Herbivory and burrowing by nutria (Myocastor coypus) cause substantial ecological and economic da... more Herbivory and burrowing by nutria (Myocastor coypus) cause substantial ecological and economic damage. Trapping is a common, effective practice for reducing nutria damage; however, trapping approaches must continually be adapted to keep pace with evolving animal welfare and ethical issues and to more effectively target pest species of interest. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of 2 nonlethal trap types for nutria: single-capture (SCT) and multi-capture (MCT) cage traps. We established 3 MCTs and 3 SCTs at each of 7 sites on a 10,500-ha mixed-use island located 15 km northwest of Portland, Oregon, USA. We prebaited using carrots, apples, and sweet potatoes for ≥3 consecutive days before trapping. We checked traps daily, and an infrared motion camera was established near each MCT to document activity. We captured 26 nutria over 724 trap nights, and all captures occurred at 4 sites. Nutria captured by MCTs were larger (6.38 ± 1.68 [SD] kg, n = 10) than nutria captured by SCTs...
Frog eggs of three different species were presented to giant apple snails (Pomacea maculata) to d... more Frog eggs of three different species were presented to giant apple snails (Pomacea maculata) to determine if the snails will eat the eggs. There were four treatments: control-eggs in water only; control with lettuce-eggs in water and lettuce which was used as snail food; snail-eggs in water with snail; and snail with lettuce-eggs in water with snails and lettuce (as an alternative food for the snail). Eggs were counted at the start and end of the experiment, and if a egg hatched to a tadpole, the tadpoles were counted as well.
Pomacea maculata is a relatively new invasive species to the Gulf Coast region and potentially th... more Pomacea maculata is a relatively new invasive species to the Gulf Coast region and potentially threatens local agriculture (rice) and ecosystems (aquatic vegetation). The population dynamics of Pomacea maculata have largely been unquantified. We directly measured the growth rates of individually marked snails grown in a common tank to quantify their growth patterns. But due to large intraand interindividual variability and sample size, we were not able to get statistically supported estimates (i.e., tight confidence intervals) on overall growth dynamics. However, we were able to use a model comparison statistic to determine that there are distinct growth stages. Further, these data strongly suggest that male and female growth dynamics are notably different. We designed additional lab experiments and field studies; currently we are doing simulation studies and parameter estimations based on observed variability from the data we are collecting.
Snail weights and lengths for an apple snail growth study. Large snails were individually weighed... more Snail weights and lengths for an apple snail growth study. Large snails were individually weighed to the 100th of a gram and measured to 10th of a mm. Smaller snails were weighed in groups of variable number and then the average weight of the snails in the group recorded. Age of the snails is from hatching data.
Established populations of introduced Pomacea maculata, a highly fecund, large species of apple s... more Established populations of introduced Pomacea maculata, a highly fecund, large species of apple snail native to South America, now occur throughout southeast Asia, in Spain and extensively across the southern United States. Substantial research on nonnative apple snails takes place in Southeast Asia and has frequently identified apple snails as P. canaliculata. That these Asian populations represent at least two Pomacea species, P. canaliculata and P. maculata, has been confirmed through anatomical and genetic evidence. However, the two species are often still confused because of their similar shell morphologies and life history traits. This contribution reviews the distribution, life history, ecology and management of P. maculata introduced to the southern USA. So
We conducted a literature review of coypu (Myocastor coypus) introduction and eradication efforts... more We conducted a literature review of coypu (Myocastor coypus) introduction and eradication efforts worldwide. The coypu (also called nutria) has been introduced from its origins in South America to every continent except Australia and Antarctica. While perceived in some regions as a valuable resource, in most regions the animals are considered a pest species. Coypus have caused damage to water control structures, crops, and marsh systems and are considered a disease host. Eradication efforts have met with varying degrees of success. For those efforts to be successful, the coypu populations must be isolated to prevent reintroduction, harsh winters are necessary to reduce their populations, and intensive trapping efforts must be sustained until the last coypu has been removed.
To determine trends in either frog distribution or abundance in the State of Louisiana, we review... more To determine trends in either frog distribution or abundance in the State of Louisiana, we reviewed and analyzed frog call data from the Louisiana Amphibian Monitoring Program (LAMP). The data were collected between 1997 and 2017 using North American Amphibian Monitoring Program protocols. Louisiana was divided into three survey regions for administration and analysis: the Florida Parishes, and 2 areas west of the Florida parishes called North and South. Fifty-four routes were surveyed with over 12,792 stops and 1,066 hours of observation. Observers heard 26 species of the 31 species reported to be in Louisiana. Three of the species not heard were natives with ranges that did not overlap with survey routes. The other two species were introduced species, the Rio Grande Chirping Frog (Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides) and the Cuban Treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis). Both seem to be limited to urban areas with little to no route coverage. The 15 most commonly occurring species wer...
... Jacoby Carter and Billy P. Leonard ... For those efforts to be successful, the coypu populati... more ... Jacoby Carter and Billy P. Leonard ... For those efforts to be successful, the coypu populations must be iso-lated to prevent reintroduction, harsh winters are necessary to reduce their populations, and intensive trapping efforts must be sustained until the last coypu has been ...
Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, Jan 21, 2015
Pomacea maculata (formerly P. insularum), an apple snail native to South America, was discovered ... more Pomacea maculata (formerly P. insularum), an apple snail native to South America, was discovered in Louisiana in 2008. These snails strip vegetation, reproduce at tremendous rates, and have reduced rice production and caused ecosystem changes in Asia. In this pilot study snails were exposed to two molluscicides, a tea (Camellia sinensis) seed derivative (TSD) or niclosamide monohydrate (Pestanal(®), 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide, CAS #73360-56-2). Mortality was recorded after exposure to high or low concentrations (0.03 and 0.015 g/L for TSD, 1.3 and 0.13 mg/L for niclosamide). The TSD induced 100 % mortality at both concentrations. Niclosamide caused 100 % and 17 % mortality at high and low concentrations respectively. These molluscicides were also tested on potential biocontrol agents, the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus). No crayfish mortalities occurred at either concentration for either chemical, but sunfish experi...
I attempted to assess the effectiveness of the BEHAVE model for predicting observed fire behavior... more I attempted to assess the effectiveness of the BEHAVE model for predicting observed fire behavior during the 1998 fire season in North and Central Florida. Archives stored at the Florida Division of Forestry office in Tallahassee Florida were examined on two separate occasions. All records in the archives were examined and selected records were copied for future analysis. Records copied
Herbivory and burrowing by nutria (Myocastor coypus) cause substantial ecological and economic da... more Herbivory and burrowing by nutria (Myocastor coypus) cause substantial ecological and economic damage. Trapping is a common, effective practice for reducing nutria damage; however, trapping approaches must continually be adapted to keep pace with evolving animal welfare and ethical issues and to more effectively target pest species of interest. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of 2 nonlethal trap types for nutria: single-capture (SCT) and multi-capture (MCT) cage traps. We established 3 MCTs and 3 SCTs at each of 7 sites on a 10,500-ha mixed-use island located 15 km northwest of Portland, Oregon, USA. We prebaited using carrots, apples, and sweet potatoes for ≥3 consecutive days before trapping. We checked traps daily, and an infrared motion camera was established near each MCT to document activity. We captured 26 nutria over 724 trap nights, and all captures occurred at 4 sites. Nutria captured by MCTs were larger (6.38 ± 1.68 [SD] kg, n = 10) than nutria captured by SCTs...
Frog eggs of three different species were presented to giant apple snails (Pomacea maculata) to d... more Frog eggs of three different species were presented to giant apple snails (Pomacea maculata) to determine if the snails will eat the eggs. There were four treatments: control-eggs in water only; control with lettuce-eggs in water and lettuce which was used as snail food; snail-eggs in water with snail; and snail with lettuce-eggs in water with snails and lettuce (as an alternative food for the snail). Eggs were counted at the start and end of the experiment, and if a egg hatched to a tadpole, the tadpoles were counted as well.
Pomacea maculata is a relatively new invasive species to the Gulf Coast region and potentially th... more Pomacea maculata is a relatively new invasive species to the Gulf Coast region and potentially threatens local agriculture (rice) and ecosystems (aquatic vegetation). The population dynamics of Pomacea maculata have largely been unquantified. We directly measured the growth rates of individually marked snails grown in a common tank to quantify their growth patterns. But due to large intraand interindividual variability and sample size, we were not able to get statistically supported estimates (i.e., tight confidence intervals) on overall growth dynamics. However, we were able to use a model comparison statistic to determine that there are distinct growth stages. Further, these data strongly suggest that male and female growth dynamics are notably different. We designed additional lab experiments and field studies; currently we are doing simulation studies and parameter estimations based on observed variability from the data we are collecting.
Snail weights and lengths for an apple snail growth study. Large snails were individually weighed... more Snail weights and lengths for an apple snail growth study. Large snails were individually weighed to the 100th of a gram and measured to 10th of a mm. Smaller snails were weighed in groups of variable number and then the average weight of the snails in the group recorded. Age of the snails is from hatching data.
Established populations of introduced Pomacea maculata, a highly fecund, large species of apple s... more Established populations of introduced Pomacea maculata, a highly fecund, large species of apple snail native to South America, now occur throughout southeast Asia, in Spain and extensively across the southern United States. Substantial research on nonnative apple snails takes place in Southeast Asia and has frequently identified apple snails as P. canaliculata. That these Asian populations represent at least two Pomacea species, P. canaliculata and P. maculata, has been confirmed through anatomical and genetic evidence. However, the two species are often still confused because of their similar shell morphologies and life history traits. This contribution reviews the distribution, life history, ecology and management of P. maculata introduced to the southern USA. So
We conducted a literature review of coypu (Myocastor coypus) introduction and eradication efforts... more We conducted a literature review of coypu (Myocastor coypus) introduction and eradication efforts worldwide. The coypu (also called nutria) has been introduced from its origins in South America to every continent except Australia and Antarctica. While perceived in some regions as a valuable resource, in most regions the animals are considered a pest species. Coypus have caused damage to water control structures, crops, and marsh systems and are considered a disease host. Eradication efforts have met with varying degrees of success. For those efforts to be successful, the coypu populations must be isolated to prevent reintroduction, harsh winters are necessary to reduce their populations, and intensive trapping efforts must be sustained until the last coypu has been removed.
To determine trends in either frog distribution or abundance in the State of Louisiana, we review... more To determine trends in either frog distribution or abundance in the State of Louisiana, we reviewed and analyzed frog call data from the Louisiana Amphibian Monitoring Program (LAMP). The data were collected between 1997 and 2017 using North American Amphibian Monitoring Program protocols. Louisiana was divided into three survey regions for administration and analysis: the Florida Parishes, and 2 areas west of the Florida parishes called North and South. Fifty-four routes were surveyed with over 12,792 stops and 1,066 hours of observation. Observers heard 26 species of the 31 species reported to be in Louisiana. Three of the species not heard were natives with ranges that did not overlap with survey routes. The other two species were introduced species, the Rio Grande Chirping Frog (Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides) and the Cuban Treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis). Both seem to be limited to urban areas with little to no route coverage. The 15 most commonly occurring species wer...
... Jacoby Carter and Billy P. Leonard ... For those efforts to be successful, the coypu populati... more ... Jacoby Carter and Billy P. Leonard ... For those efforts to be successful, the coypu populations must be iso-lated to prevent reintroduction, harsh winters are necessary to reduce their populations, and intensive trapping efforts must be sustained until the last coypu has been ...
Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, Jan 21, 2015
Pomacea maculata (formerly P. insularum), an apple snail native to South America, was discovered ... more Pomacea maculata (formerly P. insularum), an apple snail native to South America, was discovered in Louisiana in 2008. These snails strip vegetation, reproduce at tremendous rates, and have reduced rice production and caused ecosystem changes in Asia. In this pilot study snails were exposed to two molluscicides, a tea (Camellia sinensis) seed derivative (TSD) or niclosamide monohydrate (Pestanal(®), 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide, CAS #73360-56-2). Mortality was recorded after exposure to high or low concentrations (0.03 and 0.015 g/L for TSD, 1.3 and 0.13 mg/L for niclosamide). The TSD induced 100 % mortality at both concentrations. Niclosamide caused 100 % and 17 % mortality at high and low concentrations respectively. These molluscicides were also tested on potential biocontrol agents, the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus). No crayfish mortalities occurred at either concentration for either chemical, but sunfish experi...
I attempted to assess the effectiveness of the BEHAVE model for predicting observed fire behavior... more I attempted to assess the effectiveness of the BEHAVE model for predicting observed fire behavior during the 1998 fire season in North and Central Florida. Archives stored at the Florida Division of Forestry office in Tallahassee Florida were examined on two separate occasions. All records in the archives were examined and selected records were copied for future analysis. Records copied
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