The nutrient composition of dehusked Dioclea reflexa seed was studied. Results of proximate compo... more The nutrient composition of dehusked Dioclea reflexa seed was studied. Results of proximate composition indicated a low moisture content (10.02 ± 0.27%) and high crude protein content (44.43 ± 0.45%). Ash, crude fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate content were 3.07 ± 0.05, 1459 ± 0.36, 0.98 ± 0.02 and 26.91 ± 0.18% respectively. Nutritionally valuable mineral analysis showed that D. reflexa is rich in potassium and phosphorus (496.20 ± 0.50 and 420.40 ± 0.20 mg/100 g respectively), and very low in copper and manganese (1.45 ± 0.04 and 1.64 ± 0.02 mg/100 g respectively). Eighteen amino acids were detected in varying concentration in the seeds, and among the essential amino acid assayed, leucine, with a chemical score of 81.14%, appeared to be the most limiting as others had scores above 100%, all compared with the NRC reference protein pattern. Three toxic substances were determined: phytic acid was 318.40 ± 0.30 mg/100 g; tannin 151.80 ± 0.20 mg/100 g; and hydrocyanic acid 2.10 ± 0.05 mg/100 g. D. reflexa is therefore a cheap source of animal nutrients which has been hitherto underutilized.
Crop productivity depends to a large extent on the physicochemical properties of soil on which it... more Crop productivity depends to a large extent on the physicochemical properties of soil on which it is grown because the later has direct relationship to the nutrient requirements and uptake of crops. Floodplains are notable for seasonal utilization to produce crops especially fruits and vegetables for our teeming population. However, the floodplains can be affected by rainfall/storm regime in a way that can impact nutrients availability negatively. It is on this premise that this research was conducted to investigate physicochemical properties of some floodplains in Ekiti State, Nigeria to ascertain their suitability for crop production. Soil samples (0-30 cm) were collected at 5 m, 25 m and 45 m perpendicular distance to each of the three river parts at upper, middle and lower portion of the river channel. The samples were air-dried, milled, sieved and subjected to physicochemical analyses using standard methods. The ranges of the physicochemical properties are pH (5.02-7.13), electrical conductivity (34.00-571.00 μS/cm), organic matter (0.14-3.77 %), nitrogen (0.03-1.47 %), Ca2+ (0.23-4.94 cmol/kg), Mg2+ (0.15-4.64 cmol/kg), Na+ (1.20-3.62 cmol/kg), K+ (2.15-19.75 cmol/kg), Al3+ (0.41-23.02 cmol/kg), H+ (0.34-28.71 cmol/kg) and CEC (9.53-65.32 cmol/kg). In general, the floodplains are slightly acidic with low organic matter content typical of West African sub-region, sandy loam with moderate cation exchange capacity. It is recommended that the floodplains under study be treated to reduce the exchangeable sodium percentage for better crop production. The acidic soils are also recommended to be limed in order to prevent the possibility of pollutants like heavy metals from entering into the food chain. Recommendations are made to improve the soils’ physicochemical condition for increased food production.
The geochemistry and bulk mineralogy of surface (0-30 cm) and subsurface (60-90 cm) soil samples ... more The geochemistry and bulk mineralogy of surface (0-30 cm) and subsurface (60-90 cm) soil samples in the bitumen environment of Ondo State Nigeria was studied using X-Ray Florescence and X-Ray Diffraction techniques. The bulk minerals were qualitatively studied with EVA software and quantified using Rietveld refinement method. The mineralogy was found to be essentially quartz, kaolinite and feldspars with respective abundances of 83.76-93.76%, 4.38-10.60% and 1.86-3.82%. The geochemistry reveals that the order of abundance of major oxides is SiO2 > Al2O3 > Fe2O3 > TiO2 ≥ K2O > MgO > CaO > Na2O ≥ P2O5 > MnO > Cr2O3. Only Fe2O3 shows a little leaching into the subsurface layer while TiO2 was relatively stable between the two layers. The high quartz, low kaolinite, low feldspar and low gibbsite content may indicate moderate to high degree of weathering; higher contents of silica and alumina as well as alkalis and calcium in the surface layer may equally suggest a...
Soil samples within Reobertkiri Oil Field in Niger Delta area of Nigeria were analyzed for some h... more Soil samples within Reobertkiri Oil Field in Niger Delta area of Nigeria were analyzed for some heavy metals, including Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn and the results used to evaluate the degree of contamination of the oil field's soil. The soil reaction was within the acidic pH range, while moderate to high organic matter contents were recorded. Heavy metals measured in the soil showed varying concentrations among sample locations within the field. Some levels of significant difference (p Nigerian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 15 2005: 42-46
The discharge of the effluent of Okitipupa palm oil mill to Oluwa river in Okitipupa, Ondo State,... more The discharge of the effluent of Okitipupa palm oil mill to Oluwa river in Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria, has been noted to constitute some environmental nuisance as revealed by high values of pollution characteristics. A method has been developed for the removal of palm oil which constitutes the major pollutant from the effluent by solvent extraction. Ten solvents/solvent mixtures were examined for the oil recovery processes, but hexane was found the most suitable. The extraction efficiency of the solvent was further enhanced with the addition of acetic acid, which also increased the rate of coalescence. While pH affected the extraction efficiency of solvents, the effect of the temperature was not critical. Solvent recovery method was very simple and the recovered solvent could be recycled.
The nutrient composition of dehusked Dioclea reflexa seed was studied. Results of proximate compo... more The nutrient composition of dehusked Dioclea reflexa seed was studied. Results of proximate composition indicated a low moisture content (10.02 ± 0.27%) and high crude protein content (44.43 ± 0.45%). Ash, crude fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate content were 3.07 ± 0.05, 1459 ± 0.36, 0.98 ± 0.02 and 26.91 ± 0.18% respectively. Nutritionally valuable mineral analysis showed that D. reflexa is rich in potassium and phosphorus (496.20 ± 0.50 and 420.40 ± 0.20 mg/100 g respectively), and very low in copper and manganese (1.45 ± 0.04 and 1.64 ± 0.02 mg/100 g respectively). Eighteen amino acids were detected in varying concentration in the seeds, and among the essential amino acid assayed, leucine, with a chemical score of 81.14%, appeared to be the most limiting as others had scores above 100%, all compared with the NRC reference protein pattern. Three toxic substances were determined: phytic acid was 318.40 ± 0.30 mg/100 g; tannin 151.80 ± 0.20 mg/100 g; and hydrocyanic acid 2.10 ± 0.05 mg/100 g. D. reflexa is therefore a cheap source of animal nutrients which has been hitherto underutilized.
Crop productivity depends to a large extent on the physicochemical properties of soil on which it... more Crop productivity depends to a large extent on the physicochemical properties of soil on which it is grown because the later has direct relationship to the nutrient requirements and uptake of crops. Floodplains are notable for seasonal utilization to produce crops especially fruits and vegetables for our teeming population. However, the floodplains can be affected by rainfall/storm regime in a way that can impact nutrients availability negatively. It is on this premise that this research was conducted to investigate physicochemical properties of some floodplains in Ekiti State, Nigeria to ascertain their suitability for crop production. Soil samples (0-30 cm) were collected at 5 m, 25 m and 45 m perpendicular distance to each of the three river parts at upper, middle and lower portion of the river channel. The samples were air-dried, milled, sieved and subjected to physicochemical analyses using standard methods. The ranges of the physicochemical properties are pH (5.02-7.13), electrical conductivity (34.00-571.00 μS/cm), organic matter (0.14-3.77 %), nitrogen (0.03-1.47 %), Ca2+ (0.23-4.94 cmol/kg), Mg2+ (0.15-4.64 cmol/kg), Na+ (1.20-3.62 cmol/kg), K+ (2.15-19.75 cmol/kg), Al3+ (0.41-23.02 cmol/kg), H+ (0.34-28.71 cmol/kg) and CEC (9.53-65.32 cmol/kg). In general, the floodplains are slightly acidic with low organic matter content typical of West African sub-region, sandy loam with moderate cation exchange capacity. It is recommended that the floodplains under study be treated to reduce the exchangeable sodium percentage for better crop production. The acidic soils are also recommended to be limed in order to prevent the possibility of pollutants like heavy metals from entering into the food chain. Recommendations are made to improve the soils’ physicochemical condition for increased food production.
The geochemistry and bulk mineralogy of surface (0-30 cm) and subsurface (60-90 cm) soil samples ... more The geochemistry and bulk mineralogy of surface (0-30 cm) and subsurface (60-90 cm) soil samples in the bitumen environment of Ondo State Nigeria was studied using X-Ray Florescence and X-Ray Diffraction techniques. The bulk minerals were qualitatively studied with EVA software and quantified using Rietveld refinement method. The mineralogy was found to be essentially quartz, kaolinite and feldspars with respective abundances of 83.76-93.76%, 4.38-10.60% and 1.86-3.82%. The geochemistry reveals that the order of abundance of major oxides is SiO2 > Al2O3 > Fe2O3 > TiO2 ≥ K2O > MgO > CaO > Na2O ≥ P2O5 > MnO > Cr2O3. Only Fe2O3 shows a little leaching into the subsurface layer while TiO2 was relatively stable between the two layers. The high quartz, low kaolinite, low feldspar and low gibbsite content may indicate moderate to high degree of weathering; higher contents of silica and alumina as well as alkalis and calcium in the surface layer may equally suggest a...
Soil samples within Reobertkiri Oil Field in Niger Delta area of Nigeria were analyzed for some h... more Soil samples within Reobertkiri Oil Field in Niger Delta area of Nigeria were analyzed for some heavy metals, including Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn and the results used to evaluate the degree of contamination of the oil field's soil. The soil reaction was within the acidic pH range, while moderate to high organic matter contents were recorded. Heavy metals measured in the soil showed varying concentrations among sample locations within the field. Some levels of significant difference (p Nigerian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 15 2005: 42-46
The discharge of the effluent of Okitipupa palm oil mill to Oluwa river in Okitipupa, Ondo State,... more The discharge of the effluent of Okitipupa palm oil mill to Oluwa river in Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria, has been noted to constitute some environmental nuisance as revealed by high values of pollution characteristics. A method has been developed for the removal of palm oil which constitutes the major pollutant from the effluent by solvent extraction. Ten solvents/solvent mixtures were examined for the oil recovery processes, but hexane was found the most suitable. The extraction efficiency of the solvent was further enhanced with the addition of acetic acid, which also increased the rate of coalescence. While pH affected the extraction efficiency of solvents, the effect of the temperature was not critical. Solvent recovery method was very simple and the recovered solvent could be recycled.
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