The ethanol extract of Hibiscus esculentus Linn roots inhibited the formation of oxygen derived f... more The ethanol extract of Hibiscus esculentus Linn roots inhibited the formation of oxygen derived free radicals invitro with IC 50 of 620 µg/ml, 2300 µg/ml, 870 µg/ml and 610 µg/ml. [Fe 2+ /ascobate system], 730 µg/ml, [Fe 3+ /ADP/ascorbate system], for superoxide radical production, hydroxyl radical generation, nitric oxide radical formation and lipid peroxide formation respectively. The oral administration of the extract (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight), significantly reduce CCl 4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats, as judged from the serum and tissue activity of marker enzymes [Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)]. These results were comparable with standard drug silymarin [20 mg/kg, P.O.)
The antidiarrhoeal effect of the water extract of Melastoma malabathricum Linn. (Melastomataceae)... more The antidiarrhoeal effect of the water extract of Melastoma malabathricum Linn. (Melastomataceae) leaves were investigated by employing four experimental models of diarrhea in Swiss mice. Melastoma malabathricum water extract treated mice showed significant reduction in the fecal output and protected them from castor oil-induced diarrhoea. The extract also reduced the intestinal fluid secretion induced by magnesium sulphate and gastrointestinal motility after charcoal meal administration in the mice. No mortality and visible signs of general weakness was observed in the mice following the test extract administration up to 2000 mg/kg dose
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Boesenbergia rotunda (L) Mansf. has been used for the treatment o... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: Boesenbergia rotunda (L) Mansf. has been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders including peptic ulcer. In the current study we aimed to investiagte the anti-ulcer activities of methanolic extract of B. rotunda (MEBR) and its main active compound, pinostrobin on ethanol-induced ulcer in rats. The possible involevement of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, cyclooxygenases and free radical scavenging mechanisms also has been investigated. Materials and methods: Pinostrobin was isolated form the rhizomes of B. rotunda. Ulcer index, gastric juice acidity, mucus content, gross and histological gastric lesions and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were evaluated in ethanol-induced ulcer in vivo. The effect of pinostrobin into lipopolysaccharide/interferon- stimulated rodent cells, COX-1 and COX-2 activities were done in vitro. Results: Pre-treatment with MEBR, pinostrobin or omeprazole protected the gastric mucosa as seen by reduction in ulcer area and mucosal content, reduced or absence of submucosal edema and leucocytes infiltration. Pinostrobin significantly (p<0.05) lowered the elevated TBARS level into gasteric homogenate. Pinostrobin did not produced significant in vitro inhibition of NO from LPS/IFN- activated rodent cells without affecting the viability of these cells. Further, the compound did bot revleaed inhibitory effects on both COX- 1& 2 enzymes. The antioxidant assays also exhibited non significance in vitro. Conclusion: Thus it can be concluded that MEBR possesses anti-ulcer activity, which could be attributed to indirect anti-oxidant mechanism of pinostrobin but not to the intervention with nitric oxide and COX inflammation pathways.
The in vivo and in vitro mechanistic anti-inflammatory actions of cucurbitacin E (CE) (Citrullus ... more The in vivo and in vitro mechanistic anti-inflammatory actions of cucurbitacin E (CE) (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) were examined. The results showed that LPS/INF-γ increased NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages, whereas L-NAME and CE curtailed it. CE did not reveal any cytotoxicity on RAW264.7 and WRL-68 cells. CE inhibited both COX enzymes with more selectivity toward COX-2. Intraperitoneal injection of CE significantly suppressed carrageenan-induced rat's paw edema. ORAC and FRAP assays showed that CE is not a potent ROS scavenger. It could be concluded that CE is potentially useful in treating inflammation through the inhibition of COX and RNS but not ROS.
Zerumbone (ZER) is a potential anticancer natural compound, isolated from Zingiber zerumbet Smith... more Zerumbone (ZER) is a potential anticancer natural compound, isolated from Zingiber zerumbet Smith. In this investigation, the anticancer properties of ZER were evaluated on cancer cells of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia, CEM-ss. The results showed that ZER has cytotoxic effect against CEM-ss cells with an IC(50) of 8.4 ± 1.9 μg/ml (coefficient of variation < 30%). Comparatively, 5-fluorouracil (positive control), imposed an inhibitory effect on CEM-ss cells with an IC(50) of 1.94 ± 0.06 μg/ml. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results revealed abnormalities such as membrane blebbing, holes and cytoplasmic extrusions, all of which are characteristics of apoptosis. In addition, ZER has increased the number of TUNEL-positive stain and the cellular level of caspase-3, the hallmarks of apoptosis, on treated CEM-ss cells. It could be concluded that, ZER was able to produce apoptosis on T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia, CEM-ss. The current findings suggest that ZER might be helpful for improving the usefulness of anticancer agents in the therapy of leukemia.
The aim of this study was to evaluate antitumour activity of the roots of Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn... more The aim of this study was to evaluate antitumour activity of the roots of Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn. against Dalton’s Ascitic Lymphoma (DAL) in Swiss albino mice. A significant enhancement of mean survival time (MST) of H. tiliaceus treated tumour bearing mice was found with respect to control group. H. tiliaceus treatment was found to enhance peritoneal cell counts. When these H. tiliaceus treated animals under-went intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation with DAL cells, tumour cell growth was found to be inhibited. The results indicated that, H. tiliaceus treated group were able to reverse the haematological parameters, pro-tein and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) consequent to tumour inoculation with in fourteen days after the transplantation.
The ethanol extract of Hibiscus esculentus Linn roots inhibited the formation of oxygen derived f... more The ethanol extract of Hibiscus esculentus Linn roots inhibited the formation of oxygen derived free radicals invitro with IC 50 of 620 µg/ml, 2300 µg/ml, 870 µg/ml and 610 µg/ml. [Fe 2+ /ascobate system], 730 µg/ml, [Fe 3+ /ADP/ascorbate system], for superoxide radical production, hydroxyl radical generation, nitric oxide radical formation and lipid peroxide formation respectively. The oral administration of the extract (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight), significantly reduce CCl 4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats, as judged from the serum and tissue activity of marker enzymes [Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)]. These results were comparable with standard drug silymarin [20 mg/kg, P.O.)
The antidiarrhoeal effect of the water extract of Melastoma malabathricum Linn. (Melastomataceae)... more The antidiarrhoeal effect of the water extract of Melastoma malabathricum Linn. (Melastomataceae) leaves were investigated by employing four experimental models of diarrhea in Swiss mice. Melastoma malabathricum water extract treated mice showed significant reduction in the fecal output and protected them from castor oil-induced diarrhoea. The extract also reduced the intestinal fluid secretion induced by magnesium sulphate and gastrointestinal motility after charcoal meal administration in the mice. No mortality and visible signs of general weakness was observed in the mice following the test extract administration up to 2000 mg/kg dose
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Boesenbergia rotunda (L) Mansf. has been used for the treatment o... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: Boesenbergia rotunda (L) Mansf. has been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders including peptic ulcer. In the current study we aimed to investiagte the anti-ulcer activities of methanolic extract of B. rotunda (MEBR) and its main active compound, pinostrobin on ethanol-induced ulcer in rats. The possible involevement of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, cyclooxygenases and free radical scavenging mechanisms also has been investigated. Materials and methods: Pinostrobin was isolated form the rhizomes of B. rotunda. Ulcer index, gastric juice acidity, mucus content, gross and histological gastric lesions and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were evaluated in ethanol-induced ulcer in vivo. The effect of pinostrobin into lipopolysaccharide/interferon- stimulated rodent cells, COX-1 and COX-2 activities were done in vitro. Results: Pre-treatment with MEBR, pinostrobin or omeprazole protected the gastric mucosa as seen by reduction in ulcer area and mucosal content, reduced or absence of submucosal edema and leucocytes infiltration. Pinostrobin significantly (p<0.05) lowered the elevated TBARS level into gasteric homogenate. Pinostrobin did not produced significant in vitro inhibition of NO from LPS/IFN- activated rodent cells without affecting the viability of these cells. Further, the compound did bot revleaed inhibitory effects on both COX- 1& 2 enzymes. The antioxidant assays also exhibited non significance in vitro. Conclusion: Thus it can be concluded that MEBR possesses anti-ulcer activity, which could be attributed to indirect anti-oxidant mechanism of pinostrobin but not to the intervention with nitric oxide and COX inflammation pathways.
The in vivo and in vitro mechanistic anti-inflammatory actions of cucurbitacin E (CE) (Citrullus ... more The in vivo and in vitro mechanistic anti-inflammatory actions of cucurbitacin E (CE) (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) were examined. The results showed that LPS/INF-γ increased NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages, whereas L-NAME and CE curtailed it. CE did not reveal any cytotoxicity on RAW264.7 and WRL-68 cells. CE inhibited both COX enzymes with more selectivity toward COX-2. Intraperitoneal injection of CE significantly suppressed carrageenan-induced rat's paw edema. ORAC and FRAP assays showed that CE is not a potent ROS scavenger. It could be concluded that CE is potentially useful in treating inflammation through the inhibition of COX and RNS but not ROS.
Zerumbone (ZER) is a potential anticancer natural compound, isolated from Zingiber zerumbet Smith... more Zerumbone (ZER) is a potential anticancer natural compound, isolated from Zingiber zerumbet Smith. In this investigation, the anticancer properties of ZER were evaluated on cancer cells of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia, CEM-ss. The results showed that ZER has cytotoxic effect against CEM-ss cells with an IC(50) of 8.4 ± 1.9 μg/ml (coefficient of variation < 30%). Comparatively, 5-fluorouracil (positive control), imposed an inhibitory effect on CEM-ss cells with an IC(50) of 1.94 ± 0.06 μg/ml. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results revealed abnormalities such as membrane blebbing, holes and cytoplasmic extrusions, all of which are characteristics of apoptosis. In addition, ZER has increased the number of TUNEL-positive stain and the cellular level of caspase-3, the hallmarks of apoptosis, on treated CEM-ss cells. It could be concluded that, ZER was able to produce apoptosis on T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia, CEM-ss. The current findings suggest that ZER might be helpful for improving the usefulness of anticancer agents in the therapy of leukemia.
The aim of this study was to evaluate antitumour activity of the roots of Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn... more The aim of this study was to evaluate antitumour activity of the roots of Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn. against Dalton’s Ascitic Lymphoma (DAL) in Swiss albino mice. A significant enhancement of mean survival time (MST) of H. tiliaceus treated tumour bearing mice was found with respect to control group. H. tiliaceus treatment was found to enhance peritoneal cell counts. When these H. tiliaceus treated animals under-went intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation with DAL cells, tumour cell growth was found to be inhibited. The results indicated that, H. tiliaceus treated group were able to reverse the haematological parameters, pro-tein and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) consequent to tumour inoculation with in fourteen days after the transplantation.
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Papers by Dr Syam Mohan