“Perfect presence space”: Theoretical and practical aspects of the concept, 2024
Due to the potential for creating immersive spaces in which the “function” of attracting and ret... more Due to the potential for creating immersive spaces in which the “function” of attracting and retaining attention replaces traditional calculations of climatic conditions, safety, gravity, etc., there is a need for terms for broader generalisation and evaluation. The purpose was to argue the expediency of using the term “perfect presence space”, as one that can collectively determine the value level of various design attempts to spatially express media and communicative realities, including comparing them with the experience of traditional architectural styles. The main method is a comparative analysis of specially selected architectural phenomena. On the basis of a brief historical retrospective, the tendency to gradually replace the functionalist “rational” substantiation of elements of space (associated with everyday life) with the attraction “irrational” (associated with non-ordinary life) is shown; the presence of experience in the materialisation of non-ordinary states in the architecture of different eras and purposes. Further, a review of several content frameworks that led architectural design to the interpretation of an exceptional or perfect presence is carried out, such as urban-social utopias of “ideal cities”, objects of religious pilgrimages and narrative stories, places of exceptional aesthetic qualities of the natural environment outlined by “paradise” metaphors, and representative and solemn squares of capital cities. The potential of the term “perfect presence space” is shown, which allows effectively operating with the motivational foundations of creating a modern space, which are based on attracting and retaining attention and stay; it provides a conceptual basis for evaluating offers of visual and spatial stay (non-virtual and virtual). The assumption is made about the mechanism of “idealisation” of presence, which is developed through the interaction of three components: person – attention – stay. The practical significance of the study is the opportunity, based on succinct, meaningfully clear and universal terms, to facilitate the perception of the architectural environment and improve the involvement of a wider range of stakeholders and participation groups in the study of design
Вісник Національного університету "Львівська політехніка" серія "Архітектура", 2023
На підставі матеріалів археологічних досліджень 2015-2017 років здійснено спробу окреслити основн... more На підставі матеріалів археологічних досліджень 2015-2017 років здійснено спробу окреслити основні риси архітектури ранньої споруди церкви св. Петра у Перемишлі, котра існувала в давньоруську добу, ймовірно між XII-XIV (поч. XV) століттями. Здійснено пошук аналогів як у будівництві періоду Галицького князівства, так і місцевої архітектурної традиції, котрі за своїми характеристиками близькі до виявлених особливостей перемиської споруди. На підставі цих даних було зроблено спробу встановити ймовірний образ втраченого об'єкта, а також вперше запропоновано варіант можливого вигляду храму. Базовими вихідними даними для цього слугували: а) характер фундаменту і матеріал, який використано для його влаштування, б) конфігурація плану в тому вигляді, в якому її можна реконструювати на підставі виявлених решток, в) інші деталі, знайдені під час археологічних розкопок. Завдяки отриманим результатам виконано візуальну модель можливого зовнішнього вигляду церкви.
The proliferation of immersive presence environments (an artificially created multimedia environm... more The proliferation of immersive presence environments (an artificially created multimedia environment of an alternative reality) is evolving into a widespread social phenomenon that gradually influences how people live and interact. As a result, it has the potential to reshape expectations and demands regarding living spaces and their arrangement. While numerous studies have explored the impact of virtual and augmented reality technologies on urban planning, relatively little attention has been given to the possibility that the behavioral changes brought about by these technologies could prompt a reevaluation of the fundamental principles underlying urban planning. Previously, immersive environments were primarily seen as tools for a limited group of individuals to enhance their problem-solving capabilities within the existing framework of urban planning. However, with the widespread adoption of virtual presence tools, there is a potential for a significant shift in this paradigm. The exact nature and implications of these changes are still not well understood and remain uncertain. However, through the method of behavioral interpolation, we can begin to model the key aspects and potential outcomes of this paradigm shift. The object of this article is to present a theoretical framework for potential transformations in the contemporary urban planning paradigm resulting from the widespread adoption of personalized virtual reality technologies. Through analysis, five key categories within modern post-industrial urban planning are identified as likely to undergo changes: a) residential areas; b) accessibility radius; c) social cohesion; d) transportation requirements, and e) optimal density. Residential units will necessitate additional opportunities and spaces, altering living requirements and lifestyles. The significance of the accessibility radius, particularly for pedestrians, may diminish as a considerable number of desirable locations become accessible directly from individuals' homes. Reducing strain on transportation networks will enhance cities' environmental sustainability and create new opportunities for green spaces. The concept of social cohesion will experience stratified transformations, as differences related to ethnicity, religion, gender, race, age, social status, etc., become neutralized through the development of shifting virtual personas and non-deterministic identities. These interrelated changes will also diminish the weight of the optimal density category. Collectively, these transformations form a comprehensive conceptual framework that reimagines the city. This article outlines two potential directions of change in the urban paradigm that could arise from the proliferation of personalized metaverse communication technologies. The first direction pertains to the contemporary interpretation of deurbanistic concepts, incorporating elements of selfsufficiency, stability, security, and communication infrastructure characteristic of the information age. The second direction is likely to focus on various approaches to transforming the existing urban environment. This transformation will occur through the involvement of market regulatory mechanisms and the development and implementation of specialized municipal programs aimed at modernization and stimulating population growth.
The article analyzes the complex of historical and archaeological materials related to the archit... more The article analyzes the complex of historical and archaeological materials related to the architecture of the lost St. Peter's Church in Przemysl, which existed approximately from the XII-XIII centuries to 1679. Based on the systematization of the available data, an attempt is made to recreate the chronology of changes in the planning structure and appearance of the structure from the time of its appearance to dismantling.
This article explores the ideological and narrative foundations of various forms of architectural... more This article explores the ideological and narrative foundations of various forms of architectural historicism, marked by the identities manifestation which emerged in the era of modern nations appearance. The difference between the concepts of the three national communities - Ukrainian, Polish and Russian and how these concepts were conveyed with the help of architectural stylistics is outlined. It is determined that in all three cases, the main source of style-creation was the idea of the Ideal Homeland, which in all three national narratives accounts for the late Middle Ages (XVI-XVII centuries.) Also is suggested the concept of evaluative delimitation of this kind of heritage, depending on the inherent symbolic ideals.
As a result of the analysis of descriptive, iconographic and cartographic material, the location ... more As a result of the analysis of descriptive, iconographic and cartographic material, the location of several non-existent temples of the Eastern Christian tradition in Przemyśl was determined and clarified. According to research, St. Trinity Church was located in a rectangle close to the square, now occupied by a residential building on Y. Slovatsky, 13 street (the so-called "rabbi's house"). Based on descriptions and cartographic materials, it is established that the locating of St. Michael Church on Pidzamche should consider significant changes in relief, which are associated with natural and anthropological factors. The most probable location of the building can be considered in the contemporary slope between the present highway №28 and Senkevycha Street in the place of its deviation to the right. Thus, we can assume that the perspective of the street before this deviation once rested on the entrance to the missing temple. With the involvement of archaeological resea...
The aim of the article is to reveal the tendency to use images of the Constantinople capital'... more The aim of the article is to reveal the tendency to use images of the Constantinople capital's architecture in the projects of sacred buildings in Galicia at the beginning of the XXI century. Under the hieratopy of New Rome means the special status of Constantinople - the sacred center of the World Christian (Roman) State. After the fall of Constantinople, the image of New Rome became available for reproduction in previously remote corners of the Byzantine world, including in the construction of the identities of certain modern nations formed in the nineteenth century. It is underlined that the hieratopy of New Rome became an important part of Ukrainian identity searching within the sacred architecture of Galicia. It is determined that in varying degrees, it was characteristic of the search for a national manifestation both in the period of the turn of the XIX - XX centuries, and of the Independence period in the turn of the XX - XXI centuries. It is determined that for this las...
The city of the future in the European Commission’s documents: A comprehensive analysis, 2023
The study analyses a holistic vision of the city of the future, which is scattered in various doc... more The study analyses a holistic vision of the city of the future, which is scattered in various documents and programmes of the European Union. The research relevance is predefined by the need to create a holistic vision that can act as an attractive representative of all current urban values in the mass culture and promote the qualities of environmental friendliness, inclusiveness, cohesion, sustainability, self-sufficiency, etc. The research aims to outline a holistic vision of the city of the future supported by EU documents necessary for the crystallisation of its historical identity. The research results were obtained by using the synthesis method. This study proposes to synthesise the following main conceptual groups of the discourse around the city of the future aimed at the ideals of optimal density, renewable self-sufficiency, techno-biosphere symbiosis, participatory cooperation, social cohesion, and multi-age valorisation. Each of these groups is first considered separately as a field of scientific attention, its main characteristics are given and evaluated in terms of usefulness for improving the urban environment. Next, an attempt is made to combine these groups employing a comprehensive analysis, the methodology of which is aimed at identifying common content nodes in the concepts and tools of each group. Subsequently, they are combined into a common conceptual system, an essential feature of which is the expansion of the interpretation of the features of each group as part of the features of other groups. This allowed to avoid the division of the current discourse around the image of the city of the future into different sectors and to work more effectively with the implementation and promotion of the values of the city image, which is supported by official documents of the European Commission, which is relevant for Ukraine, which seeks EU membership. In addition, the findings can be used in the education of students majoring in architecture and urban planning, as well as design
The study analyses a holistic vision of the city of the future, which is scattered in various doc... more The study analyses a holistic vision of the city of the future, which is scattered in various documents and programmes of the European Union. The research relevance is predefined by the need to create a holistic vision that can act as an attractive representative of all current urban values in the mass culture and promote the qualities of environmental friendliness, inclusiveness, cohesion, sustainability, self-sufficiency, etc. The research aims to outline a holistic vision of the city of the future supported by EU documents necessary for the crystallisation of its historical identity. The research results were obtained by using the synthesis method. This study proposes to synthesise the following main conceptual groups of the discourse around the city of the future aimed at the ideals of optimal density, renewable self-sufficiency, techno-biosphere symbiosis, participatory cooperation, social cohesion, and multi-age valorisation. Each of these groups is first considered separately...
The first experiences of designing virtual environments showed that in the future, professional e... more The first experiences of designing virtual environments showed that in the future, professional education and theoretical reflection will face the problems of inconsistency of "traditional" ideas about architectural form with the features that it acquires in metaversal living spaces. Therefore, these differences and specifics should become the object of attention of professional science, which should assess the nature of the new values of the architectural space, as well as the amount of necessary changes, in particular in the educational field, which should be oriented to the real needs of the industry and current processes in design. Since the mentioned changes, as mentioned above, affect the basic foundations of creating an environment, it is necessary to define the concept of the space of presence, freed from the "traditional" vital needs of "sustenance", and focused on the interaction of consciousness and impressions, both of a personalistic and co...
The article considers the phenomenon of the positive perception of gated communities in Lviv, wit... more The article considers the phenomenon of the positive perception of gated communities in Lviv, with an emphasis on historical aspects of urban planning. The research has shown that under certain conditions, the existence of gated communities is necessary and their popularity is justified. Therefore, it is necessary to develop mechanisms to avoid their negative consequences. In order to understand how closed communities function, and to identify natural trends in the development of this type of facility, their formation in other parts of Europe was analyzed. The results show that this approach is common for the living environment, but that it has its own characteristics at the level of formal expression and functional content. Form and location in the city structure are not essential for the formation of gated communities, with their effective functioning and logical connection with the external environment being more important. There is also a contradiction between the current situat...
“Perfect presence space”: Theoretical and practical aspects of the concept, 2024
Due to the potential for creating immersive spaces in which the “function” of attracting and ret... more Due to the potential for creating immersive spaces in which the “function” of attracting and retaining attention replaces traditional calculations of climatic conditions, safety, gravity, etc., there is a need for terms for broader generalisation and evaluation. The purpose was to argue the expediency of using the term “perfect presence space”, as one that can collectively determine the value level of various design attempts to spatially express media and communicative realities, including comparing them with the experience of traditional architectural styles. The main method is a comparative analysis of specially selected architectural phenomena. On the basis of a brief historical retrospective, the tendency to gradually replace the functionalist “rational” substantiation of elements of space (associated with everyday life) with the attraction “irrational” (associated with non-ordinary life) is shown; the presence of experience in the materialisation of non-ordinary states in the architecture of different eras and purposes. Further, a review of several content frameworks that led architectural design to the interpretation of an exceptional or perfect presence is carried out, such as urban-social utopias of “ideal cities”, objects of religious pilgrimages and narrative stories, places of exceptional aesthetic qualities of the natural environment outlined by “paradise” metaphors, and representative and solemn squares of capital cities. The potential of the term “perfect presence space” is shown, which allows effectively operating with the motivational foundations of creating a modern space, which are based on attracting and retaining attention and stay; it provides a conceptual basis for evaluating offers of visual and spatial stay (non-virtual and virtual). The assumption is made about the mechanism of “idealisation” of presence, which is developed through the interaction of three components: person – attention – stay. The practical significance of the study is the opportunity, based on succinct, meaningfully clear and universal terms, to facilitate the perception of the architectural environment and improve the involvement of a wider range of stakeholders and participation groups in the study of design
Вісник Національного університету "Львівська політехніка" серія "Архітектура", 2023
На підставі матеріалів археологічних досліджень 2015-2017 років здійснено спробу окреслити основн... more На підставі матеріалів археологічних досліджень 2015-2017 років здійснено спробу окреслити основні риси архітектури ранньої споруди церкви св. Петра у Перемишлі, котра існувала в давньоруську добу, ймовірно між XII-XIV (поч. XV) століттями. Здійснено пошук аналогів як у будівництві періоду Галицького князівства, так і місцевої архітектурної традиції, котрі за своїми характеристиками близькі до виявлених особливостей перемиської споруди. На підставі цих даних було зроблено спробу встановити ймовірний образ втраченого об'єкта, а також вперше запропоновано варіант можливого вигляду храму. Базовими вихідними даними для цього слугували: а) характер фундаменту і матеріал, який використано для його влаштування, б) конфігурація плану в тому вигляді, в якому її можна реконструювати на підставі виявлених решток, в) інші деталі, знайдені під час археологічних розкопок. Завдяки отриманим результатам виконано візуальну модель можливого зовнішнього вигляду церкви.
The proliferation of immersive presence environments (an artificially created multimedia environm... more The proliferation of immersive presence environments (an artificially created multimedia environment of an alternative reality) is evolving into a widespread social phenomenon that gradually influences how people live and interact. As a result, it has the potential to reshape expectations and demands regarding living spaces and their arrangement. While numerous studies have explored the impact of virtual and augmented reality technologies on urban planning, relatively little attention has been given to the possibility that the behavioral changes brought about by these technologies could prompt a reevaluation of the fundamental principles underlying urban planning. Previously, immersive environments were primarily seen as tools for a limited group of individuals to enhance their problem-solving capabilities within the existing framework of urban planning. However, with the widespread adoption of virtual presence tools, there is a potential for a significant shift in this paradigm. The exact nature and implications of these changes are still not well understood and remain uncertain. However, through the method of behavioral interpolation, we can begin to model the key aspects and potential outcomes of this paradigm shift. The object of this article is to present a theoretical framework for potential transformations in the contemporary urban planning paradigm resulting from the widespread adoption of personalized virtual reality technologies. Through analysis, five key categories within modern post-industrial urban planning are identified as likely to undergo changes: a) residential areas; b) accessibility radius; c) social cohesion; d) transportation requirements, and e) optimal density. Residential units will necessitate additional opportunities and spaces, altering living requirements and lifestyles. The significance of the accessibility radius, particularly for pedestrians, may diminish as a considerable number of desirable locations become accessible directly from individuals' homes. Reducing strain on transportation networks will enhance cities' environmental sustainability and create new opportunities for green spaces. The concept of social cohesion will experience stratified transformations, as differences related to ethnicity, religion, gender, race, age, social status, etc., become neutralized through the development of shifting virtual personas and non-deterministic identities. These interrelated changes will also diminish the weight of the optimal density category. Collectively, these transformations form a comprehensive conceptual framework that reimagines the city. This article outlines two potential directions of change in the urban paradigm that could arise from the proliferation of personalized metaverse communication technologies. The first direction pertains to the contemporary interpretation of deurbanistic concepts, incorporating elements of selfsufficiency, stability, security, and communication infrastructure characteristic of the information age. The second direction is likely to focus on various approaches to transforming the existing urban environment. This transformation will occur through the involvement of market regulatory mechanisms and the development and implementation of specialized municipal programs aimed at modernization and stimulating population growth.
The article analyzes the complex of historical and archaeological materials related to the archit... more The article analyzes the complex of historical and archaeological materials related to the architecture of the lost St. Peter's Church in Przemysl, which existed approximately from the XII-XIII centuries to 1679. Based on the systematization of the available data, an attempt is made to recreate the chronology of changes in the planning structure and appearance of the structure from the time of its appearance to dismantling.
This article explores the ideological and narrative foundations of various forms of architectural... more This article explores the ideological and narrative foundations of various forms of architectural historicism, marked by the identities manifestation which emerged in the era of modern nations appearance. The difference between the concepts of the three national communities - Ukrainian, Polish and Russian and how these concepts were conveyed with the help of architectural stylistics is outlined. It is determined that in all three cases, the main source of style-creation was the idea of the Ideal Homeland, which in all three national narratives accounts for the late Middle Ages (XVI-XVII centuries.) Also is suggested the concept of evaluative delimitation of this kind of heritage, depending on the inherent symbolic ideals.
As a result of the analysis of descriptive, iconographic and cartographic material, the location ... more As a result of the analysis of descriptive, iconographic and cartographic material, the location of several non-existent temples of the Eastern Christian tradition in Przemyśl was determined and clarified. According to research, St. Trinity Church was located in a rectangle close to the square, now occupied by a residential building on Y. Slovatsky, 13 street (the so-called "rabbi's house"). Based on descriptions and cartographic materials, it is established that the locating of St. Michael Church on Pidzamche should consider significant changes in relief, which are associated with natural and anthropological factors. The most probable location of the building can be considered in the contemporary slope between the present highway №28 and Senkevycha Street in the place of its deviation to the right. Thus, we can assume that the perspective of the street before this deviation once rested on the entrance to the missing temple. With the involvement of archaeological resea...
The aim of the article is to reveal the tendency to use images of the Constantinople capital'... more The aim of the article is to reveal the tendency to use images of the Constantinople capital's architecture in the projects of sacred buildings in Galicia at the beginning of the XXI century. Under the hieratopy of New Rome means the special status of Constantinople - the sacred center of the World Christian (Roman) State. After the fall of Constantinople, the image of New Rome became available for reproduction in previously remote corners of the Byzantine world, including in the construction of the identities of certain modern nations formed in the nineteenth century. It is underlined that the hieratopy of New Rome became an important part of Ukrainian identity searching within the sacred architecture of Galicia. It is determined that in varying degrees, it was characteristic of the search for a national manifestation both in the period of the turn of the XIX - XX centuries, and of the Independence period in the turn of the XX - XXI centuries. It is determined that for this las...
The city of the future in the European Commission’s documents: A comprehensive analysis, 2023
The study analyses a holistic vision of the city of the future, which is scattered in various doc... more The study analyses a holistic vision of the city of the future, which is scattered in various documents and programmes of the European Union. The research relevance is predefined by the need to create a holistic vision that can act as an attractive representative of all current urban values in the mass culture and promote the qualities of environmental friendliness, inclusiveness, cohesion, sustainability, self-sufficiency, etc. The research aims to outline a holistic vision of the city of the future supported by EU documents necessary for the crystallisation of its historical identity. The research results were obtained by using the synthesis method. This study proposes to synthesise the following main conceptual groups of the discourse around the city of the future aimed at the ideals of optimal density, renewable self-sufficiency, techno-biosphere symbiosis, participatory cooperation, social cohesion, and multi-age valorisation. Each of these groups is first considered separately as a field of scientific attention, its main characteristics are given and evaluated in terms of usefulness for improving the urban environment. Next, an attempt is made to combine these groups employing a comprehensive analysis, the methodology of which is aimed at identifying common content nodes in the concepts and tools of each group. Subsequently, they are combined into a common conceptual system, an essential feature of which is the expansion of the interpretation of the features of each group as part of the features of other groups. This allowed to avoid the division of the current discourse around the image of the city of the future into different sectors and to work more effectively with the implementation and promotion of the values of the city image, which is supported by official documents of the European Commission, which is relevant for Ukraine, which seeks EU membership. In addition, the findings can be used in the education of students majoring in architecture and urban planning, as well as design
The study analyses a holistic vision of the city of the future, which is scattered in various doc... more The study analyses a holistic vision of the city of the future, which is scattered in various documents and programmes of the European Union. The research relevance is predefined by the need to create a holistic vision that can act as an attractive representative of all current urban values in the mass culture and promote the qualities of environmental friendliness, inclusiveness, cohesion, sustainability, self-sufficiency, etc. The research aims to outline a holistic vision of the city of the future supported by EU documents necessary for the crystallisation of its historical identity. The research results were obtained by using the synthesis method. This study proposes to synthesise the following main conceptual groups of the discourse around the city of the future aimed at the ideals of optimal density, renewable self-sufficiency, techno-biosphere symbiosis, participatory cooperation, social cohesion, and multi-age valorisation. Each of these groups is first considered separately...
The first experiences of designing virtual environments showed that in the future, professional e... more The first experiences of designing virtual environments showed that in the future, professional education and theoretical reflection will face the problems of inconsistency of "traditional" ideas about architectural form with the features that it acquires in metaversal living spaces. Therefore, these differences and specifics should become the object of attention of professional science, which should assess the nature of the new values of the architectural space, as well as the amount of necessary changes, in particular in the educational field, which should be oriented to the real needs of the industry and current processes in design. Since the mentioned changes, as mentioned above, affect the basic foundations of creating an environment, it is necessary to define the concept of the space of presence, freed from the "traditional" vital needs of "sustenance", and focused on the interaction of consciousness and impressions, both of a personalistic and co...
The article considers the phenomenon of the positive perception of gated communities in Lviv, wit... more The article considers the phenomenon of the positive perception of gated communities in Lviv, with an emphasis on historical aspects of urban planning. The research has shown that under certain conditions, the existence of gated communities is necessary and their popularity is justified. Therefore, it is necessary to develop mechanisms to avoid their negative consequences. In order to understand how closed communities function, and to identify natural trends in the development of this type of facility, their formation in other parts of Europe was analyzed. The results show that this approach is common for the living environment, but that it has its own characteristics at the level of formal expression and functional content. Form and location in the city structure are not essential for the formation of gated communities, with their effective functioning and logical connection with the external environment being more important. There is also a contradiction between the current situat...
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Papers by Roman Frankiv
attention replaces traditional calculations of climatic conditions, safety, gravity, etc., there is a need for terms for broader
generalisation and evaluation. The purpose was to argue the expediency of using the term “perfect presence space”, as one
that can collectively determine the value level of various design attempts to spatially express media and communicative
realities, including comparing them with the experience of traditional architectural styles. The main method is a
comparative analysis of specially selected architectural phenomena. On the basis of a brief historical retrospective, the
tendency to gradually replace the functionalist “rational” substantiation of elements of space (associated with everyday
life) with the attraction “irrational” (associated with non-ordinary life) is shown; the presence of experience in the
materialisation of non-ordinary states in the architecture of different eras and purposes. Further, a review of several
content frameworks that led architectural design to the interpretation of an exceptional or perfect presence is carried out,
such as urban-social utopias of “ideal cities”, objects of religious pilgrimages and narrative stories, places of exceptional
aesthetic qualities of the natural environment outlined by “paradise” metaphors, and representative and solemn squares
of capital cities. The potential of the term “perfect presence space” is shown, which allows effectively operating with the
motivational foundations of creating a modern space, which are based on attracting and retaining attention and stay; it
provides a conceptual basis for evaluating offers of visual and spatial stay (non-virtual and virtual). The assumption is
made about the mechanism of “idealisation” of presence, which is developed through the interaction of three components:
person – attention – stay. The practical significance of the study is the opportunity, based on succinct, meaningfully clear
and universal terms, to facilitate the perception of the architectural environment and improve the involvement of a wider
range of stakeholders and participation groups in the study of design
attention replaces traditional calculations of climatic conditions, safety, gravity, etc., there is a need for terms for broader
generalisation and evaluation. The purpose was to argue the expediency of using the term “perfect presence space”, as one
that can collectively determine the value level of various design attempts to spatially express media and communicative
realities, including comparing them with the experience of traditional architectural styles. The main method is a
comparative analysis of specially selected architectural phenomena. On the basis of a brief historical retrospective, the
tendency to gradually replace the functionalist “rational” substantiation of elements of space (associated with everyday
life) with the attraction “irrational” (associated with non-ordinary life) is shown; the presence of experience in the
materialisation of non-ordinary states in the architecture of different eras and purposes. Further, a review of several
content frameworks that led architectural design to the interpretation of an exceptional or perfect presence is carried out,
such as urban-social utopias of “ideal cities”, objects of religious pilgrimages and narrative stories, places of exceptional
aesthetic qualities of the natural environment outlined by “paradise” metaphors, and representative and solemn squares
of capital cities. The potential of the term “perfect presence space” is shown, which allows effectively operating with the
motivational foundations of creating a modern space, which are based on attracting and retaining attention and stay; it
provides a conceptual basis for evaluating offers of visual and spatial stay (non-virtual and virtual). The assumption is
made about the mechanism of “idealisation” of presence, which is developed through the interaction of three components:
person – attention – stay. The practical significance of the study is the opportunity, based on succinct, meaningfully clear
and universal terms, to facilitate the perception of the architectural environment and improve the involvement of a wider
range of stakeholders and participation groups in the study of design