Luciano Minerbi
Short Profile
Luciano Minerbi, Dr. Arch., MUP, Emeritus Professor of Urban and Regional Planning, UH luciano@hawaii.edu
Luciano Minerbi, professor emeritus of urban and regional planning at the University of Hawaii Mānoa, specializes in land use, environment, cultural assessment, and sustainability, in Hawaii and the Asia Pacific Region. He consults for international, national, and local groups and organizations.
His research, reports, publications, conference participation address sustainable island development in urban and rural settings, land readjustment, watershed and ahupua‘a management, cultural impact assessments, heritage landscape analysis, community planning, and place based management. His projects include land use, environmental management, CZM, PRA, CBED, PAR, village planning, subsistence practices, responsible eco-cultural tourism, community resilience and behavioral evacuation from natural disasters and labor force analysis for the new economy.
Professor Minerbi’s consulting, research, training and service in island settings on integrated environmental management, and information systems and planning served local and indigenous organizations, neighborhood boards and rural councils, city, county, state, federal agencies (USCCR, USNOAA, USEPA, USDOE, USAID, USACE/FEMA, USDOI, USDOA/NRCS, USNPS), the East-West Center, United Nations organizations (UNSO, UNCRD) and island governments or organizations (American Samoa, Independent Samoa, Canary Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Palau, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Timor Leste, and SPREP and SPC).
He served on the State of Hawaii Kahana Valley Living Park Planning Council, on the City and County of Honolulu Commission on Housing and Community Development and on the Neighborhood Board and the Community Center of his McCully- Moiliili District.
He is served in the Hawaiʻi Advisory Committee of the USDJ US Commission on Civil Rights. He is currently in the process of organizing and archiving his 50 years of teaching, research and service material. He taught at the University of Hawai'i since 1969 and he is a recipient of community services awards and local planning recognitions. He is married with three children and five grandchildren.
Luciano Minerbi, Dr. Arch., MUP, Emeritus Professor of Urban and Regional Planning, UH luciano@hawaii.edu
Luciano Minerbi, professor emeritus of urban and regional planning at the University of Hawaii Mānoa, specializes in land use, environment, cultural assessment, and sustainability, in Hawaii and the Asia Pacific Region. He consults for international, national, and local groups and organizations.
His research, reports, publications, conference participation address sustainable island development in urban and rural settings, land readjustment, watershed and ahupua‘a management, cultural impact assessments, heritage landscape analysis, community planning, and place based management. His projects include land use, environmental management, CZM, PRA, CBED, PAR, village planning, subsistence practices, responsible eco-cultural tourism, community resilience and behavioral evacuation from natural disasters and labor force analysis for the new economy.
Professor Minerbi’s consulting, research, training and service in island settings on integrated environmental management, and information systems and planning served local and indigenous organizations, neighborhood boards and rural councils, city, county, state, federal agencies (USCCR, USNOAA, USEPA, USDOE, USAID, USACE/FEMA, USDOI, USDOA/NRCS, USNPS), the East-West Center, United Nations organizations (UNSO, UNCRD) and island governments or organizations (American Samoa, Independent Samoa, Canary Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Palau, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Timor Leste, and SPREP and SPC).
He served on the State of Hawaii Kahana Valley Living Park Planning Council, on the City and County of Honolulu Commission on Housing and Community Development and on the Neighborhood Board and the Community Center of his McCully- Moiliili District.
He is served in the Hawaiʻi Advisory Committee of the USDJ US Commission on Civil Rights. He is currently in the process of organizing and archiving his 50 years of teaching, research and service material. He taught at the University of Hawai'i since 1969 and he is a recipient of community services awards and local planning recognitions. He is married with three children and five grandchildren.
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Books by Luciano Minerbi
Tuesday, April 1, 2008
http://americansamoarenewal.org/library/american-samoa-government-labor-pool-study
Pacific Business Center Program, University of Hawaii at Manoa (Papalii Dr. Avagalio Failautusi, Dr. Bob Doktor, Dr. Luafataalii Sa'iliemanu Lilomaiava-Doktor, Dr. Luciano Minerbi, Salilo Julia Foifua, Taualai Fonoto, Renata Matcheva, Nicloe Saito, Tuamas
Excerpt from study:
Economic stability and private sector development are constant challenges of US Pacific Territories. The causes are many yet the solutions are compelling requiring vision, leadership, and courage rooted in the synergy of data, modern knowledge, and traditional wisdom. The American Samoa Labor Study is designed to incorporate a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the available labor pool in American and Independent Samoa. The study is the result of a sequence of events that started with an expanded focus on self sufficiency in the Territories through greater economic and private sector development led by the Office of Insular Affairs of the US Department of the Interior.
Following the Fourth Annual Business Opportunities Conference in Hawaii to attract US Industry and Businesses to the US Territories inaugurated in 2004 at Washington DC, several US businesses in the knowledge industry (call centers for example) indicated interest in the Pacific Territories. While looking at investment opportunities in the Pacific, qualified labor availability concerns relevant to any US industry or business were raised. In American Samoa where an information or knowledge-based industry appeared viable to US investors, a salient concern focused on the availability of the quantity and quality of a labor supply to support such an industry in the Territory.
Governor Togiola of American Samoa seeking alternative opportunities to diversify and attract business and investments in American Samoa by US investors, supported such business interests and facilitated visitations and meetings by potential investors to American Samoa. The Governor, understanding the infrastructural support needs for a knowledge industry in American Samoa, initiated technical assistance support from the University of Hawaii, supported by OIA technical assistance funding, for a study on the availability of a qualified labor force.
A White Paper on Village Planning and Zoning
July 2016
Planning Division, Department of Commerce, American Samoa Government
Utulei, American Samoa
For the Planned Use Development (PUD) Village Design and Ordinance
Technical Assistance Grant of the U.S. Department of Interior Office of Insular Affairs
DI3AP00125-TAP-AS-2013-4
Project Team
Luciano Minerbi, Consultant, Urban and Regional Planning, Line- Noue Kruse, Project Manager and Territorial Planner, Tafua Faau Seumanutafa, Zoning Administrator, Falefata Moli Taai Lemana, Financial Manager, Burg Salanoa, General Planner, Tammie D. Taylor, General Planner, Carol Leifiloa Tanoi, Program Coordinator and Planning Finance Manager, Uili Leauanae, Deputy Director Department of Commerce, Keniseli Faʻalupe Lafaele, Director, Department of Commerce.
This 2016 pilot project on planning and zoning for the village of Alofau follows the one of 2013 conducted for the island of Aunuʻu in America Samoa but it is more extensive in scope and participatory process with the village chiefs.
White five sections of the report are:
Part A. Saʻole District & Alofau Village Historical Background, and US Census of Population and Housing
Part B. Nuʻu o Alofau Pre -2000 Information
Part C. Nuʻu o Alofau Post - 2000 – Contemporary Information
Part D. Scoping for Village Planning and Zoning of Alofau
Part E. Alofau Planning, Zoning and Management.
The historical, political, administrative, cultural and archaeological information helps in understanding the population and housing changes over the decades to derive implications on social cohesion, human resources, education, jobs as well as demand for small business and dwelling structures in the village.
A regional synthesis of reports, maps, and GIS data on geology, topography, soil, slope, vegetation, costal settings, uses, shoreline problems, riverine flooding, climate change, sea level rise, flora, fauna, forest areas, water quality and pollution, terrestrial and benthic habitats, and mangrove wetlands is needed to look at constraints and opportunities to watershed and place base management so as to engage the senior title holders, the Saʻo, in scoping village planning and zoning.
A four step process of profiling the community, analyzing trends, creating a vision, and developing an action plan, supported with data from the village profile of population, families, and housing encouraged these chiefs to identify, via participatory "dot" mapping "what is working" and "what is not working" in their family (ʻāiga) lands in terms of those planning issues prioritized them by which included employment, drinkable water, flood control, protection of the malae (village open ceremonial place), shoreline repair, drainage, garbage and sediment collection, family homes and garden maintenance, food supply, roads, parking, and health issues.
This information generated from a short survey translated in the Samoan Language was used to discuss, with the families of the several village chiefs (Matai), the zoning needs for the communal and village lands, and the future population.
The next step proposed few zoning categories for the district three for the physical settlement itself and three for the cultivated and conservation lands and generated a proposed zoning map for the village and lands of Alofau for the immediate future and a possible scenario for a more distance future.
Four aspects emerged for subsequent consideration: (a) how a village district plan needed harmonization with the district plans of the bordering villages to negotiate agreements; (b) how an adopted village plan would dovetail as an element of the American Samoa Territorial Comprehensive Development Plan; (c) how much the current generation should decide now and how much to leave to the future generation about relocation due to sea level rise induced by climate change; and (d) whether the prototype zoning map will be discussed, finalized, and submitted by the village for adoption by the territorial government.
Village Planning: ‘Aunuʻu Island: A White Paper
Department of Commerce, American Samoa Government Pago, Pago, American Samoa
December 2013
by
Luciano Minerbi, Line- Noue Kruse, Carol Leifiloa Tanoi, Falefata Moli Lemana, Keniseli Faʻalupe Lafaele.
This report documents a pilot project and fieldwork conducted in 2013 on the island of Aunu'u in American Samoa. The government needed to implement a zoning ordinance for the whole archipelago and territory. Rather than adopting a zoning code from outside, it experimented with a bottom up participatory approach by scoping local economic development and land use regulatory needs of this small community. The intent was to gain understanding how this planning process could be replicated by moving from rural to more urbanized settings in designing zoning ordinances.
This study was part of the Planned Use Development (PUD) Village Design and Ordinance Technical Assistance Grant of the U.S. Department of Interior Office of Insular Affairs. It consists of nine parts.
Part I, introduces the rationale and purpose of this collaborative project between the village leaders and the government administration to begin co-learning how to develop a village zoning ordinance.
Part II “Historical & Cultural” recognizes the political and administrative history and the Fa’alupega of this small island and reviews the archaeology, history and legends including the past uses of the lands.
Part III “Social & Economical” summarizes the current population and demographic characteristics from the U.S. Census, acknowledges economic development plan proposals and begins a scoping for an economic development plan.
Part III “Natural and Physical” processes existing information about benthic environment, coral reef, geographical and land settings, cultural and natural resources, possible conservation areas and shoreline condition, protection, and risks.
Part IV “Infrastructures and Facilities” reviews water-tanks, wells, wastewater, drinking water, research needs on water and health, power generation, current and alternative energy, road and maintenance needs. The field trip was done in consultation with the American Samoa Power Authority and the Department Public Works representatives.
Part V “Village Council Meeting & Site Visits” explores a collaborative village planning process recognizing the potential role of the local school in place base research and education.
Part VI “Village Participatory Planning Forms” provides blank forms and instructions on what additional physical planning information is needed, how to collect and how to obtain data from the community. The themes were the village settlement, open space and public works, zonation, buffer zones, risk areas and an “issues” map.
Part VII “Island Land Use Zones” indicates the desirable GIS and CAD Map layers and the GPS field survey that that should be done to inform with real data the formulation of a zoning map and ordinance. Part VII includes, for discussion only, a proposed land use and zonation draft map for the islands and its West-East transect. A detailed description of map proposed legend defines only four zones: the “Village Urban”, “Green Belt Buffer” between the village and the taro fields, “Agricultural Plantation”, and “Conservation”.
Part VIII “Village Disaster Preparedness Forms” provides a form to be filled by the vulnerable groups in the community, a form describing mitigating actions to be taken by type of hazard by the Village Council and the Government, a form for each disaster management strategy, historical profile and timeline of past events/threat and a form to document the training needs of the young men and young women groups for disaster preparedness.
A subsequent similar project, expanding of the lesson learned here, was conducted for the small village of Alofau on the Island of Tutuila, American Samoa in 2016.
Faces Barriers to Equal Opportunity
A Briefing Report from the Hawaii Advisory Committee
to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, March 2019, Honolulu, Hawaii.
The Hawaii Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights submits this report detailing civil rights concerns associated with barriers to equal opportunities for Micronesians within the state. The Committee submits this report as part of its responsibility to study and report on civil rights issues in the state of Hawaii. The contents of this report are primarily based on testimony the Committee heard during hearings on August 20, 2015 and October 17, 2018, in Honolulu, Hawaii.
This report documents a longitudinal study conducted by the Committee based upon concerns raised by panelists and members of the public regarding barriers to equal opportunity throughout the state of Hawaii for people migrating from Micronesia to Hawaii. Based on the findings of this report, the Committee offers to the Commission recommendations for addressing this issue.
Hawaii State Advisory Committee
Nalani Fujimori-Kaina, Chairperson, Amefil Agbayani, Eva Andrade, Alphonso Braggs, Vernon Char, Jennifer Dotson, Moses Haia, III, Luciano Minerbi, Kymberly Pine, Randall Roth, Wayne Tanna, Jacqueline Young - In Memorium.
It contains the reports by the rapporteurs of the working groups for the four conference themes with the contribution by participants from both the University of Hawaii and the local community. Of interest is what was proposed back them in term of restructuring Hawaii, that is valid today and not yet realized.
Proceedings Pacific Basin CZM '96: Sharing Opportunities and Responsibilities for Coastal Zone Management. August 5 – 9, 1996, Pago Pago, American Samoa.
This panel summarizes a report entitled: Department of Urban and Regional Planning. American Samoa Coastal Zone Management Program: A Case Study of Alternative Management Strategies. University of Hawaii, Honolulu Spring 1996. It was the result of a planning practicum to assist the island government to analyze its present policies, and to present recommendations on program improvements to ensure that it continues to perform its mission to "provide effective resource management by protecting, maintaining, restoring, and enhancing the resources of the coastal zone" in spite of forthcoming budget cuts. The report is divided into five sections: Section 1: Executive Summary; Section 2: Introduction; Section 3: Methodology, which describes methods data of collection and analysis used in the practicum; Section 4: American Samoa Trends and Profile--a description of the EDPO/ ASCMP and information on American Samoa's current situation; Section 5: Findings of the Workshop--a presentation of the workshop results; Section 6: Recommendations--a presentation of coastal management alternatives.
This report was prepared by CANDO, under subcontract to Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The report makes available and archives the background scientific data and related information collected for an ethnographic study of selected areas on the islands of Hawaii and Maui. The task was part of an environmental impact statement (EIS) for Phases 3 and 4 of the Hawaii Geothermal Project (HGP). The Native Hawaiian ethnographic study is comprised of 4 chapters. Chapter 1, which was written by Jon K. Matsuoka, Davianna Pomaika 'i McGregor, and Luciano Minerbi, provides background information on the framework of the study and a description of federal guidelines and Native Hawaiian political status which was used in the design of the study. This chapter includes a description of the study objectives and major tasks, respondent qualifications, research methodologies, and a description of the environmental settings of Puna and Southeastern Maui. Chapter 2 is a report on the ethnographic fieldwork conducted for the two study areas. Each section (Puna and Southeastern Maui) includes a description of the research methodologies, sample description, a map of subsistence areas and practices, and a summary of the interview and focus group data. Jon K. Matsuoka, Davianna Pomaika'i McGregor, Pualani Kanahele, and Noenoe Barney-Campbell coauthored the Puna section and Luciano Minerbi and Marion Kelly co-authored the Southeastern Maui section. Chapter 3 is an ethnohistory of Puna and South Maui. Each section includes an historical overview of events and figures from the mythical·era to the contemporary period. Included in this chapter are extensive appendices for Puna and South Maui which are compilations/descriptions of place names, natural and other features, and legendary and historical figures and events. Davianna Pomaika'i McGregor and Noenoe Barney-Campbell co-authored the Puna ethnohistory and Luciano Minerbi and Marion Kelly co-authored the·southeastern Maui section. Finally, Chapter 4 is a description of Pele beliefs, customs, and practices. This chapter is co authored by Native Hawaiian religious authorities Pualani Kanahele and Davianna McGregor. It is intended to contribute to an understanding of Native American religions as mandated by the American Indian Religious Freedom Act. This chapter discusses broad impacts of geothermal development from the viewpoint of practitioners. The research project team was· comprised of numerous individuals who assisted in data gathering, transcribing, contacting informants, organizing focus groups, site visitations, etc.
Cultural Advocacy Network for Developing Options (CANDO), by Jon Matsuoka, Davianna McGregor and Luciano Minerbi was contracted to identify social and cultural issues related to electric power generation and transmission for Native Hawaiians to comply with the Public Utilities Commission (PUC) Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) process for the State of Hawai’i.
This study uses a human ecological approach because Native Hawaiians have a familial/kinship relationship with the land ('aina), and value and use the natural island environment, so that ecological changes may affect their beliefs, cultural practices, health, well-being, and lifestyles. In order to assess impacts on Hawaiian subsistence, cultural, and spiritual customs, beliefs, and practices, the following aspects are examined: Family, Community Life, Human Well-Being and Spirituality, Natural Environment, Cultural and Ecological Resources, Customs and Practices, Rights, Economics and Hawaiian Lands.
For each category, a narrative was written to describe the nature of the receptor and impact variables, and the significance of these in relation to the lifeways of Native Hawaiians. These impacts were assessed on a qualitative basis using Geographic Information System (GIS) overlay mapping method to render potential Native Hawaiian externalities visually.
This was done because the project was constrained to use only existing data and because most of the needed variables just could not be monetized. Nevertheless, the project succeeded by producing maps depicting high and low level of impacts of possible energy development projects on important localities and places used and lived by Hawaiians. In other words, the maps were useful in charting “avoidance areas” where electrical projects should not be located, and if they are, it will be at a cost because Native Hawaiian’s opposition to the project can be expected
This concise article was written in response to attempt by some to discourage Hawaiians from pursuing the traditional and customaty practices and indigenous rights, basically by hinting that these were things of the past with not place in a moder society and even illegal under western laws. To document how untrue this statements were the author documents that in Europe, for centuries, there were common property regimes by which families owned land and water in common with a sofisticated tradition of democratic decision making for ecological place base management that ensured survival and subsistence even in difficult environments and seasons. Importantly these communal institutions still exists today so people of Hawaiʻi and Oceania are not alone in the quest to retain communal practices in a modern world.
by: Jon Kei Matsuoka, Davianna Pomaika 'i McGregor, Luciano Minerbi. pp. 41-62. “Update on Hawaiian Subsistence and Community Sustainability” by Luciano Minerbi, pp. 63-67 . Here! Urbanism, Design and Planning. Issue 2 Winter 2007, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu.
Moloka'i has a long tradition of subsistence lifestyles. This article explores the connection between subsistence, sustainability and economic resiliency on this Hawaiian Island. It was previously published as a book chapter in Marie D. Hoff (ed.) 1998. Sustainable Community Development. New York: CRC Press. An update on the community and planning issues around subsistence follows.
Luciano Minerbi in: Majid Tehranian ed. Restructuring for Ethnic Peace: A Public Debate at the University of Hawai'i. Spark M. Matsunaga Institute for Peace, University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu, pp. 163-171.
This chapter reports on a panel entitled "The Search for Ethic Peace" as part of a series of fora conducted at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa on "Ethnicity and Racism on campus. The fora were prompted by a controversy between a student and a faculty member pertaining to a letter to the editor of Ka Leo, the students' journal and a response to that letter and how the issue reverberated in the broader community and the media. The themes emerging from the discussion were that academic freedom has it own characteristics and improved dialogue should facilitate a sense of community; that learning as empowerment recognizes the responsibility of the university versus the students; that structural changes and sensitivity training for faculty and administrators should materialize in immediate programmatic actions for women and minorities on campus; that innovation should be initiated from the bottom-up allowing for decentralization and local autonomy in the islands; that colonialism and a warlike mentality is still pervasive in our community and we can move toward more biculturalism; that sharing ideas and experiences is a first step to mutual understanding and university staffing should reflect the community diversity; that many requests by Hawaiians are good and legitimate and the university can help in understanding what they are; that immigrants benefit from knowing Hawaiʻiʻs history and their rights; that cultural tolerance is possible when one feels safe; that looking for spirituality of others encourages cultural appreciation; that racism is a multi-faced scourge that exists in many forms; that personal stories of racism must be told and heard; and that biculturalism can be pursued in teaching, research and service. The proceedings are a testimony that the university community was alert, was monitoring the controversy and exploring the underlying issues.
Timila Bajracharya, Danielle Bass, Clarice Schafer, Caterine Picardo Diaz, Lulu Feng, Julian Helder, Babina Pradhan, Sarah Soakai, Mahmud Zaman. Luciano Minerbi, PI, Sara Bolduc, RA. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Honolulu, December 2014. Prepared for the County of Hawai‘i Planning Department. With guidance from Ron Whitmore, Senior Long-Range Planner.
This voluminous digital document was never printed in hard copy as it is 820 pages long. It was intended as a tool to be only electronically searched for topics and themes that the county planners could use to orient themselves while engaging in the updated and Comprehensive Review of the County of Hawaiʻi General Plan (GP). As such the electronic deliverables included short explanatory narratives for many analytical tables: (1) Best Management Practices (BMP): contains recommendations used in preparing GPs extracted from other jurisdictions and advocated by the American Institute of Planners for award winning comprehensive plans. It also contains the planning toolbox emerging from the other counties in Hawaiʻi. (2) Summaries of Strategies: is by subject areas from federal and State of Hawaiʻi sources: climate change, housing, natural resources, rural economic development, transportation, and village /town development. (3) Synthesis of “What We Know”: is from Studies and Reports for the above listed areas, and for affordable housing and non-conforming subdistricts. (4) Scenario Planning: scenario planning tools are analyzed with comparative tables software packages used by agencies and consultants. (5) Community Engagement and Outreach: contains best suggested principles and practices. (6) Social Equity: identifies by priority areas like affordable housing and climate change. (7) Hawaii County GP Summary: it is done for of all its chapters as a basis for its update. (8) Summary of four existing Community Development Plans (CDPs). (9) Comparison for consistency of these CDPs with the existing GP. Two Appendices on the new GP process and timetable and on the criteria to assess the GP.
This study, conducted in three phases, was prompted by the August of 1995 Supreme Court of the State of Hawai`i “PASH Decision” requiring the Hawaii Planning Commission (HPC) to give the cultural interests asserted by PASH ‘full consideration.’ In addition, both the CZMA and article XII, section 7 of the Hawai’i Constitution (read in conjunction with HRS § 1-1), obligate the HPC to ‘preserve and protect’ native Hawaiian rights to the extent feasible when issuing a Shoreline Management (SMA) Permit.
Phase I, developed an inventory of information and data regarding cultural and natural resources and sites utilized for traditional and customary practices.
Phase II, conducted a pilot project with the Kaua'i County to test the effectiveness of the data, maps and information gathered in Phase I and consulted with Native Hawaiian cultural practitioners, landowners and developers to recommend how improve the Special Management Area permit process in order to comply with the Supreme Court ruling in the PASH decision. This document is entitled "Phase II. Native Hawaiian Access Rights Project, Kaua'i Pilot Project".
Phase III conducted statewide focus groups regarding the SMA permitting process with the four County Planning Departments, Hawaiian community practitioners, landowners, developers, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, and the 1996 Public Access Shoreline Hawaii Rights Study Group. Phase III provides recommendations and guidelines to assist the Counties in the determination of an appropriate means to fully consider traditional and customary access rights for Native Hawaiians within the SMA. This report contains only Phase III.
This technical document studies the land development process and its impacts on Hawaiʻi ancient and historic trails and associated cultural sites through material available to the public through federal, state and county agencies. The scope is to see how the public can learn about the land development and the mechanisms beyond the issuance of various land development permits. Flow charts describe each permit associated with the Island of Hawaiʻi . Also included are the statutory guidelines associated with these permits to specify the application process, opportunity for public involvement and final decision making. A spreadsheet depicts all permitting process in a format for comparative analysis. An analysis was performed of the interagency work-flow and communication during the permit processes and interviews were conducted with agencies and other persons able to inform on the efforts. Rules can be confusing and even contradictory complicating the understanding of the process. Making the land development process accessible, and manageable enough for the public to have a voice is an important part of trail management, as it establishes the public as a stakeholder when development projects are proposed on the islands. Ch. 1 “Land Development Monitoring” discusses the need for monitoring along the trail corridor. Ch. 2 “Background and Data Compilation” describes the process of data collection. Ch. 3 “Application Forms” explains limitations in the search for information. Ch. 4 “Interview Instruments” explains the intent of the interviews. Ch. 5 “Permit Process Flow Charts and Description of Permit Process contains visual flow charts of each permit process at state and county levels with discussion of their application requirements and how the National Park Service (NPS) can be involved to influence decisions to protect the trail corridor. Ch. 6 “Perception of the Process” contains ideas from various agencies. Ch. 7 “Specific Opportunities for Inter-Agency Collaboration and Communication” proposes recommendations for the NPS. Five Appendices follow.
Saleh Azizi, Sara Bolduc, Juliette Budge, Mele Chillingworth, Molly Chebnikow, Kamuela Enos, Kaleo Manuel, Katrina Menza, Sean McNamara, and Nancy McPherson. Luciano Minerbi co-editor and PI. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu.
Project Title: Identification of Ancient and Historic Trails in the ALKA Corridor in Kohala, Kona and Ka’u, Island of Hawaii. Effective Date: 9/24/2006 ‐ /28/2011. Task Agreement no.: J8320060044. Coop. Agreement no.: H8080040012. Modification no.: 04.
This report serves as a Table of Contents for the above mentioned project. As multiple documents, files, databases, and reports have been delivered to the National Park Service from the year 2006 to 2011, under this task agreement, DURP‐UH is concluding the project by providing a Final Inventory of Research 2006‐2011. The Inventory of Research is arranged chronologically by research grants, starting in 2005 until the end of the project March 2011. A list of all documentation produced under each grant is provided. Both a copy and Table of Contents and Covers for each report produced during that time, along with the filename for digital document produced for NPS is detailed here to enable NPS to have access to the large amount of data created and collected over the last 6 years.
This is a technical land tenure report. All DURP research (2008‐2010) on the identification of ancient and historic trails for the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Corridor, in support of the Ala Kahakai (ALKA) National Historic Trails Comprehensive Management Plan is in this final report in three chapters.
Chapter 1 Trail Identification: It explains the framework of the path of the ALKA corridor and identifies land parcels to be included. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data involved the georeferencing of historical maps and the digitizing of trails in GIS. Once the maps were georeferenced, trails were digitized in GIS to locate their historic alignments. Land Commission Awards were located and digitized as land tenure documents correlate access and trails. The trail corridor identified a list of Tax Map Keys (TMK’s) already publicly owned as well as lands for which for the title search would be needed. This information is represented visually with GIS maps as well as process flow charts.
Chapter 2 Trail Ownership: It contains land ownership for the entire 175 mile ALKA corridor. The focus is on publicly owned lands, for which access has not already been documented. It entailed hundread of parcels, investigated on maps in the State Survey Office and in the Bureau of Conveyances to inspect TMKs and track the chain of title on lands and the possible Encumbrance Language by type and their potential legal implications for traditional trail access rights and easements.
Chapter 3 Additional Trail Documentation: It includes historic topographic maps, archaeological reports, State Archives road box documents, and aerial photographs. The Database entitled “NPS/ALKA Trails Database for Documents collected at the Hawaii State Archive” was created in order to organize and utilize the documents (letters, petitions, reports, and maps).
This report was prepared by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) in cooperation with the University of Hawaiʻi, the Waipiʻo Community Circle (WCC) and the Mauna Kea Soil and Water Conservation District. The primary authors for this Plan are Dudley Kubo, Katina Henderson and Luciano Minerbi. Special thanks to Matthew Wung and Carolyn Wong, NRCS, along with Susan Maddox, WCC, for their extraordinary efforts to organize community meetings and provide input throughout the plan development. Also, special thanks to the Bishop Museum and agency representatives from various level of county, state and federal government, who took the time to participate in many of the community meetings. Finally, this Plan could not have been developed without the cooperation and support of the Waipiʻo residents and farmers. The reportʻs chapters addresses the historical and physical geography of the valley; the public participation activities among stakeholders; the need for a management plan; the stream management alternatives; the permit and approval process; the strategies for implementation and the funding opportunities. The appendices include historical maps of Waipiʻo Vally stream courses overlayed on aerial imagery, the land ownership map, and the analysis of a 1914 map reflecting crops cultivation in the flood zone of the valley.
India Clark and Luciano Minerbi (PI). Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Hawai‘i Mānoa. Honolulu. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resource and Conservation Service (NRCS) and Waipi‘o Valley Community Circle.
This report shows how community efforts are coming together to move the Waipi'o Valley Community Stream Management Plan (WVSMP) into action. It frames contextually how interest in carrying out the stream management plan fits with other community priorities and the long-term aspirations of the Waipi' o Valley community of the island of Hawaiʻi. It also shows the role the stream management plan (SMP) as part of the implementation process. Presented at the November 18th, 2006 Waipi'o Valley Community Circle meeting and included in this report are two conceptual tools. They were created collaboratively as part of the SMP development co-learning process. The following are tools intended to support the implementation process by showing where the community has been, where they are, and help guide where they are going: chronology of community trends of settlement, land use, organizations, and projects considering natural events and external investment and interest; interactive map of identified critical areas along the stream, stream maintenance alternatives, and the water-head leaders (WHL) system. It provides a graphic base to aid in one-on-one meetings with WHL to answer specific questions about who, how, and when stream maintenance needs to occur at each water-head. It documents a detailed participatory, bottom-up process for a micro-community in a small but historically and culturally important watershed where taro cultivation still continue today.
Tuesday, April 1, 2008
http://americansamoarenewal.org/library/american-samoa-government-labor-pool-study
Pacific Business Center Program, University of Hawaii at Manoa (Papalii Dr. Avagalio Failautusi, Dr. Bob Doktor, Dr. Luafataalii Sa'iliemanu Lilomaiava-Doktor, Dr. Luciano Minerbi, Salilo Julia Foifua, Taualai Fonoto, Renata Matcheva, Nicloe Saito, Tuamas
Excerpt from study:
Economic stability and private sector development are constant challenges of US Pacific Territories. The causes are many yet the solutions are compelling requiring vision, leadership, and courage rooted in the synergy of data, modern knowledge, and traditional wisdom. The American Samoa Labor Study is designed to incorporate a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the available labor pool in American and Independent Samoa. The study is the result of a sequence of events that started with an expanded focus on self sufficiency in the Territories through greater economic and private sector development led by the Office of Insular Affairs of the US Department of the Interior.
Following the Fourth Annual Business Opportunities Conference in Hawaii to attract US Industry and Businesses to the US Territories inaugurated in 2004 at Washington DC, several US businesses in the knowledge industry (call centers for example) indicated interest in the Pacific Territories. While looking at investment opportunities in the Pacific, qualified labor availability concerns relevant to any US industry or business were raised. In American Samoa where an information or knowledge-based industry appeared viable to US investors, a salient concern focused on the availability of the quantity and quality of a labor supply to support such an industry in the Territory.
Governor Togiola of American Samoa seeking alternative opportunities to diversify and attract business and investments in American Samoa by US investors, supported such business interests and facilitated visitations and meetings by potential investors to American Samoa. The Governor, understanding the infrastructural support needs for a knowledge industry in American Samoa, initiated technical assistance support from the University of Hawaii, supported by OIA technical assistance funding, for a study on the availability of a qualified labor force.
A White Paper on Village Planning and Zoning
July 2016
Planning Division, Department of Commerce, American Samoa Government
Utulei, American Samoa
For the Planned Use Development (PUD) Village Design and Ordinance
Technical Assistance Grant of the U.S. Department of Interior Office of Insular Affairs
DI3AP00125-TAP-AS-2013-4
Project Team
Luciano Minerbi, Consultant, Urban and Regional Planning, Line- Noue Kruse, Project Manager and Territorial Planner, Tafua Faau Seumanutafa, Zoning Administrator, Falefata Moli Taai Lemana, Financial Manager, Burg Salanoa, General Planner, Tammie D. Taylor, General Planner, Carol Leifiloa Tanoi, Program Coordinator and Planning Finance Manager, Uili Leauanae, Deputy Director Department of Commerce, Keniseli Faʻalupe Lafaele, Director, Department of Commerce.
This 2016 pilot project on planning and zoning for the village of Alofau follows the one of 2013 conducted for the island of Aunuʻu in America Samoa but it is more extensive in scope and participatory process with the village chiefs.
White five sections of the report are:
Part A. Saʻole District & Alofau Village Historical Background, and US Census of Population and Housing
Part B. Nuʻu o Alofau Pre -2000 Information
Part C. Nuʻu o Alofau Post - 2000 – Contemporary Information
Part D. Scoping for Village Planning and Zoning of Alofau
Part E. Alofau Planning, Zoning and Management.
The historical, political, administrative, cultural and archaeological information helps in understanding the population and housing changes over the decades to derive implications on social cohesion, human resources, education, jobs as well as demand for small business and dwelling structures in the village.
A regional synthesis of reports, maps, and GIS data on geology, topography, soil, slope, vegetation, costal settings, uses, shoreline problems, riverine flooding, climate change, sea level rise, flora, fauna, forest areas, water quality and pollution, terrestrial and benthic habitats, and mangrove wetlands is needed to look at constraints and opportunities to watershed and place base management so as to engage the senior title holders, the Saʻo, in scoping village planning and zoning.
A four step process of profiling the community, analyzing trends, creating a vision, and developing an action plan, supported with data from the village profile of population, families, and housing encouraged these chiefs to identify, via participatory "dot" mapping "what is working" and "what is not working" in their family (ʻāiga) lands in terms of those planning issues prioritized them by which included employment, drinkable water, flood control, protection of the malae (village open ceremonial place), shoreline repair, drainage, garbage and sediment collection, family homes and garden maintenance, food supply, roads, parking, and health issues.
This information generated from a short survey translated in the Samoan Language was used to discuss, with the families of the several village chiefs (Matai), the zoning needs for the communal and village lands, and the future population.
The next step proposed few zoning categories for the district three for the physical settlement itself and three for the cultivated and conservation lands and generated a proposed zoning map for the village and lands of Alofau for the immediate future and a possible scenario for a more distance future.
Four aspects emerged for subsequent consideration: (a) how a village district plan needed harmonization with the district plans of the bordering villages to negotiate agreements; (b) how an adopted village plan would dovetail as an element of the American Samoa Territorial Comprehensive Development Plan; (c) how much the current generation should decide now and how much to leave to the future generation about relocation due to sea level rise induced by climate change; and (d) whether the prototype zoning map will be discussed, finalized, and submitted by the village for adoption by the territorial government.
Village Planning: ‘Aunuʻu Island: A White Paper
Department of Commerce, American Samoa Government Pago, Pago, American Samoa
December 2013
by
Luciano Minerbi, Line- Noue Kruse, Carol Leifiloa Tanoi, Falefata Moli Lemana, Keniseli Faʻalupe Lafaele.
This report documents a pilot project and fieldwork conducted in 2013 on the island of Aunu'u in American Samoa. The government needed to implement a zoning ordinance for the whole archipelago and territory. Rather than adopting a zoning code from outside, it experimented with a bottom up participatory approach by scoping local economic development and land use regulatory needs of this small community. The intent was to gain understanding how this planning process could be replicated by moving from rural to more urbanized settings in designing zoning ordinances.
This study was part of the Planned Use Development (PUD) Village Design and Ordinance Technical Assistance Grant of the U.S. Department of Interior Office of Insular Affairs. It consists of nine parts.
Part I, introduces the rationale and purpose of this collaborative project between the village leaders and the government administration to begin co-learning how to develop a village zoning ordinance.
Part II “Historical & Cultural” recognizes the political and administrative history and the Fa’alupega of this small island and reviews the archaeology, history and legends including the past uses of the lands.
Part III “Social & Economical” summarizes the current population and demographic characteristics from the U.S. Census, acknowledges economic development plan proposals and begins a scoping for an economic development plan.
Part III “Natural and Physical” processes existing information about benthic environment, coral reef, geographical and land settings, cultural and natural resources, possible conservation areas and shoreline condition, protection, and risks.
Part IV “Infrastructures and Facilities” reviews water-tanks, wells, wastewater, drinking water, research needs on water and health, power generation, current and alternative energy, road and maintenance needs. The field trip was done in consultation with the American Samoa Power Authority and the Department Public Works representatives.
Part V “Village Council Meeting & Site Visits” explores a collaborative village planning process recognizing the potential role of the local school in place base research and education.
Part VI “Village Participatory Planning Forms” provides blank forms and instructions on what additional physical planning information is needed, how to collect and how to obtain data from the community. The themes were the village settlement, open space and public works, zonation, buffer zones, risk areas and an “issues” map.
Part VII “Island Land Use Zones” indicates the desirable GIS and CAD Map layers and the GPS field survey that that should be done to inform with real data the formulation of a zoning map and ordinance. Part VII includes, for discussion only, a proposed land use and zonation draft map for the islands and its West-East transect. A detailed description of map proposed legend defines only four zones: the “Village Urban”, “Green Belt Buffer” between the village and the taro fields, “Agricultural Plantation”, and “Conservation”.
Part VIII “Village Disaster Preparedness Forms” provides a form to be filled by the vulnerable groups in the community, a form describing mitigating actions to be taken by type of hazard by the Village Council and the Government, a form for each disaster management strategy, historical profile and timeline of past events/threat and a form to document the training needs of the young men and young women groups for disaster preparedness.
A subsequent similar project, expanding of the lesson learned here, was conducted for the small village of Alofau on the Island of Tutuila, American Samoa in 2016.
Faces Barriers to Equal Opportunity
A Briefing Report from the Hawaii Advisory Committee
to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, March 2019, Honolulu, Hawaii.
The Hawaii Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights submits this report detailing civil rights concerns associated with barriers to equal opportunities for Micronesians within the state. The Committee submits this report as part of its responsibility to study and report on civil rights issues in the state of Hawaii. The contents of this report are primarily based on testimony the Committee heard during hearings on August 20, 2015 and October 17, 2018, in Honolulu, Hawaii.
This report documents a longitudinal study conducted by the Committee based upon concerns raised by panelists and members of the public regarding barriers to equal opportunity throughout the state of Hawaii for people migrating from Micronesia to Hawaii. Based on the findings of this report, the Committee offers to the Commission recommendations for addressing this issue.
Hawaii State Advisory Committee
Nalani Fujimori-Kaina, Chairperson, Amefil Agbayani, Eva Andrade, Alphonso Braggs, Vernon Char, Jennifer Dotson, Moses Haia, III, Luciano Minerbi, Kymberly Pine, Randall Roth, Wayne Tanna, Jacqueline Young - In Memorium.
It contains the reports by the rapporteurs of the working groups for the four conference themes with the contribution by participants from both the University of Hawaii and the local community. Of interest is what was proposed back them in term of restructuring Hawaii, that is valid today and not yet realized.
Proceedings Pacific Basin CZM '96: Sharing Opportunities and Responsibilities for Coastal Zone Management. August 5 – 9, 1996, Pago Pago, American Samoa.
This panel summarizes a report entitled: Department of Urban and Regional Planning. American Samoa Coastal Zone Management Program: A Case Study of Alternative Management Strategies. University of Hawaii, Honolulu Spring 1996. It was the result of a planning practicum to assist the island government to analyze its present policies, and to present recommendations on program improvements to ensure that it continues to perform its mission to "provide effective resource management by protecting, maintaining, restoring, and enhancing the resources of the coastal zone" in spite of forthcoming budget cuts. The report is divided into five sections: Section 1: Executive Summary; Section 2: Introduction; Section 3: Methodology, which describes methods data of collection and analysis used in the practicum; Section 4: American Samoa Trends and Profile--a description of the EDPO/ ASCMP and information on American Samoa's current situation; Section 5: Findings of the Workshop--a presentation of the workshop results; Section 6: Recommendations--a presentation of coastal management alternatives.
This report was prepared by CANDO, under subcontract to Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The report makes available and archives the background scientific data and related information collected for an ethnographic study of selected areas on the islands of Hawaii and Maui. The task was part of an environmental impact statement (EIS) for Phases 3 and 4 of the Hawaii Geothermal Project (HGP). The Native Hawaiian ethnographic study is comprised of 4 chapters. Chapter 1, which was written by Jon K. Matsuoka, Davianna Pomaika 'i McGregor, and Luciano Minerbi, provides background information on the framework of the study and a description of federal guidelines and Native Hawaiian political status which was used in the design of the study. This chapter includes a description of the study objectives and major tasks, respondent qualifications, research methodologies, and a description of the environmental settings of Puna and Southeastern Maui. Chapter 2 is a report on the ethnographic fieldwork conducted for the two study areas. Each section (Puna and Southeastern Maui) includes a description of the research methodologies, sample description, a map of subsistence areas and practices, and a summary of the interview and focus group data. Jon K. Matsuoka, Davianna Pomaika'i McGregor, Pualani Kanahele, and Noenoe Barney-Campbell coauthored the Puna section and Luciano Minerbi and Marion Kelly co-authored the Southeastern Maui section. Chapter 3 is an ethnohistory of Puna and South Maui. Each section includes an historical overview of events and figures from the mythical·era to the contemporary period. Included in this chapter are extensive appendices for Puna and South Maui which are compilations/descriptions of place names, natural and other features, and legendary and historical figures and events. Davianna Pomaika'i McGregor and Noenoe Barney-Campbell co-authored the Puna ethnohistory and Luciano Minerbi and Marion Kelly co-authored the·southeastern Maui section. Finally, Chapter 4 is a description of Pele beliefs, customs, and practices. This chapter is co authored by Native Hawaiian religious authorities Pualani Kanahele and Davianna McGregor. It is intended to contribute to an understanding of Native American religions as mandated by the American Indian Religious Freedom Act. This chapter discusses broad impacts of geothermal development from the viewpoint of practitioners. The research project team was· comprised of numerous individuals who assisted in data gathering, transcribing, contacting informants, organizing focus groups, site visitations, etc.
Cultural Advocacy Network for Developing Options (CANDO), by Jon Matsuoka, Davianna McGregor and Luciano Minerbi was contracted to identify social and cultural issues related to electric power generation and transmission for Native Hawaiians to comply with the Public Utilities Commission (PUC) Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) process for the State of Hawai’i.
This study uses a human ecological approach because Native Hawaiians have a familial/kinship relationship with the land ('aina), and value and use the natural island environment, so that ecological changes may affect their beliefs, cultural practices, health, well-being, and lifestyles. In order to assess impacts on Hawaiian subsistence, cultural, and spiritual customs, beliefs, and practices, the following aspects are examined: Family, Community Life, Human Well-Being and Spirituality, Natural Environment, Cultural and Ecological Resources, Customs and Practices, Rights, Economics and Hawaiian Lands.
For each category, a narrative was written to describe the nature of the receptor and impact variables, and the significance of these in relation to the lifeways of Native Hawaiians. These impacts were assessed on a qualitative basis using Geographic Information System (GIS) overlay mapping method to render potential Native Hawaiian externalities visually.
This was done because the project was constrained to use only existing data and because most of the needed variables just could not be monetized. Nevertheless, the project succeeded by producing maps depicting high and low level of impacts of possible energy development projects on important localities and places used and lived by Hawaiians. In other words, the maps were useful in charting “avoidance areas” where electrical projects should not be located, and if they are, it will be at a cost because Native Hawaiian’s opposition to the project can be expected
This concise article was written in response to attempt by some to discourage Hawaiians from pursuing the traditional and customaty practices and indigenous rights, basically by hinting that these were things of the past with not place in a moder society and even illegal under western laws. To document how untrue this statements were the author documents that in Europe, for centuries, there were common property regimes by which families owned land and water in common with a sofisticated tradition of democratic decision making for ecological place base management that ensured survival and subsistence even in difficult environments and seasons. Importantly these communal institutions still exists today so people of Hawaiʻi and Oceania are not alone in the quest to retain communal practices in a modern world.
by: Jon Kei Matsuoka, Davianna Pomaika 'i McGregor, Luciano Minerbi. pp. 41-62. “Update on Hawaiian Subsistence and Community Sustainability” by Luciano Minerbi, pp. 63-67 . Here! Urbanism, Design and Planning. Issue 2 Winter 2007, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu.
Moloka'i has a long tradition of subsistence lifestyles. This article explores the connection between subsistence, sustainability and economic resiliency on this Hawaiian Island. It was previously published as a book chapter in Marie D. Hoff (ed.) 1998. Sustainable Community Development. New York: CRC Press. An update on the community and planning issues around subsistence follows.
Luciano Minerbi in: Majid Tehranian ed. Restructuring for Ethnic Peace: A Public Debate at the University of Hawai'i. Spark M. Matsunaga Institute for Peace, University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu, pp. 163-171.
This chapter reports on a panel entitled "The Search for Ethic Peace" as part of a series of fora conducted at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa on "Ethnicity and Racism on campus. The fora were prompted by a controversy between a student and a faculty member pertaining to a letter to the editor of Ka Leo, the students' journal and a response to that letter and how the issue reverberated in the broader community and the media. The themes emerging from the discussion were that academic freedom has it own characteristics and improved dialogue should facilitate a sense of community; that learning as empowerment recognizes the responsibility of the university versus the students; that structural changes and sensitivity training for faculty and administrators should materialize in immediate programmatic actions for women and minorities on campus; that innovation should be initiated from the bottom-up allowing for decentralization and local autonomy in the islands; that colonialism and a warlike mentality is still pervasive in our community and we can move toward more biculturalism; that sharing ideas and experiences is a first step to mutual understanding and university staffing should reflect the community diversity; that many requests by Hawaiians are good and legitimate and the university can help in understanding what they are; that immigrants benefit from knowing Hawaiʻiʻs history and their rights; that cultural tolerance is possible when one feels safe; that looking for spirituality of others encourages cultural appreciation; that racism is a multi-faced scourge that exists in many forms; that personal stories of racism must be told and heard; and that biculturalism can be pursued in teaching, research and service. The proceedings are a testimony that the university community was alert, was monitoring the controversy and exploring the underlying issues.
Timila Bajracharya, Danielle Bass, Clarice Schafer, Caterine Picardo Diaz, Lulu Feng, Julian Helder, Babina Pradhan, Sarah Soakai, Mahmud Zaman. Luciano Minerbi, PI, Sara Bolduc, RA. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Honolulu, December 2014. Prepared for the County of Hawai‘i Planning Department. With guidance from Ron Whitmore, Senior Long-Range Planner.
This voluminous digital document was never printed in hard copy as it is 820 pages long. It was intended as a tool to be only electronically searched for topics and themes that the county planners could use to orient themselves while engaging in the updated and Comprehensive Review of the County of Hawaiʻi General Plan (GP). As such the electronic deliverables included short explanatory narratives for many analytical tables: (1) Best Management Practices (BMP): contains recommendations used in preparing GPs extracted from other jurisdictions and advocated by the American Institute of Planners for award winning comprehensive plans. It also contains the planning toolbox emerging from the other counties in Hawaiʻi. (2) Summaries of Strategies: is by subject areas from federal and State of Hawaiʻi sources: climate change, housing, natural resources, rural economic development, transportation, and village /town development. (3) Synthesis of “What We Know”: is from Studies and Reports for the above listed areas, and for affordable housing and non-conforming subdistricts. (4) Scenario Planning: scenario planning tools are analyzed with comparative tables software packages used by agencies and consultants. (5) Community Engagement and Outreach: contains best suggested principles and practices. (6) Social Equity: identifies by priority areas like affordable housing and climate change. (7) Hawaii County GP Summary: it is done for of all its chapters as a basis for its update. (8) Summary of four existing Community Development Plans (CDPs). (9) Comparison for consistency of these CDPs with the existing GP. Two Appendices on the new GP process and timetable and on the criteria to assess the GP.
This study, conducted in three phases, was prompted by the August of 1995 Supreme Court of the State of Hawai`i “PASH Decision” requiring the Hawaii Planning Commission (HPC) to give the cultural interests asserted by PASH ‘full consideration.’ In addition, both the CZMA and article XII, section 7 of the Hawai’i Constitution (read in conjunction with HRS § 1-1), obligate the HPC to ‘preserve and protect’ native Hawaiian rights to the extent feasible when issuing a Shoreline Management (SMA) Permit.
Phase I, developed an inventory of information and data regarding cultural and natural resources and sites utilized for traditional and customary practices.
Phase II, conducted a pilot project with the Kaua'i County to test the effectiveness of the data, maps and information gathered in Phase I and consulted with Native Hawaiian cultural practitioners, landowners and developers to recommend how improve the Special Management Area permit process in order to comply with the Supreme Court ruling in the PASH decision. This document is entitled "Phase II. Native Hawaiian Access Rights Project, Kaua'i Pilot Project".
Phase III conducted statewide focus groups regarding the SMA permitting process with the four County Planning Departments, Hawaiian community practitioners, landowners, developers, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, and the 1996 Public Access Shoreline Hawaii Rights Study Group. Phase III provides recommendations and guidelines to assist the Counties in the determination of an appropriate means to fully consider traditional and customary access rights for Native Hawaiians within the SMA. This report contains only Phase III.
This technical document studies the land development process and its impacts on Hawaiʻi ancient and historic trails and associated cultural sites through material available to the public through federal, state and county agencies. The scope is to see how the public can learn about the land development and the mechanisms beyond the issuance of various land development permits. Flow charts describe each permit associated with the Island of Hawaiʻi . Also included are the statutory guidelines associated with these permits to specify the application process, opportunity for public involvement and final decision making. A spreadsheet depicts all permitting process in a format for comparative analysis. An analysis was performed of the interagency work-flow and communication during the permit processes and interviews were conducted with agencies and other persons able to inform on the efforts. Rules can be confusing and even contradictory complicating the understanding of the process. Making the land development process accessible, and manageable enough for the public to have a voice is an important part of trail management, as it establishes the public as a stakeholder when development projects are proposed on the islands. Ch. 1 “Land Development Monitoring” discusses the need for monitoring along the trail corridor. Ch. 2 “Background and Data Compilation” describes the process of data collection. Ch. 3 “Application Forms” explains limitations in the search for information. Ch. 4 “Interview Instruments” explains the intent of the interviews. Ch. 5 “Permit Process Flow Charts and Description of Permit Process contains visual flow charts of each permit process at state and county levels with discussion of their application requirements and how the National Park Service (NPS) can be involved to influence decisions to protect the trail corridor. Ch. 6 “Perception of the Process” contains ideas from various agencies. Ch. 7 “Specific Opportunities for Inter-Agency Collaboration and Communication” proposes recommendations for the NPS. Five Appendices follow.
Saleh Azizi, Sara Bolduc, Juliette Budge, Mele Chillingworth, Molly Chebnikow, Kamuela Enos, Kaleo Manuel, Katrina Menza, Sean McNamara, and Nancy McPherson. Luciano Minerbi co-editor and PI. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu.
Project Title: Identification of Ancient and Historic Trails in the ALKA Corridor in Kohala, Kona and Ka’u, Island of Hawaii. Effective Date: 9/24/2006 ‐ /28/2011. Task Agreement no.: J8320060044. Coop. Agreement no.: H8080040012. Modification no.: 04.
This report serves as a Table of Contents for the above mentioned project. As multiple documents, files, databases, and reports have been delivered to the National Park Service from the year 2006 to 2011, under this task agreement, DURP‐UH is concluding the project by providing a Final Inventory of Research 2006‐2011. The Inventory of Research is arranged chronologically by research grants, starting in 2005 until the end of the project March 2011. A list of all documentation produced under each grant is provided. Both a copy and Table of Contents and Covers for each report produced during that time, along with the filename for digital document produced for NPS is detailed here to enable NPS to have access to the large amount of data created and collected over the last 6 years.
This is a technical land tenure report. All DURP research (2008‐2010) on the identification of ancient and historic trails for the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Corridor, in support of the Ala Kahakai (ALKA) National Historic Trails Comprehensive Management Plan is in this final report in three chapters.
Chapter 1 Trail Identification: It explains the framework of the path of the ALKA corridor and identifies land parcels to be included. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data involved the georeferencing of historical maps and the digitizing of trails in GIS. Once the maps were georeferenced, trails were digitized in GIS to locate their historic alignments. Land Commission Awards were located and digitized as land tenure documents correlate access and trails. The trail corridor identified a list of Tax Map Keys (TMK’s) already publicly owned as well as lands for which for the title search would be needed. This information is represented visually with GIS maps as well as process flow charts.
Chapter 2 Trail Ownership: It contains land ownership for the entire 175 mile ALKA corridor. The focus is on publicly owned lands, for which access has not already been documented. It entailed hundread of parcels, investigated on maps in the State Survey Office and in the Bureau of Conveyances to inspect TMKs and track the chain of title on lands and the possible Encumbrance Language by type and their potential legal implications for traditional trail access rights and easements.
Chapter 3 Additional Trail Documentation: It includes historic topographic maps, archaeological reports, State Archives road box documents, and aerial photographs. The Database entitled “NPS/ALKA Trails Database for Documents collected at the Hawaii State Archive” was created in order to organize and utilize the documents (letters, petitions, reports, and maps).
This report was prepared by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) in cooperation with the University of Hawaiʻi, the Waipiʻo Community Circle (WCC) and the Mauna Kea Soil and Water Conservation District. The primary authors for this Plan are Dudley Kubo, Katina Henderson and Luciano Minerbi. Special thanks to Matthew Wung and Carolyn Wong, NRCS, along with Susan Maddox, WCC, for their extraordinary efforts to organize community meetings and provide input throughout the plan development. Also, special thanks to the Bishop Museum and agency representatives from various level of county, state and federal government, who took the time to participate in many of the community meetings. Finally, this Plan could not have been developed without the cooperation and support of the Waipiʻo residents and farmers. The reportʻs chapters addresses the historical and physical geography of the valley; the public participation activities among stakeholders; the need for a management plan; the stream management alternatives; the permit and approval process; the strategies for implementation and the funding opportunities. The appendices include historical maps of Waipiʻo Vally stream courses overlayed on aerial imagery, the land ownership map, and the analysis of a 1914 map reflecting crops cultivation in the flood zone of the valley.
India Clark and Luciano Minerbi (PI). Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Hawai‘i Mānoa. Honolulu. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resource and Conservation Service (NRCS) and Waipi‘o Valley Community Circle.
This report shows how community efforts are coming together to move the Waipi'o Valley Community Stream Management Plan (WVSMP) into action. It frames contextually how interest in carrying out the stream management plan fits with other community priorities and the long-term aspirations of the Waipi' o Valley community of the island of Hawaiʻi. It also shows the role the stream management plan (SMP) as part of the implementation process. Presented at the November 18th, 2006 Waipi'o Valley Community Circle meeting and included in this report are two conceptual tools. They were created collaboratively as part of the SMP development co-learning process. The following are tools intended to support the implementation process by showing where the community has been, where they are, and help guide where they are going: chronology of community trends of settlement, land use, organizations, and projects considering natural events and external investment and interest; interactive map of identified critical areas along the stream, stream maintenance alternatives, and the water-head leaders (WHL) system. It provides a graphic base to aid in one-on-one meetings with WHL to answer specific questions about who, how, and when stream maintenance needs to occur at each water-head. It documents a detailed participatory, bottom-up process for a micro-community in a small but historically and culturally important watershed where taro cultivation still continue today.
This article was written in the year 2000 in response to attempts by some to discourage Hawaiians from pursuing the traditional and customaty practices and indigenous rights, basically by hinting that these were things of the past with not place in a moder society and even illegal under western laws. To document how untrue this statements were the author reminded that in Europe, for centuries, there were common property regimes by which families owned land and water in common with a sofisticated tradition of democratic decision making for ecological place base management that ensured survival and subsistence even in difficult environments and seasons. Importantly, these communal institutions still exists today so people of Hawaiʻi and Oceania are not alone in the quest to retain communal practices in a modern world. It shorter version was published later in a Hawaiian newspaper, The ʻŌ Files Vol. 2 Issue 1, January. 2004.
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu.
This paper is the memorandum of a trip the author took to the Canary Islands to explore possible collaboration by the Canary Islands and Hawaii islands governments to learn and promote possible reciprocal collaboration for sustainable development so that certain attainable planning goals be done “in five years and not in twenty-five years”. The discussion looks at the Canary Islands and Hawai’i Islands in comparative perspective as “Mirror” Archipelagos. It proposes that mutual learning and programmatic action may be supported by international institutions that have programs for island sustainable development. It identifies the conceptual frameworks of the Pressure-State-Response (P-S-R) Model and its indicators as a useful guide to the study. It reports discussion held with Canary Island planners, academics and decision makers. It proposes an outline and general researchable themes and planning topics for mutual learning to eventually extend to other countries. A delegation of government planners from the Canary Islands was supposed to come to Hawai’i to exchange views with the state and the county. The day after this trip report was written, on September 11, 2001 the tragedy happened in New York. For safety reasons the planned trip to the U.S. was cancelled. Collaboration on sustainable development by island archipelagos are still very desirable ever after two decades.
These series of “dot” maps utilizing the Mercator grid system and a USGS topographic map as a base reference was done by hand before the availability of computer mapping with the important task to visualize the current and proposed land use on the island of Oahu in the 1970s, Hawaii, in order to gain an understanding of the planning and management implications of population growth, its spatial distribution, speculative push of rezoning land from agriculture to urban use, and the impact of urban sprawl on transportation, and on the loss of agriculture and open space.
The dot size gives a visual sense of the size, density or percentage of a given variable within a grid. The maps produced include population, urban land use, comprehensive zoning code population limits, urban districts, vacant urban land, 69 growth push for suburban development, rezoning requests for urban uses, roadway network capacity, cultivated land, and park and forest reserves. The overlays of these maps that are on transparencies can reveal which amount of population can be accommodate within the urban district, or not, and what could be impact of urban sprawl in the loss of agriculture and conservation zone lands.
The proposed conceptual framework for the development of indicators of levels of risks and of quality of life included the following themes chapter by chapter: community life; family ties; human well-being and spirituality; natural environment and ecological resources; customs and practices; Hawaiian rights and community economics.
The report suggested an initial set of indicators for the The Hawai'i Environmental Risk Ranking Project (HERR) of the the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Hawai'i State Department of Health (DOH) and the East West Center. These indicators were refined in a subsequent publication by CANDO as Ch 8 “Native Hawaiian Externalities” in the Externality Workbook of July 1997 by the Energy Research Group. A case study in support of this approach was done by the Department of Urban and Regional Planning in Spring 1992 was entitled A Community Based Environmental Risk Ranking: Rural and Hawaiian Quality of Life, Kahalu'u, O'ahu. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i.
The CANDO effort to propose inclusion of Hawaiian considerations in the planning process in the islands was a pioneering effort per se and it was also significant because in 1995 the Hawaii Supreme Court PASH decision placed an obligation upon county and state agencies to protect customary and traditional rights to the extent feasible under the Hawaii Constitution and relevant statutes so as to give Hawaiian cultural interests “full consideration”. However a guidelines for public and private planners on how to address Hawaiian concerns were not really available.
This paper and presentation attempt to answer the question of the peopleʻs conference in Honolulu by arguing that water conservation cannot be attained in sectoral isolation but with a three pronged comprehensive approach by: (1) improving our planning system, (2) moving toward environmental sustainability and (3) embarking in economic restructuring.
This draft is one of the very early planning practicum graduate courses by PUSPP. It serves as baseline on land development controls (and lack of it) for the City and County of Honolulu, island of Oahu, State of Hawaii. Ch. 1 “Historical Perspective on Hawaiian Land Tenure” introduces the traditional communal land tenure and chiefly system of the Hawaiian Kingdom, the land reform for private land ownership and the change from subsistence to plantation agriculture with imported labor from Asia. Ch. 2 “Forces Affecting the Demand for Land” describes land uses by major economic sectors, population growth and desirable community goals. Ch. 3 “Land Ownership and Private Development” reveals federal, state and county land holding as well as those of large private corporate landowners and their activities. Ch. 4 “Government Land Use Guidance Mechanisms” documents explicit and implicit policies and other tools not yet exercised. Ch. 5 “Inadequacies Susceptible to Policy Control” explores the role of land use guidance in island planning. Ch. 6 “Recommendations” proposes comprehensive planning, citizen participation, and how to discourage urban sprawl by selecting appropriate urban growth patterns. This draft anticipates planning issues that needed to be attended decades ago. It addresses land conversion from agricultural export (sugar and pineapple) to diversified agricultural selfsufficiency for this island state. It compares land need for the various economic sectors and calls for a land policy direction to meet the need of the the island people away from sprawl and congested commuting. It reveals the oligopolistic control of the land and the speculative pressure for rezoning agriculture to urban uses. It proposes land use guidance like zoning for redevelopment, land readjustment , cluster development, planned development, and the pertinent role of government agencies. It identifies approaches not utilized yet like advance land acquisition, conditional zoning, and public participation to inform government decisions. It recognizes inadequacy in the system, mentioning the need to recapture the “unearned increment of land values” for the public good, the lack of interagency coordination, and lack of a human centered planning. It concludes that the existing land market does not meet public welfare, and does not address ecological concern. Comprehensive planning is needed, but with real citizen participation to resolve the dilemma between centralized planning and decentralized decision making in order to discourage urban sprawl and preserve land by considering the pattern and direction of urban growth, not just on the island of Oahu, but in the Hawaii archipelago.
Abstract
This paper discusses urban design in the context of culturally based planning and sorts out the various role of urban design. It explores the substantive aspect of urban design by looking at different types of design analysis, ways to compare urban patterns, and ways of analyzing urban activities by monitoring urban behavior, by assessing people preferences and by measuring the quality of life. These reflections were useful in orienting subsequent city and neighborhood field work by the author.
Department of Architecture and Pacific Urban Studies and Planning Program, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
The paper intent was to contribute to the local and national discussion on urban design and it is organized in two parts: a conceptual discussion and a case study. The conceptual model of community design emerges from a research on urban design on multicultural perspectives conducted at the East-West Center Open Grant Program. Urban design is an essential component of the planning process. A framework assesses if a given urban design approach is consistent with cultural needs. This paradigm outlines design methodologies, planning processes, urban functions and urban form solutions as the relevant categories for analysis. The distinction between community design and technocratic design reveals constraints and opportunities to improve city design practice. A model of planning for plurality and choice is a way to resolve community conflicts through urban design. Various roles of urban design are defined. A preferred one, consistent with a cultural perspective, is compared against past urban design practices and recent ideologies for urban design. The second part of the paper applies the conceptual model to the Honolulu case study. It reviews the Development Plan process and constraints for urban design. They are institutional conflicts and polarizing issues the local community faces. The conflicts include: intergovernmental and interagency relations, and inter-neighborhood differences. The polarizing issues relate to: growth versus no growth; urban sprawl versus containment; over-zoning versus down-zoning; and owners versus renters’ interests. A discussion identifies legislative aspects for improving a community's ability to resolve conflicts. They include development rights, guidance tools and inter-neighborhood decision rules. The paper concludes with an assessment of how the Honolulu case relates to the conceptual model. Attached is its shorter version that was published in the Proceedings of the First National Conference on Urban Design, October 18-21, 1978 in New York.
Department of Architecture and Pacific Urban Studies and Planning Program, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
This is an interesting exercise in map interpretation for resource conservation. The map overlay utilizes old maps (1881-1994) actually done by other cartographers; no representation is made about the accuracy of those maps and our interpretation based only on eye inspection. Old maps do not necessarily distinguish with separate symbols streams, water channels, trails, and roads, thus map interpretation is difficult and prone to error. The map overlay is intended for general information only and should not be used for the actual determination of flood zones; flood studies and field verification are needed for that purpose. Yet we did our best in studying these maps and this overlay remains very useful to indicate that over the centuries the stream bed meandered in various ways in the valley and this dynamic fact should be taken into consideration in natural resource management and watershed planning.
This draft is a guide or a possible detailed Master Plan for Waipi’o Valley, Hawaiʻi developed with a participatory approach among all stakeholders. It is a compilation of problems, issues, concerns, and suggestions that emerged in many discussions at the Waipi’o Valley Community Circle, and with members of the Waipi’o Valley community. These suggestions, diligently compiled by Poerbonegoro, are presented for further deliberations, as they can be rejected, accepted, modified, and prioritized, but they do emerge from the records of many meetings, so they are all listed. They are in a concise color coded tabular forms by two main categories: Identification of Key Projects and Inventory and Assessment. Elements in these categories are developed further in the following groups: Access, Tourism, Community and Institutional, Historical / Cultural, National Resource Management, Stream Management, Soil and Agricultural Productivity.
Pacific Urban Studies and Planning Program, Kakaako Solved? a Socio-Economic, Political Profile and Some Implications for Redevelopment. University of Hawaii, Honolulu (1975). Department of Architecture and Pacific Urban Studies and Planning Program, Kakaako Tomorrow: a Perspective on Urban Redevelopment. University of Hawaii, Honolulu (1978).
This paper is concerned with enabling sub-national planningʻs, i.e., district or village participation in the development process and it is addressed to the needs of Pacific Island countries engaged in decentralized planning. Top-down and bottom-up planning approaches are contrasted and seen in the context of the regionalization of the national plan. Integrated area development is envisioned as the vehicle to implement decentralization and local development and its operating principles are enunciated. The proposed conceptual framework is based on the integration of four key components: (a) communication, (b) information and data management, (c) organizational capacity building and (d) legislative mandate. Tools and techniques to implement integrated area development are envisioned for the major framework components and the role of pilot projects and experimentation are discussed. The program of action summarizes eight areas of implementation to foster local level planning.
Abstract
Compilation of a set of research themes, talks, and panel presentations on alternatives to conventional mass tourism by proposing moral, ethical, and justice values, criticizing the dominant form of tourism, recommending its restructure, and exploring community based approached. This include ecocultural tourism but by being attentive to the impacts on Hawaiian and local people in Hawai’i. Some of these essays were presented at university, government, community and ecumenical meetings exploring responsible tourism. Of interest is to look at these contributions in the years in which they were communicated against the continued growth of the industry in the period in question.
American Samoa and Hawai'i
By Luciano Minerbi
WIPCE 1999 World Indigenous People Conference on Education
This presentation focuses on the Incorporation of Polynesian
cultural practices in contemporary planning and it is based on
two instructional research projects one in Tualauta, American
Samoa and one In Ka'u, Hawai'i. These projects were
undertaken by graduate planning students of the
University of Hawai'i at the Department of Urban and
Regional Planning. Traditional and customary practice, link to
the land, centrality of the extended family, and indigenous
rights, are the guiding principles in both case studies.
In conclusion research collaboration among Indigenous groups, locally based organizations, high school, university, and agencies foster co-learning and community building.
Luciano Minerbi Department of Architecture, Urban and Regional Planning Program, University of Hawaii, Honolulu. (C) CONSERVATION, REHABILITATION AND RECYCLING International Congress Organized by Laval University, School of Architecture and the Quebec Order of Architects, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada 28-31 May 1980.
The dilemma between preservation and change of i inner city neighborhoods is approached in terms of the " cultural continuity" paradigm. Continuity requires that people affected by urban changes know where they come from, where they are going, and have a primary role in shaping their own future. This paradigm is exemplified in the a case study of a Honolulu inner city neighborhood.
Current over-zoning, absentee landownership, and metro-wide public and private pressures earmark this moderate and lower income community of renters to substantial changes. They encompass the familiar range of redevelopment activities, demolition, new construction, density intensification, eviction, displacement and relocation. The basis of continuity is perceived as the neighborhood's socio-physical integrity which requires conservation, rehabilitation and small-scale improvements to accommodate the growing needs of the new household formations, existing extended families and senior citizens would like to continue to live in the area. Neighborhood conditions, setting and structure are some of the key factors which precondition future options and predestine community design patterns. The genesis of spontaneous organizations and their actions is reviewed in this context. The neighborhood board's strategy to achieve current residentsʻ objectives through the "phasing " and " mapping " of the community agenda, and the re-drafting of alternative city ordinances is contrasted to the planning official s' rationale and responses to their local initiatives. A range of plans and strategies available to inner-city community organizations are finally presented.