ State were in the opposing camps.
Keywords: Carpathians, Hungary, the kingdom of Rus’, Lev Danilovych, László Kun, Dürnkrut
The author of the article discuses the problem of definition of the state and early stages of its development as it posed in modern historiography. Arguments in support of military government in Rus’, Scandinavia and other European lands back to the ninth century are provided. The author also focuses on some parallels in the development of early state in Scandinavia and Rus’.
Key words: Rus’, chiefdom, military government, viche, ting, husebyu, pohost.
Стаття присвячена останнім рокам життя і діяльності короля Данила Романовича (1258–1264). Виділяються періоди війни з монголами і походу Бурундая та останньої еміграції в Угорщині. Розглядаються причини, які не дозволили Тевтонському Ордену та іншим християнським союзникам прийти на допомогу королю Данилу у 1260 р.
Ключові слова: король Данило Романович, Галицько-Волинська держава, Золота Орда, Бурундай, Тевтонський Орден.
Voytovych L. LAST YEARS OF KING DANYLO ROMANOVYCH
The article is focused on the last years of life and work of King Danylo Romanovycz (1258–1264)/ The periods of war with the Mongols and the campaing of Burundai and the exile to Hungary are selected. The reasons that prevented the Teutonic Knights and other Christian allies to help King Danylo in 1260 are discussed.
Keywords: King Danylo Romanovych, Galicia-Volyn state, Golden Horde, Burundai, the Teutonic Knights.
The autor of the article discusses the relations between the Galicia-Wolyn’ principality and the Teutonic Order from the end of the XIIth – to the last quarther of the XIVth centuries. The reasons for cooperation, the results of military alliances, trade and economie contacts are considered. Some of the established views on these topies are shown to be fallacious. The circumstances prevented the Teutonic Order to help Danylo Romanovych in the campaign of the yaer 1260 have been revealed of the first time.
Keywords: The Galicia-Volyn’ principality, the Teutonic Order, yatvyagi, prussi, the Golden Horde, Danylo Romanovych, Burundai, Torun.
This article outlines the development of the relations between Byzantium and the Principaly of Galicia (since 1199 Galicia-Volhynia)/ Preliminary results of the study on the contact zone in the Lower Dniester and the Danube are presented. The author focuses on the mutual interests of both parties in the region, the reasons behind the crisis in the relations and the involment of Yaroslav Volodymyrovych in the Bulgarian revolt, the resumption of the union under Roman Mstyslavytch and the help to Ivan Asen II in the contest for the Bulgarian throne, the fall of the contact zone under the control of the Horde.
Keywords: Byzantium, the Principality of Galicia, Lower Danube. Assen’s rebellion, Second Bulgarian kingdom, Nogai.
A.D.: THE OLDEST PRINCIPALITIES
Lejntij VOJTOVYCH
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Department of the History of the Middle Ages and Byzantinistic
The problems of the ethnic and political history of Sub-Carpathians in the 2nd half of the Ist millennium A.D. remains under discussion. The poor sources, fragmentary archeological excavations, political and ideological clichas dominating the minds of many scholars, gave birth to a number of stereotypes and mistaken ideas. The works of European scholars, who precisely studied every piace of evidence, combined with the archeological materials, linguistic and ethnological data, form the base for the preliminary conclusions on the formation in the Sub-Carpathians the tribal union know as Great Horvatia; spereading of its territoty to the Trans-Carpathians on the South and to the Wisla, Odra, Zaale and White Elster on the West; two phases of migration of Horvatians to the Balkans; the causes of the separation of White Horvatia; the formation in the Sub- and Trans- Carpathians oldest principalities, their localization and history before inclusion of these territories in to Kyivan Rus’ and Hungary.
Key words: Dulibs, Horvatians, White Horvatians, Great Horvatia, principalities.
HALYCH IN THE POLITICAL LIFE OF
EUROPE IN XI – XIV CENTURIES
Monograph is dedicated to the elucidation of relationships of Principality of Halych, Principality of Galicia-Volhynia and the Kingdom of Ruthenia with Byzantium, Kingdom of Hungary, Polish principalities, Lithuania and the German states in the XI – XIV centuries. The European chronicles and other sources, which weren’t involved previously for studying of this topic, and works of the Hungarian,
Polish, Czech and other foreign historians, including the latest research, were used in this work.
Controversial episodes, including participation of Galician and Galicia-Volhynian lords in War of the Austrian, Hungarian and Lithuanian Succession, the struggle for the throne of Cracow, Bulgarian and Byzantine feuds are dismantled in detail. Plots that are dedicated to the problems of specificity of Galician boyars, borders of the Galicia-Volhynia state, the coronation of King Danylo Romanovich are allocated separately.
For the first time, on mostly unknown or little-known facts the place and role of Principality of Halych, Principality of Galicia-Volhynia and the Kingdom of Ruthenia in the political life of Europe in XI – XIV centuries are shown.
Монографія присвячена висвітленню стосунків Галицького, Галицько-Волинського князівств та Королівства Русі з Візантією, Угорським королівством, польськими князівствами, Литвою та німецькими державами в ХІ–ХІV століттях. У роботі використані європейські хроніки та інші джерела, які для дослідження цієї теми раніше не залучалися, а також праці угорських, польських, чеських та інших зарубіжних істориків, включаючи найновіші
дослідження.
This study attempts to reproduce the real portrait of
Prince Leo Danylovych, who was depicted in the first part of
the Galicia-Volyn’ Chronicle as faithful comrade of his father,
brave warrior and skilful commander, but in the second part of
the Chronicle his image received negative traits of “dishonest
prince”. Historians only fragmentarily studied Leo’s image and
never managed to resolve this contradiction. The author of the
article involves some other sources, primarily Latin, previously
unnoficed by scholars and on the basis of this new data evaluates
episodes from the life of Prince Leo, especially his role in
complicated relations between Hungarian, Bohemian and German
kings, Polish princes and rulers of the Golden Horde, which
led him to participate in the War of The Austrian Succession,
the battle of Dürnkrut and the War of The Polish Succession.
The relations between Romanoviches, death of Lithuanian duke
Vaišvilkas and the territorial expansion are described in a new
way. The book also deals with domestic policy of Lev Danylovych
and situation within the Kingdom of Rus’ (Latin: Regnum Rusiae)
in the second half of XIII century.
Key words: Leo Danylovych, King Danylo, Bela IV, war for
Austrian heritage, Przemysl II Ottokar, Boleslav the Shy, Laslo
Kun, Rudolf I Habsburg, battle of Durnkurt.
This study is devoted to the ruling elites of Eastern Europe from the end of the ninth to the beginning of the sixteenth centuries. The focus is on the princes of the Rurikid and Gediminas dynasties, their composition and the role in social and political developments. Comprehensive genealogical tables of the princely lines are included.
Л.В.Войтович
В статье проанализированы содержание термина “королевство Руси” как наследства Романовичей и названия Галицко-Волынского государства и принятая практика наследования престолов в этом государстве. Расмотрены династические права претендентов на это наследство, в частности Казимира ІІІ. Показано, какие политические обстоятельства и реалии толкнули польского короля на борьбу за наследство Романовичей. Также обращено внимание на причины формирования “Казимировской легенды” и ее реалии.
Ключовые слова: Казимир ІІІ, наследство Романовичів, королевство Руси, Любарт–Дмитрий Гедиминович, “Казимировская легенда”.
Стаття присвячена проблемі локалізації племен на землях нинішньої України в сарматський період (ІІ ст. до н. е. – ІІ ст. н. е.) на базі комплексу писемних та археологічних джерел. Спроби локалізації племен подані в динаміці їх розвитку на протязі досліджуваного періоду. Подана також європейська історіографія дискусійних проблем.
В статье подробно анализируются время и обстоятельства включения части территории Закарпатья в состав Галицко-Волынского государства. На основании латиноязычных источников, которые ранее к изучению данной проблемы не привлекались обоснован вывод, что эти события произошли на заключительном этапе борьбы за наследие Бабенбергов, когда Венгрия и Галицко-Волынское государство находилось в противоположных лагерях.
Ключевые слова: Закарпатье, Венгрия, королевство Руси, Лев Данилович, Ласло Кун, Дюрнкрут
Vojtovych L. ON THE DATE OF THE INCLUSION OF TRANS-CARPATHIA INTO HALYCH-VOLYN’ STATE
The autor examines in detail the time and circumstances of the inclusion of Trans-Carpathia into Halych-Volyn’ State. Based on the Latin-sources, which have never been involved in the context, the paper justifies the conclusion that these events took place in the final stage of the struggle for the legacy of Babenberg when Hungary and Halych-Volyn’ State were in the opposing camps.
Keywords: Carpathians, Hungary, the kingdom of Rus’, Lev Danilovych, László Kun, Dürnkrut
The author of the article discuses the problem of definition of the state and early stages of its development as it posed in modern historiography. Arguments in support of military government in Rus’, Scandinavia and other European lands back to the ninth century are provided. The author also focuses on some parallels in the development of early state in Scandinavia and Rus’.
Key words: Rus’, chiefdom, military government, viche, ting, husebyu, pohost.
Стаття присвячена останнім рокам життя і діяльності короля Данила Романовича (1258–1264). Виділяються періоди війни з монголами і походу Бурундая та останньої еміграції в Угорщині. Розглядаються причини, які не дозволили Тевтонському Ордену та іншим християнським союзникам прийти на допомогу королю Данилу у 1260 р.
Ключові слова: король Данило Романович, Галицько-Волинська держава, Золота Орда, Бурундай, Тевтонський Орден.
Voytovych L. LAST YEARS OF KING DANYLO ROMANOVYCH
The article is focused on the last years of life and work of King Danylo Romanovycz (1258–1264)/ The periods of war with the Mongols and the campaing of Burundai and the exile to Hungary are selected. The reasons that prevented the Teutonic Knights and other Christian allies to help King Danylo in 1260 are discussed.
Keywords: King Danylo Romanovych, Galicia-Volyn state, Golden Horde, Burundai, the Teutonic Knights.
The autor of the article discusses the relations between the Galicia-Wolyn’ principality and the Teutonic Order from the end of the XIIth – to the last quarther of the XIVth centuries. The reasons for cooperation, the results of military alliances, trade and economie contacts are considered. Some of the established views on these topies are shown to be fallacious. The circumstances prevented the Teutonic Order to help Danylo Romanovych in the campaign of the yaer 1260 have been revealed of the first time.
Keywords: The Galicia-Volyn’ principality, the Teutonic Order, yatvyagi, prussi, the Golden Horde, Danylo Romanovych, Burundai, Torun.
This article outlines the development of the relations between Byzantium and the Principaly of Galicia (since 1199 Galicia-Volhynia)/ Preliminary results of the study on the contact zone in the Lower Dniester and the Danube are presented. The author focuses on the mutual interests of both parties in the region, the reasons behind the crisis in the relations and the involment of Yaroslav Volodymyrovych in the Bulgarian revolt, the resumption of the union under Roman Mstyslavytch and the help to Ivan Asen II in the contest for the Bulgarian throne, the fall of the contact zone under the control of the Horde.
Keywords: Byzantium, the Principality of Galicia, Lower Danube. Assen’s rebellion, Second Bulgarian kingdom, Nogai.
A.D.: THE OLDEST PRINCIPALITIES
Lejntij VOJTOVYCH
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Department of the History of the Middle Ages and Byzantinistic
The problems of the ethnic and political history of Sub-Carpathians in the 2nd half of the Ist millennium A.D. remains under discussion. The poor sources, fragmentary archeological excavations, political and ideological clichas dominating the minds of many scholars, gave birth to a number of stereotypes and mistaken ideas. The works of European scholars, who precisely studied every piace of evidence, combined with the archeological materials, linguistic and ethnological data, form the base for the preliminary conclusions on the formation in the Sub-Carpathians the tribal union know as Great Horvatia; spereading of its territoty to the Trans-Carpathians on the South and to the Wisla, Odra, Zaale and White Elster on the West; two phases of migration of Horvatians to the Balkans; the causes of the separation of White Horvatia; the formation in the Sub- and Trans- Carpathians oldest principalities, their localization and history before inclusion of these territories in to Kyivan Rus’ and Hungary.
Key words: Dulibs, Horvatians, White Horvatians, Great Horvatia, principalities.