Efficiency, Equity and Well-Being in Selected African Countries, 2019
This study investigates the rate and determinants of income mobility in Uganda using three waves ... more This study investigates the rate and determinants of income mobility in Uganda using three waves of the household panel survey data (2009–2010, 2010–2011 and 2011–2012). It employs the Markov transition matrices and probit techniques for the analysis and finds a higher rate of income mobility (60 percent) at the bottom of the income distribution than at the top of the income distribution (43 percent). It also finds that capital stock, whether human or physical, has the most economically significant impact on income mobility. The impact of education is more pronounced at higher levels of educational attainment. For example, having a university degree increases the probability of moving up the income distribution level by 36 percentage points. Conversely, having a university degree reduces the probability of moving down the income distribution level by 21 percentage points. Having highly valued physical assets increases the chances of moving up the distribution ladder by 24 percentage points and reduces the movement down by 18 percentage points. Equally important are the gender of the household head, main source of income and geographical location of the household. Hence, there should be increased investments in education, especially at higher levels and strategies should be designed that are aimed at increasing the viability of land as a factor of production. Additionally, efforts aimed at women’s empowerment should also be strengthened.
In this paper we assess the short- and mid-term effects of two cash transfer programmes in Uganda... more In this paper we assess the short- and mid-term effects of two cash transfer programmes in Uganda in terms of child underweight, school attainment, and the monetary returns to these indirect effects. Using a micro-simulation approach we test how the scale-up of these pilot interventions could affect human capital indicators and income growth. We first use panel data to estimate the links between income, child health, and school attainment. Thereafter we insert the estimates in a micro-simulation model to predict how cash transfer programmes could generate income returns through higher education attainment and compare programmes in terms of their rates of return.
The paper examines the flow of workers between employment states, the role of education in these ... more The paper examines the flow of workers between employment states, the role of education in these transitions and the impact of the transitions on earnings. It uses panel data for three waves (2005/06, 2009/10 and 2010/11) of household surveys in Uganda. We estimate transition probability matrices and find bi-directional transitions between formal and informal employment but with a higher tendency of workers to transition from formal to informal than in the opposite direction. When we investigate the relation between education and transitions using probit models, we find the transition from informal to formal increases with education but the movement from formal to informal employment and switching from not working to working declines with education. We further investigate the impact of the transitions on the worker’s welfare by estimating wage equations and find evidence for a decline in monthly wages for workers moving from formal to informal employment and a wage gain for workers ...
This paper examines the role of educational attainment in being employed in Uganda. Using househo... more This paper examines the role of educational attainment in being employed in Uganda. Using household panel data for four waves; 2005/06, 2009/10, 2010/11 and 2011/12, the study estimates correlated random effects models and analyses the education-employment relationship. We find a positive association between educational attainments and “not-working” in the static model but when state dependence is accounted for, the association disappears for all education levels except degree education which is not significant at conventional levels. Therefore, it can be concluded that the observed positive association between education and “not-working” is a short term effect for individuals with less than degree education, but may persist for individuals with degree education. With reference to informal sector employment, the results are mixed. They depict a heterogeneous sector which is hierarchical, whereby more educated individuals are observed in informal salaried work and less educated ind...
Shortage of human resource for health poses a major challenge to achieving the millennium develop... more Shortage of human resource for health poses a major challenge to achieving the millennium development goals. Uganda is among the 57 countries with human resource shortage reaching critical level and the situation is worst at lower levels of the health system. The private-not-for-profit (PNFP) health sub-sector in Uganda complements government efforts to achieve the MDG, the second health sector strategic plan (HSSP II) and the health-related objectives of the poverty eradication plan (PEAP). The Uganda Catholic Medical Bureau coordinates the Roman Catholic health facilities network, one of the three PNFP networks in Uganda. This paper, presented at a conference organized by the Faculty of Health Sciences of Uganda Martyrs University in March 2007, looks at the HRH crisis as experienced by the UCMB network giving the trend, examining the reasons, the destinations of attritional cases and what the network is trying to do to improve human resource stability. The information is based on...
The paper examines the flow of workers between employment states, the role of education in these ... more The paper examines the flow of workers between employment states, the role of education in these transitions and the impact of the transitions on earnings. It uses panel data for three waves (2005/06, 2009/10 and 2010/11) of household surveys in Uganda. Using the Markov chain process, we estimate transition probability matrices and find bi-directional transitions between formal and informal employment but with a higher tendency of workers to transition from formal to informal than in the opposite direction. When we investigate the relation between education and transitions using probit models, we find the transition from informal to formal increases with education but the movement from formal to informal employment and switching from not working to working declines with education. We further investigate the impact of the transitions on the worker’s welfare by estimating wage equations and find evidence for a decline in monthly wages for workers moving from formal to informal employm...
Efficiency, Equity and Well-Being in Selected African Countries, 2019
This study investigates the rate and determinants of income mobility in Uganda using three waves ... more This study investigates the rate and determinants of income mobility in Uganda using three waves of the household panel survey data (2009–2010, 2010–2011 and 2011–2012). It employs the Markov transition matrices and probit techniques for the analysis and finds a higher rate of income mobility (60 percent) at the bottom of the income distribution than at the top of the income distribution (43 percent). It also finds that capital stock, whether human or physical, has the most economically significant impact on income mobility. The impact of education is more pronounced at higher levels of educational attainment. For example, having a university degree increases the probability of moving up the income distribution level by 36 percentage points. Conversely, having a university degree reduces the probability of moving down the income distribution level by 21 percentage points. Having highly valued physical assets increases the chances of moving up the distribution ladder by 24 percentage points and reduces the movement down by 18 percentage points. Equally important are the gender of the household head, main source of income and geographical location of the household. Hence, there should be increased investments in education, especially at higher levels and strategies should be designed that are aimed at increasing the viability of land as a factor of production. Additionally, efforts aimed at women’s empowerment should also be strengthened.
In this paper we assess the short- and mid-term effects of two cash transfer programmes in Uganda... more In this paper we assess the short- and mid-term effects of two cash transfer programmes in Uganda in terms of child underweight, school attainment, and the monetary returns to these indirect effects. Using a micro-simulation approach we test how the scale-up of these pilot interventions could affect human capital indicators and income growth. We first use panel data to estimate the links between income, child health, and school attainment. Thereafter we insert the estimates in a micro-simulation model to predict how cash transfer programmes could generate income returns through higher education attainment and compare programmes in terms of their rates of return.
The paper examines the flow of workers between employment states, the role of education in these ... more The paper examines the flow of workers between employment states, the role of education in these transitions and the impact of the transitions on earnings. It uses panel data for three waves (2005/06, 2009/10 and 2010/11) of household surveys in Uganda. We estimate transition probability matrices and find bi-directional transitions between formal and informal employment but with a higher tendency of workers to transition from formal to informal than in the opposite direction. When we investigate the relation between education and transitions using probit models, we find the transition from informal to formal increases with education but the movement from formal to informal employment and switching from not working to working declines with education. We further investigate the impact of the transitions on the worker’s welfare by estimating wage equations and find evidence for a decline in monthly wages for workers moving from formal to informal employment and a wage gain for workers ...
This paper examines the role of educational attainment in being employed in Uganda. Using househo... more This paper examines the role of educational attainment in being employed in Uganda. Using household panel data for four waves; 2005/06, 2009/10, 2010/11 and 2011/12, the study estimates correlated random effects models and analyses the education-employment relationship. We find a positive association between educational attainments and “not-working” in the static model but when state dependence is accounted for, the association disappears for all education levels except degree education which is not significant at conventional levels. Therefore, it can be concluded that the observed positive association between education and “not-working” is a short term effect for individuals with less than degree education, but may persist for individuals with degree education. With reference to informal sector employment, the results are mixed. They depict a heterogeneous sector which is hierarchical, whereby more educated individuals are observed in informal salaried work and less educated ind...
Shortage of human resource for health poses a major challenge to achieving the millennium develop... more Shortage of human resource for health poses a major challenge to achieving the millennium development goals. Uganda is among the 57 countries with human resource shortage reaching critical level and the situation is worst at lower levels of the health system. The private-not-for-profit (PNFP) health sub-sector in Uganda complements government efforts to achieve the MDG, the second health sector strategic plan (HSSP II) and the health-related objectives of the poverty eradication plan (PEAP). The Uganda Catholic Medical Bureau coordinates the Roman Catholic health facilities network, one of the three PNFP networks in Uganda. This paper, presented at a conference organized by the Faculty of Health Sciences of Uganda Martyrs University in March 2007, looks at the HRH crisis as experienced by the UCMB network giving the trend, examining the reasons, the destinations of attritional cases and what the network is trying to do to improve human resource stability. The information is based on...
The paper examines the flow of workers between employment states, the role of education in these ... more The paper examines the flow of workers between employment states, the role of education in these transitions and the impact of the transitions on earnings. It uses panel data for three waves (2005/06, 2009/10 and 2010/11) of household surveys in Uganda. Using the Markov chain process, we estimate transition probability matrices and find bi-directional transitions between formal and informal employment but with a higher tendency of workers to transition from formal to informal than in the opposite direction. When we investigate the relation between education and transitions using probit models, we find the transition from informal to formal increases with education but the movement from formal to informal employment and switching from not working to working declines with education. We further investigate the impact of the transitions on the worker’s welfare by estimating wage equations and find evidence for a decline in monthly wages for workers moving from formal to informal employm...
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