Due to their large and increasing size and the corrosive nature of salt water and high wind speed... more Due to their large and increasing size and the corrosive nature of salt water and high wind speeds, offshore wind turbines are required to be more robust, more rugged and more reliable than their onshore counterparts. The dynamic characteristics of the blade and its response to applied forces may be influenced dramatically by rotor rotational speed, which may even threaten the stability of the wind turbine. An accurate and computationally efficient structural dynamics model is essential for offshore wind turbines. A comprehensive model that takes the centrifugal stiffening effect into consideration could make rapid and accurate decisions with live data sensed from the structure. Moreover, this can enhance both the performance and reliability of wind turbines. When a rotating blade deflects in its plane of rotation or perpendicular to it, the centrifugal force exerts an inertia force that increases the natural frequencies and changes the mode shapes, leading to changes in the dynamic...
The thermal behavior of DC–DC boost converters is studied in this chapter. A mathematical electro... more The thermal behavior of DC–DC boost converters is studied in this chapter. A mathematical electrothermal model, developed in previous chapters, is embedded in dSPACE real-time system to predict temperature and power losses of four physically built DC–DC Boost converter units, designed with three topologically different insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and one with a SiC MOSFET device. Subsequently, predicted power losses are used by finite element models (derived in COMSOL) to estimate heat distribution in the monitored devices.
In this work we derive a mathematical model that describes the working of a glow-plug of the type... more In this work we derive a mathematical model that describes the working of a glow-plug of the type used in Diesel engines to preheat the air–diesel fuel mixture. The proposed model consists of a time dependent one-dimensional partial differential equation which incorporates the electro-thermal interaction between the electric current flowing in the plug and the temperature. It has been obtained
Thermal Analysis of Power Electronic Devices Used in Renewable Energy Systems, 2017
In this chapter, thermomechanical modeling and effects of thermal stress on reliability of power ... more In this chapter, thermomechanical modeling and effects of thermal stress on reliability of power electronic converters are presented. This was carried out taking account of variations in wind and irradiance characteristics. A mitigating technique is also described by first, developing realistic full scale (FS), and partial scale (PS) induction generator models combined with a two level back-to-back PEC. Subsequently, an algorithm was derived to mitigate temperature effects by controlling its switching pattern. Algorithm’s effectiveness was experimentally verified using a three-phase DC–AC inverter module attached to scaled wind turbine system.
Thermal Analysis of Power Electronic Devices Used in Renewable Energy Systems, 2017
In this chapter, a step-by-step guide for simulation and models used in this book is explained. F... more In this chapter, a step-by-step guide for simulation and models used in this book is explained. Finite element models using COMSOL and MATLAB/Simulink codes’ writing procedures are outlined in easy to follow points. Those include thermal model of a single switch power module, thermomechanical model of a dual power modules and a single-switch discrete switching devices. Modeling of wind and solar renewable energy systems, using MATLAB/Simulink, with thermal characterisation of the associated power electronic devices are also explained.
Abstract This paper presents the design and development process of ECG (electrocardiogram) garmen... more Abstract This paper presents the design and development process of ECG (electrocardiogram) garments using different textile-based dry electrodes and assesses their performance through wearer trials. To comply with the design criteria identified for such garments, sequences of sketches with modified design features, physical prototyping and trial with industry grade mannequin were first implemented before finalising a prototype design with three different fabrics for chest, front and back panels. ECG electrodes were configured on the chest panel individually with following two different conductive textile materials - single jersey knitted fabric and embroidery thread – to construct two different prototypes, which were wearer-trialled with a human participant. Results show that the embroidered electrodes performed better than the knitted electrodes in ECG detection in still and active conditions within the same design and construct of garment.
Carbon neutral buildings are dependent on effective energy management systems and harvesting ener... more Carbon neutral buildings are dependent on effective energy management systems and harvesting energy from unpredictable renewable sources. One strategy is to utilise the capacity from electric vehicles, while renewables are not available according to demand. Vehicle to grid (V2G) technology can only be expanded if there is funding and realisation that it works, so investment must be in place first, with charging stations and with the electric vehicles to begin with. The installer of the charging stations will achieve the financial benefit or have an incentive and vice versa for the owners of the electric vehicles. The paper presents an effective V2G strategy that was developed and implemented for an operational university campus. A machine learning algorithm has also been derived to predict energy consumption and energy costs for the investigated building. The accuracy of the developed algorithm in predicting energy consumption was found to be between 94% and 96%, with an average of ...
Wearable technologies are making a significant impact on people’s way of living thanks to the adv... more Wearable technologies are making a significant impact on people’s way of living thanks to the advancements in mobile communication, internet of things (IoT), big data and artificial intelligence. Conventional wearable technologies present many challenges for the continuous monitoring of human health conditions due to their lack of flexibility and bulkiness in size. Recent development in e-textiles and the smart integration of miniature electronic devices into textiles have led to the emergence of smart clothing systems for remote health monitoring. A novel comprehensive framework of smart clothing systems for health monitoring is proposed in this paper. This framework provides design specifications, suitable sensors and textile materials for smart clothing (e.g., leggings) development. In addition, the proposed framework identifies techniques for empowering the seamless integration of sensors into textiles and suggests a development strategy for health diagnosis and prognosis throug...
Thermal Analysis of Power Electronic Devices Used in Renewable Energy Systems, 2017
The developed models is utilized in this chapter for investigating thermal characteristics of DC–... more The developed models is utilized in this chapter for investigating thermal characteristics of DC–AC inverters. The physical properties and performance of a commercially adopted inverter chip was studied and realistic model was derived to understand its behavior. Subsequently, model’s outcomes and performance was experimentally evaluated using purposely constructed test rig. The experimental validation of thermomechanical finite element model and the proposed switching control method with variable DC link operation were achieved via dSPACE RTI by using a three-phase inverter module; namely the FS10R12VT3 by Infineon Technologies. This device is a scaled-down module of the FF1000R17IE4 which is constructed with six pairs of IGBT/diode chips. It is more suitable to be tested under laboratory condition due to its low-power capacity.
Thermal Analysis of Power Electronic Devices Used in Renewable Energy Systems, 2017
The implementation of an electrothermal, 3D finite element model for a multichip single IGBT powe... more The implementation of an electrothermal, 3D finite element model for a multichip single IGBT power module is presented in this chapter. The model was built with COMSOL finite element package. Based on the thermal profile extracted from finite element (FE) analysis, a compact electrothermal model was implemented in discrete z-domain with MATLAB/Simulink for continuous temperature estimations over each layer based on the heat interactions and coupling effect across IGBT/diode chips.
Due to their large and increasing size and the corrosive nature of salt water and high wind speed... more Due to their large and increasing size and the corrosive nature of salt water and high wind speeds, offshore wind turbines are required to be more robust, more rugged and more reliable than their onshore counterparts. The dynamic characteristics of the blade and its response to applied forces may be influenced dramatically by rotor rotational speed, which may even threaten the stability of the wind turbine. An accurate and computationally efficient structural dynamics model is essential for offshore wind turbines. A comprehensive model that takes the centrifugal stiffening effect into consideration could make rapid and accurate decisions with live data sensed from the structure. Moreover, this can enhance both the performance and reliability of wind turbines. When a rotating blade deflects in its plane of rotation or perpendicular to it, the centrifugal force exerts an inertia force that increases the natural frequencies and changes the mode shapes, leading to changes in the dynamic...
The thermal behavior of DC–DC boost converters is studied in this chapter. A mathematical electro... more The thermal behavior of DC–DC boost converters is studied in this chapter. A mathematical electrothermal model, developed in previous chapters, is embedded in dSPACE real-time system to predict temperature and power losses of four physically built DC–DC Boost converter units, designed with three topologically different insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and one with a SiC MOSFET device. Subsequently, predicted power losses are used by finite element models (derived in COMSOL) to estimate heat distribution in the monitored devices.
In this work we derive a mathematical model that describes the working of a glow-plug of the type... more In this work we derive a mathematical model that describes the working of a glow-plug of the type used in Diesel engines to preheat the air–diesel fuel mixture. The proposed model consists of a time dependent one-dimensional partial differential equation which incorporates the electro-thermal interaction between the electric current flowing in the plug and the temperature. It has been obtained
Thermal Analysis of Power Electronic Devices Used in Renewable Energy Systems, 2017
In this chapter, thermomechanical modeling and effects of thermal stress on reliability of power ... more In this chapter, thermomechanical modeling and effects of thermal stress on reliability of power electronic converters are presented. This was carried out taking account of variations in wind and irradiance characteristics. A mitigating technique is also described by first, developing realistic full scale (FS), and partial scale (PS) induction generator models combined with a two level back-to-back PEC. Subsequently, an algorithm was derived to mitigate temperature effects by controlling its switching pattern. Algorithm’s effectiveness was experimentally verified using a three-phase DC–AC inverter module attached to scaled wind turbine system.
Thermal Analysis of Power Electronic Devices Used in Renewable Energy Systems, 2017
In this chapter, a step-by-step guide for simulation and models used in this book is explained. F... more In this chapter, a step-by-step guide for simulation and models used in this book is explained. Finite element models using COMSOL and MATLAB/Simulink codes’ writing procedures are outlined in easy to follow points. Those include thermal model of a single switch power module, thermomechanical model of a dual power modules and a single-switch discrete switching devices. Modeling of wind and solar renewable energy systems, using MATLAB/Simulink, with thermal characterisation of the associated power electronic devices are also explained.
Abstract This paper presents the design and development process of ECG (electrocardiogram) garmen... more Abstract This paper presents the design and development process of ECG (electrocardiogram) garments using different textile-based dry electrodes and assesses their performance through wearer trials. To comply with the design criteria identified for such garments, sequences of sketches with modified design features, physical prototyping and trial with industry grade mannequin were first implemented before finalising a prototype design with three different fabrics for chest, front and back panels. ECG electrodes were configured on the chest panel individually with following two different conductive textile materials - single jersey knitted fabric and embroidery thread – to construct two different prototypes, which were wearer-trialled with a human participant. Results show that the embroidered electrodes performed better than the knitted electrodes in ECG detection in still and active conditions within the same design and construct of garment.
Carbon neutral buildings are dependent on effective energy management systems and harvesting ener... more Carbon neutral buildings are dependent on effective energy management systems and harvesting energy from unpredictable renewable sources. One strategy is to utilise the capacity from electric vehicles, while renewables are not available according to demand. Vehicle to grid (V2G) technology can only be expanded if there is funding and realisation that it works, so investment must be in place first, with charging stations and with the electric vehicles to begin with. The installer of the charging stations will achieve the financial benefit or have an incentive and vice versa for the owners of the electric vehicles. The paper presents an effective V2G strategy that was developed and implemented for an operational university campus. A machine learning algorithm has also been derived to predict energy consumption and energy costs for the investigated building. The accuracy of the developed algorithm in predicting energy consumption was found to be between 94% and 96%, with an average of ...
Wearable technologies are making a significant impact on people’s way of living thanks to the adv... more Wearable technologies are making a significant impact on people’s way of living thanks to the advancements in mobile communication, internet of things (IoT), big data and artificial intelligence. Conventional wearable technologies present many challenges for the continuous monitoring of human health conditions due to their lack of flexibility and bulkiness in size. Recent development in e-textiles and the smart integration of miniature electronic devices into textiles have led to the emergence of smart clothing systems for remote health monitoring. A novel comprehensive framework of smart clothing systems for health monitoring is proposed in this paper. This framework provides design specifications, suitable sensors and textile materials for smart clothing (e.g., leggings) development. In addition, the proposed framework identifies techniques for empowering the seamless integration of sensors into textiles and suggests a development strategy for health diagnosis and prognosis throug...
Thermal Analysis of Power Electronic Devices Used in Renewable Energy Systems, 2017
The developed models is utilized in this chapter for investigating thermal characteristics of DC–... more The developed models is utilized in this chapter for investigating thermal characteristics of DC–AC inverters. The physical properties and performance of a commercially adopted inverter chip was studied and realistic model was derived to understand its behavior. Subsequently, model’s outcomes and performance was experimentally evaluated using purposely constructed test rig. The experimental validation of thermomechanical finite element model and the proposed switching control method with variable DC link operation were achieved via dSPACE RTI by using a three-phase inverter module; namely the FS10R12VT3 by Infineon Technologies. This device is a scaled-down module of the FF1000R17IE4 which is constructed with six pairs of IGBT/diode chips. It is more suitable to be tested under laboratory condition due to its low-power capacity.
Thermal Analysis of Power Electronic Devices Used in Renewable Energy Systems, 2017
The implementation of an electrothermal, 3D finite element model for a multichip single IGBT powe... more The implementation of an electrothermal, 3D finite element model for a multichip single IGBT power module is presented in this chapter. The model was built with COMSOL finite element package. Based on the thermal profile extracted from finite element (FE) analysis, a compact electrothermal model was implemented in discrete z-domain with MATLAB/Simulink for continuous temperature estimations over each layer based on the heat interactions and coupling effect across IGBT/diode chips.
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