British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade, 2014
This study aims at investigating the impact of Zakat on aggregate consumption and poverty allevia... more This study aims at investigating the impact of Zakat on aggregate consumption and poverty alleviation in Egypt. To achieve this, the study presents the concept of poverty and the strategies of poverty alleviation in a conventional economy, and then discusses the concepts of poverty in Isl am and the ability of Zakat to eliminate poverty in the Muslim community. The most important results arethe potential Zakat collection in Egypt cannot eradicate poverty from the Egyptian economy and the other types of charities may play an important rolein eradicating poverty in Egypt. The study recommends the need to pass legislation that requires the collection of Zakat from different sectors, organizations and institutions as well as individuals. Finally, the study emphasizes the need to voluntary charities as complementary tools in poverty eradicating. The study recommends also the Egyptian government to monitor and control the processes of collecting and distributing Zakat where the more directed to the poorest eligible (first of the eligible categori es), the greater the effect on consumption then on poverty.
International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER), 2011
The emigration of human resources leads to many losses for the labor expelling country. Such loss... more The emigration of human resources leads to many losses for the labor expelling country. Such losses would, without doubt, adversely affect the economic and social development programs in multiple aspects including state loss of migrants efforts in producing the desired growth whether in the planning and preparation stages or in the implementation stage and the cost opportunity represented in the financial resources spent on the migrants prior to their emigration which could have been utilized in other areas taking into account, the limited financial resources in the underdeveloped countries which are mainly labor expelling countries. Hence, the loss of such countries is doubled. They neither benefited from their labor after years of spending in education and health, nor they saved their funds and exploited in other alternatives like improving education and health services, providing job opportunities for residents, improving the innovation climate or even increasing civil production...
This research investigates the income inequality and education inequality that still capture the ... more This research investigates the income inequality and education inequality that still capture the interest of economists, socialists and politicians for its clear impact on all fields in the national economy. The main findings of the research are: first there is a positive association between the level of education of the head of the family and family income. Second, income inequality leads to education inequality between income-classes, which leads to widen the income gap between future generations. The third is inequality in education attainment in Bahrain had been declined during the period 1980-2006. Finally, the result stated that the main sources of education inequality in Bahrain are disparities in education costs, availability of private schools in different governorates, and in spending on education. The paper recommends that the policy-makers in Bahrain should pay more attention to distribution of private schools among governorates and educa-tion cost among these schools to...
Arabic Abstract: يستعرض البحث الأسباب المختل�?ة للأزمات المالية والاقتصادية التي تعرضت لها دول ال... more Arabic Abstract: يستعرض البحث الأسباب المختل�?ة للأزمات المالية والاقتصادية التي تعرضت لها دول العالم، ويبيّ�?ن أن المعضلة ليست �?ي النقود المستخدمة أيا كان تسميتها أو تقدير قيمتها وإنما المعضل- ومن ثم المشكلات الناجمة والأزمات المالية والاقتصادية - تكمن �?ي القائمين على إصدار النقود و�?ي المتعاملين بها. ويؤكد البحث أن اكتمال السوق المالي الإسلامي وتوا�?ر مبدأي الرشادة والك�?اءة الإسلامية هو الحل الناجع الذي يؤدي إلى تعظيم ر�?اهة المجتمع من ناحية ويجنب الأسواق المالية ومن ثم الاقتصاد القومي من الوقوع �?ي براثن الأزمات المالية والاقتصادية من ناحية أخرى English Abstract: This paper examines the various causes of the financial and economic crises experienced by the world’s countries and shows that the dilemma is not in the money used, whatever its name is or value, but that the dilemma and the resulting problems and financial and economic crises lies in the issuers, controllers and users of money. The paper also states that the completion of Islamic financial market and achieving ratio...
This book studies the relationship between macroeconomic policies and urban-rural income gap in E... more This book studies the relationship between macroeconomic policies and urban-rural income gap in Egypt. A Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) technique is used by constructing a SAM for the Egyptian economy. The book explains steps for updating input-output tables as a method helping in constructing SAM. As a data system for description analysis, the constructed SAM is used in analyzing the structure of the Egyptian economy and studying the behavior of rural and urban households. The SAM multiplier, GINI and Pesudo factor coefficients are conducted to analyze the effects of different income sources on the rural-urban income gap. SAM multiplier matrix is benefited in specifying the total impact of each account (sector) on other accounts (sectors). Finally, SAM multiplier is also used in running some of policy simulations to assess the impact of macroeconomic policies on rural-urban income gap.
This paper investigates the relationship between macroeconomic variables and Bahraini stock marke... more This paper investigates the relationship between macroeconomic variables and Bahraini stock market development by using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model. The development of a financial market is closely related to the overall development in the national economy. Well functioning financial system achieves efficiencies that provide good and easily accessible information, lower transaction costs and efficient resource allocation then boost economic growth. Many macroeconomic variables have significant effects on a stock market and its functions, development, and role in the national economy. The central bank actions, governmental policies and individual behavior affect the financial system development. For instance, monetary policy links with stock market development through affecting money supply, interest rates, investment activities in stocks and the market values of stocks. Expansion monetary policy raises money supply, decreases interest rates and raises investment in stoc...
The main objective of this paper is to assess the impact of Zakat on poverty and income inequalit... more The main objective of this paper is to assess the impact of Zakat on poverty and income inequality in Bahrain. To achieve this, the author analyzes the failure of conventional economy tools in the treatment of problems of poverty and inequitable distribution of income, then presents the ability of Zakat to eliminate poverty in the Muslim community and eliminate the income gap, finally, the author estimates Zakat due in Bahrain and then states its role in eliminating poverty and income inequality. The most important results of the research are that Zakat can eliminate poverty in Muslim countries and achieve the desired justice in the distribution of income. The most important recommendations of the paper are the need to pass legislations for the collection of Zakat from different sectors, organizations, institutions as well as individuals in Bahrain. Also, the custodians of the Zakat and charity Fund in Bahrain must completely split between the Zakat funds and charity funds, so they ...
This paper investigates the economic determinants of corruption in Egypt under Mubarak regime. Th... more This paper investigates the economic determinants of corruption in Egypt under Mubarak regime. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach which yields precise estimates of long run parameter and valid t-statistics even in the presence of endogenous variables is used. The main findings show that globalization and the government intervention in the economy influences positively on corruption level. Whereas education level and FDI have inverse effects on corruption level in the short run. Furthermore, in the long run, only education level and government intervention record significant effects on the level of corruption at 5% and 10% level of significance. Accordingly, combating corruption in Egypt should be done through eliminating the government intervention, increase education (quantity and quality), improve the investment climate to attract more foreign investments, and finally integrate more in the international economy.
International Journal of Economics and Business Research
The issue of non-performing loans is one of the factors that reflect the soundness of the banking... more The issue of non-performing loans is one of the factors that reflect the soundness of the banking sector. The main objective of this study is to identify macroeconomic determinants of non-performing loans in some Arab countries through the period 2000-2012 using the dynamic panel data approach. The outcomes of this paper suggest that inflation rate has a negative impact on NPLs, whereas improvement in macroeconomic and financial conditions seems to have a negative impact on the level of NPLs. Regarding the impact of the global financial crisis, the results show that the crisis had a negative impact on the level of NPLs. With regard to household consumption, the outcomes point out to mixed results where this effect seems to be negative in non-petroleum countries but positive in petroleum countries, whereas increasing of government spending is associated with low level of NPLs in both groups of countries. Moreover, an increase of the aggregate debt burden has a positive impact on the level of bad loans whereas expansionary monitory policy and improvement of terms of trade in petroleum countries have a significant negative effect on NPLs but this effect is not clear in non-petroleum countries.
British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade, 2014
This study aims at investigating the impact of Zakat on aggregate consumption and poverty allevia... more This study aims at investigating the impact of Zakat on aggregate consumption and poverty alleviation in Egypt. To achieve this, the study presents the concept of poverty and the strategies of poverty alleviation in a conventional economy, and then discusses the concepts of poverty in Isl am and the ability of Zakat to eliminate poverty in the Muslim community. The most important results arethe potential Zakat collection in Egypt cannot eradicate poverty from the Egyptian economy and the other types of charities may play an important rolein eradicating poverty in Egypt. The study recommends the need to pass legislation that requires the collection of Zakat from different sectors, organizations and institutions as well as individuals. Finally, the study emphasizes the need to voluntary charities as complementary tools in poverty eradicating. The study recommends also the Egyptian government to monitor and control the processes of collecting and distributing Zakat where the more directed to the poorest eligible (first of the eligible categori es), the greater the effect on consumption then on poverty.
International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER), 2011
The emigration of human resources leads to many losses for the labor expelling country. Such loss... more The emigration of human resources leads to many losses for the labor expelling country. Such losses would, without doubt, adversely affect the economic and social development programs in multiple aspects including state loss of migrants efforts in producing the desired growth whether in the planning and preparation stages or in the implementation stage and the cost opportunity represented in the financial resources spent on the migrants prior to their emigration which could have been utilized in other areas taking into account, the limited financial resources in the underdeveloped countries which are mainly labor expelling countries. Hence, the loss of such countries is doubled. They neither benefited from their labor after years of spending in education and health, nor they saved their funds and exploited in other alternatives like improving education and health services, providing job opportunities for residents, improving the innovation climate or even increasing civil production...
This research investigates the income inequality and education inequality that still capture the ... more This research investigates the income inequality and education inequality that still capture the interest of economists, socialists and politicians for its clear impact on all fields in the national economy. The main findings of the research are: first there is a positive association between the level of education of the head of the family and family income. Second, income inequality leads to education inequality between income-classes, which leads to widen the income gap between future generations. The third is inequality in education attainment in Bahrain had been declined during the period 1980-2006. Finally, the result stated that the main sources of education inequality in Bahrain are disparities in education costs, availability of private schools in different governorates, and in spending on education. The paper recommends that the policy-makers in Bahrain should pay more attention to distribution of private schools among governorates and educa-tion cost among these schools to...
Arabic Abstract: يستعرض البحث الأسباب المختل�?ة للأزمات المالية والاقتصادية التي تعرضت لها دول ال... more Arabic Abstract: يستعرض البحث الأسباب المختل�?ة للأزمات المالية والاقتصادية التي تعرضت لها دول العالم، ويبيّ�?ن أن المعضلة ليست �?ي النقود المستخدمة أيا كان تسميتها أو تقدير قيمتها وإنما المعضل- ومن ثم المشكلات الناجمة والأزمات المالية والاقتصادية - تكمن �?ي القائمين على إصدار النقود و�?ي المتعاملين بها. ويؤكد البحث أن اكتمال السوق المالي الإسلامي وتوا�?ر مبدأي الرشادة والك�?اءة الإسلامية هو الحل الناجع الذي يؤدي إلى تعظيم ر�?اهة المجتمع من ناحية ويجنب الأسواق المالية ومن ثم الاقتصاد القومي من الوقوع �?ي براثن الأزمات المالية والاقتصادية من ناحية أخرى English Abstract: This paper examines the various causes of the financial and economic crises experienced by the world’s countries and shows that the dilemma is not in the money used, whatever its name is or value, but that the dilemma and the resulting problems and financial and economic crises lies in the issuers, controllers and users of money. The paper also states that the completion of Islamic financial market and achieving ratio...
This book studies the relationship between macroeconomic policies and urban-rural income gap in E... more This book studies the relationship between macroeconomic policies and urban-rural income gap in Egypt. A Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) technique is used by constructing a SAM for the Egyptian economy. The book explains steps for updating input-output tables as a method helping in constructing SAM. As a data system for description analysis, the constructed SAM is used in analyzing the structure of the Egyptian economy and studying the behavior of rural and urban households. The SAM multiplier, GINI and Pesudo factor coefficients are conducted to analyze the effects of different income sources on the rural-urban income gap. SAM multiplier matrix is benefited in specifying the total impact of each account (sector) on other accounts (sectors). Finally, SAM multiplier is also used in running some of policy simulations to assess the impact of macroeconomic policies on rural-urban income gap.
This paper investigates the relationship between macroeconomic variables and Bahraini stock marke... more This paper investigates the relationship between macroeconomic variables and Bahraini stock market development by using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model. The development of a financial market is closely related to the overall development in the national economy. Well functioning financial system achieves efficiencies that provide good and easily accessible information, lower transaction costs and efficient resource allocation then boost economic growth. Many macroeconomic variables have significant effects on a stock market and its functions, development, and role in the national economy. The central bank actions, governmental policies and individual behavior affect the financial system development. For instance, monetary policy links with stock market development through affecting money supply, interest rates, investment activities in stocks and the market values of stocks. Expansion monetary policy raises money supply, decreases interest rates and raises investment in stoc...
The main objective of this paper is to assess the impact of Zakat on poverty and income inequalit... more The main objective of this paper is to assess the impact of Zakat on poverty and income inequality in Bahrain. To achieve this, the author analyzes the failure of conventional economy tools in the treatment of problems of poverty and inequitable distribution of income, then presents the ability of Zakat to eliminate poverty in the Muslim community and eliminate the income gap, finally, the author estimates Zakat due in Bahrain and then states its role in eliminating poverty and income inequality. The most important results of the research are that Zakat can eliminate poverty in Muslim countries and achieve the desired justice in the distribution of income. The most important recommendations of the paper are the need to pass legislations for the collection of Zakat from different sectors, organizations, institutions as well as individuals in Bahrain. Also, the custodians of the Zakat and charity Fund in Bahrain must completely split between the Zakat funds and charity funds, so they ...
This paper investigates the economic determinants of corruption in Egypt under Mubarak regime. Th... more This paper investigates the economic determinants of corruption in Egypt under Mubarak regime. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach which yields precise estimates of long run parameter and valid t-statistics even in the presence of endogenous variables is used. The main findings show that globalization and the government intervention in the economy influences positively on corruption level. Whereas education level and FDI have inverse effects on corruption level in the short run. Furthermore, in the long run, only education level and government intervention record significant effects on the level of corruption at 5% and 10% level of significance. Accordingly, combating corruption in Egypt should be done through eliminating the government intervention, increase education (quantity and quality), improve the investment climate to attract more foreign investments, and finally integrate more in the international economy.
International Journal of Economics and Business Research
The issue of non-performing loans is one of the factors that reflect the soundness of the banking... more The issue of non-performing loans is one of the factors that reflect the soundness of the banking sector. The main objective of this study is to identify macroeconomic determinants of non-performing loans in some Arab countries through the period 2000-2012 using the dynamic panel data approach. The outcomes of this paper suggest that inflation rate has a negative impact on NPLs, whereas improvement in macroeconomic and financial conditions seems to have a negative impact on the level of NPLs. Regarding the impact of the global financial crisis, the results show that the crisis had a negative impact on the level of NPLs. With regard to household consumption, the outcomes point out to mixed results where this effect seems to be negative in non-petroleum countries but positive in petroleum countries, whereas increasing of government spending is associated with low level of NPLs in both groups of countries. Moreover, an increase of the aggregate debt burden has a positive impact on the level of bad loans whereas expansionary monitory policy and improvement of terms of trade in petroleum countries have a significant negative effect on NPLs but this effect is not clear in non-petroleum countries.
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