Carbon pricing is considered an important instrument in the fight against climate change (World B... more Carbon pricing is considered an important instrument in the fight against climate change (World Bank, 2022). In particular, many experts and stakeholders have called for the implementation of carbon pricing as a part of ambitious climate policy agendas (Hepburn et al., 2020). This requires consideration of the interactions of carbon pricing with other policies, as well as of the societal outcomes of carbon pricing. In particular, carbon pricing has been found to have potentially large health impacts, leading to important co-benefits as well as potentially some trade-offs (Parry et al., 2014), (Hasegawa et al., 2018). Information on health impacts of carbon pricing, their distribution and how they are affected by policy design is necessary in order to progress towards more socially sustainable and politically feasible policy design. Recent reviews have focussed on various aspects of carbon pricing design and outcomes, synthesizing evidence on its effectiveness, equity impacts or soci...
This chapter describes the resultant emerging challenges to population health and the global chan... more This chapter describes the resultant emerging challenges to population health and the global change-related health risks. An overview of climate change, its impact on health, and detecting health (or directly health-related) impacts attributable to climate change are discussed. The focus and purpose of research and policy response are also discussed.
... impacts of global climate change DIARMID H. CAMPBELL-LENDRUM, PAUL WILKINSON, KATRIN KUHN ...... more ... impacts of global climate change DIARMID H. CAMPBELL-LENDRUM, PAUL WILKINSON, KATRIN KUHN ... variation in climate (eg temperature in city centres versus nearby rural areas), or ... 1997; McGuffie et al., 1999), and consequently riverine and coastal flooding (Arnell, 1996 ...
Unprecedented environmental changes threaten to reverse progress on health and development unless... more Unprecedented environmental changes threaten to reverse progress on health and development unless they are addressed by decisive actions. The implementation of policies to reduce the environmental impact of human societies can reduce risks and also bring a range of near-term health benefits—for example, from lowered emissions of pollutants co-emitted with greenhouse gases. This chapter outlines potential transformative policies in sectors such as energy, transport, urban development and food systems, which can reduce their environmental footprint and improve health.
Dietary changes which improve health are also likely to be beneficial for the environment by redu... more Dietary changes which improve health are also likely to be beneficial for the environment by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). However, previous analyses have not accounted for the potential acceptability of low GHG diets to the general public. This study attempted to quantify the health effects associated with adopting low GHG emission diets in the UK. Epidemiological modelling study. UK. UK population. Adoption of diets optimised to achieve the WHO nutritional recommendations and reduce GHG emissions while remaining as close as possible to existing dietary patterns. Changes in years of life lost due to coronary heart disease, stroke, several cancers and type II diabetes, quantified using life tables. If the average UK dietary intake were optimised to comply with the WHO recommendations, we estimate an incidental reduction of 17% in GHG emissions. Such a dietary pattern would be broadly similar to the current UK average. Our model suggests that it would save almost 7 mi...
Health research policy and systems / BioMed Central, Jan 20, 2006
In 2005 the World Health Organisation (WHO) asked its Advisory Committee on Health Research (ACHR... more In 2005 the World Health Organisation (WHO) asked its Advisory Committee on Health Research (ACHR) for advice on ways in which WHO can improve the use of research evidence in the development of recommendations, including guidelines and policies. The ACHR established the Subcommittee on the Use of Research Evidence (SURE) to collect background documentation and consult widely among WHO staff, international experts and end users of WHO recommendations to inform its advice to WHO. We have prepared a series of reviews of methods that are used in the development of guidelines as part of this background documentation. We describe here the background and methods of these reviews, which are being published in Health Research Policy and Systems together with this introduction.
Carbon pricing is considered an important instrument in the fight against climate change (World B... more Carbon pricing is considered an important instrument in the fight against climate change (World Bank, 2022). In particular, many experts and stakeholders have called for the implementation of carbon pricing as a part of ambitious climate policy agendas (Hepburn et al., 2020). This requires consideration of the interactions of carbon pricing with other policies, as well as of the societal outcomes of carbon pricing. In particular, carbon pricing has been found to have potentially large health impacts, leading to important co-benefits as well as potentially some trade-offs (Parry et al., 2014), (Hasegawa et al., 2018). Information on health impacts of carbon pricing, their distribution and how they are affected by policy design is necessary in order to progress towards more socially sustainable and politically feasible policy design. Recent reviews have focussed on various aspects of carbon pricing design and outcomes, synthesizing evidence on its effectiveness, equity impacts or soci...
This chapter describes the resultant emerging challenges to population health and the global chan... more This chapter describes the resultant emerging challenges to population health and the global change-related health risks. An overview of climate change, its impact on health, and detecting health (or directly health-related) impacts attributable to climate change are discussed. The focus and purpose of research and policy response are also discussed.
... impacts of global climate change DIARMID H. CAMPBELL-LENDRUM, PAUL WILKINSON, KATRIN KUHN ...... more ... impacts of global climate change DIARMID H. CAMPBELL-LENDRUM, PAUL WILKINSON, KATRIN KUHN ... variation in climate (eg temperature in city centres versus nearby rural areas), or ... 1997; McGuffie et al., 1999), and consequently riverine and coastal flooding (Arnell, 1996 ...
Unprecedented environmental changes threaten to reverse progress on health and development unless... more Unprecedented environmental changes threaten to reverse progress on health and development unless they are addressed by decisive actions. The implementation of policies to reduce the environmental impact of human societies can reduce risks and also bring a range of near-term health benefits—for example, from lowered emissions of pollutants co-emitted with greenhouse gases. This chapter outlines potential transformative policies in sectors such as energy, transport, urban development and food systems, which can reduce their environmental footprint and improve health.
Dietary changes which improve health are also likely to be beneficial for the environment by redu... more Dietary changes which improve health are also likely to be beneficial for the environment by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). However, previous analyses have not accounted for the potential acceptability of low GHG diets to the general public. This study attempted to quantify the health effects associated with adopting low GHG emission diets in the UK. Epidemiological modelling study. UK. UK population. Adoption of diets optimised to achieve the WHO nutritional recommendations and reduce GHG emissions while remaining as close as possible to existing dietary patterns. Changes in years of life lost due to coronary heart disease, stroke, several cancers and type II diabetes, quantified using life tables. If the average UK dietary intake were optimised to comply with the WHO recommendations, we estimate an incidental reduction of 17% in GHG emissions. Such a dietary pattern would be broadly similar to the current UK average. Our model suggests that it would save almost 7 mi...
Health research policy and systems / BioMed Central, Jan 20, 2006
In 2005 the World Health Organisation (WHO) asked its Advisory Committee on Health Research (ACHR... more In 2005 the World Health Organisation (WHO) asked its Advisory Committee on Health Research (ACHR) for advice on ways in which WHO can improve the use of research evidence in the development of recommendations, including guidelines and policies. The ACHR established the Subcommittee on the Use of Research Evidence (SURE) to collect background documentation and consult widely among WHO staff, international experts and end users of WHO recommendations to inform its advice to WHO. We have prepared a series of reviews of methods that are used in the development of guidelines as part of this background documentation. We describe here the background and methods of these reviews, which are being published in Health Research Policy and Systems together with this introduction.
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